Test 6 SECTION 1 Questions 1-10 Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. ACCOMMODATION FORM: RENTAL PROPERTIES How did you first hear about us? _ through a 10... Example Answer Name: FANE BYE ne Contact phone number: a Email address: 2richard@.... co.uk ‘Occupation: OCA 3 eee ‘Type of accommodation: 1 2-bedroom apartment wanted (must have its own 4 anne) 10 5 nen nenonnnnee FOQUiTed (Family bringing theirs) 86 ene nnn in the Kitchen is preferable Preferred location: BE AT ane n nn nnn Maximum rent: 8 ~venim POF Month, Other requests: the accommodation has to be 9... daytime MM. Khalil [for The off eh Gen fit Goad pisclts Academic Medlule)Lis SECTION 2 Questions 11-20 Questions 11-15 Complete the sentences below, The polic © officer suggests neighbours give each othr thelr 1 Neighbx is N !ahbours should discuss what to do if there's any kind of 12 i's @ good idea to leave on the 13... Think carefully about where you put any 14... Ws a good idea to buy good-quality 15... Questions 16-20 Which crime prevention measure is proposed for each area affected by crime? Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-G, next to. Questions 16-20. Proposed crime prevention measures Install more lighting have more police officers on patrol remove surrounding vegetation contact local police fix damage quickly change road design armoonr use security cameras reas affected bY crime skate park primary schools eford Street victoria Street Al 16 47 local 4. Abbot hops 7 49 sperma rket car park 20Teste si ECTION 3 Questions 21-30 Questions 21-26 Choose the correct letter, A, Bor C. Presentation on the problems and potential of biofuels 24 Mike suggests they begin their presentation by {A-_explaining what kind of harm is caused by forsee B__ pointing out that biofuels were in uso before fossil fuel Beare Orudents know the difference between fossl {els o Karina doesn't want to discuss the production of ethanol because siti withthe process. ‘ore important information. ind biofuels. 22 other students will already be far A B__ there will not be time to cover m © _ they may not provide an accurate description. 23 Which source of biofuel do the students agree Is least environmentally friendly? ‘A sugar cane B com biofuel industry in canola 24 Whatis the main problem facing the development of the : the USA? structure for transporting ethanol A__ inadequate infra’ not enough farmers growing biofuel crops ort of biofuel development B C__ little government supP* 25. Karina doubts that sugar cane production in Brazil will wildlife habitats. jobs in the biofuel sector. h energy for the country's needs. order to increase the use of biofuels A lead to the loss of B create a large number of | C continue to provide enoug! Karina and Mike conclude thal A the price of fossil fuels must go up. B__ more machinery must be adapted to C production methods must be more ef 26 use them. nergy-efficient.Listening Questions 27-30 ‘Answer the questions below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. fo focus on in the What TWO biofuel-related problems do Mike and Karina decide to focus last section of their presentation? i ing tried out? Which two sources of biofuel do Mike and Karina say are being + 2. + algae= VW SECTION 4 Questions 31-40 Questions 31-34 Complete the ‘summary below, Write ONE WoRD ony for each answer, The ‘weak-tie’ theory: how friends-of-friends influence us In 1973, Mark Granovetter Claimed that the influence of ‘weak-ties' can affect the pata ‘tone Populations in the fields of information science, politics and 31 .. em of-friends may be unlike us, they have similar enough 32... a effect on our lives. An example of this influence is when we hear : 01 Eo nica mara information about them is provided by weak-ties. Since Granovetter p have shown that weak-tie networks also benefit our 34...... to have a beneficial van beceQuestions 36 and 36 Listening Choose TWO tettors, Ae. es Goes the speaker believe are Two, People can gain higher seltesteem Seen treet People can access useful medical information S People can form relationships more quickly . People can improve academic performance People can be reliably informed about current affairs Questions 37 and 38 Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO problems related to online social networking will Increase, according to the speaker? criminal activity poorer grades at school a decline in physical fines less work done by employees moom> loss of career prospects Questions 39 and 40 Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO claims are made by Robin Dunbar about social networking sites? ‘A. They are not helpful for developing certain social skils, ‘They cannot fully reveal a person's real character. They are not a good starting point for building new relationships. ‘They do not encourage people to widen their social circle, ‘They will not retain their popularity with the young generation. moogREADING PASSAGE 4 You should spend, retin bout 20 minutes wading Pascone inules on Questions 1-13, whicn are based on 1.00 the folowing page Questions 1-6 Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs, ACF. Choose {he correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. wr (ite the correct number, ix, in boxes 1~6 on your answer sheet. i List of Headings } 1 Abusiness-model approach to education \ The reforms thatimproved education in Finland Uli Educational challenges of the future Iv Ways in which equality is maintained in the Finnish education system Vv The benefits ofthe introduction of testing ‘An approach that helped a young leamer Statistical proof of education success ‘Support for families working and tiving in Finland Ix The impact of the education system on Finland's economy Paragraph A nn Paragraph B Paragraph C Paragraph D Paragraph E oanena Paragraph F 252y Reading The countrys trys achievements ents in education have other nations doing their homework i heir homewo A ALK) ct a tee Stans a sty {oby something inn, be schoo pce! Gated sh gras tee Fain stants. a students, a recent rts, One of is a his racer’ bes late Shee oy backa yea Stn ae eet year hod Improved in reading, math in the court have vasty de ng read ree Royo Peat mantis at brace eae eed inane oe ther asmy ri sat tr Lanot VPen nnn ee 1p Louhuons desk taking books fam ata slot readng ore, en ance, : by he dts. By be ed Co ee et Byte end ofthe yar, he had congueedhis ‘adopted county's wove rich ngage and aed at 2 realzation tat he cou in fat, ba B Thistale ofa singe resoed cid hints at some fe reasons for Fintand’s amazing record of education success. The aston o is edcaton system began some 40 years. ago ut teachers hate ea it ha bee 50 ‘uonestl ul 2000 this yat, te fist ess om the Programme fr rteratonal Student Assessment (sta stardorcied et gent 15 years nme than 40 global veues best at eadng inte rat, By 2006, Frland was stot esence Inthe test PISA sures, enon ae cond in science, ti in reacng and sk ‘mong nea hal amition stuCents rent oils have attempted marketplace competion into pu of Wall Steet fnacirs a Sats hve pt money bend prt sec ideas, such Gas en, wih rave due NTE OS signe Pest Ona, 0 ana So as re sear. one oly na ses Soro era alas ug tet ar cet eos cosa acer, a paosopny tat WOU mt tn Fan. tik at acters ald wes ad Tero Heren, Hih eia ot ra years of acing exgaere.yCU ony ent sass, you mis te HTN PEt Tere arr cpus sansa et Fs Tar tam one ex attend stuns’ Ser er F Wh ‘inl. y Are F land’. Ss Schools Successful? i intign schoo. There gra competion betteen std, _ shod oregon. rand’ shod public funded. The pesos in he government agencies runing er erator ofa’ to acl auhrites, 8 Cuca vercrinar business poole cr pec as. Ee) Sn Faetre same natal goals nd raws fom hs Fesre nvesty-rind efveatrs TR SLA that eth ei has a god cance geting he quay education no ator whater RO” sho Ines 9 roral ilage or a university ton. Teatmost uma of for acid 0 PPE to ‘eooot Fran pres he Yeas maternity eave and subsided daycare ‘tive years, wher the empress partion, te slate subsidizes Paes paying them nace perm 2017 hoot a Suro poet 108, OSE and she ur agi, Heacre ev #8 taking dre courses. Fnands setts were ro ata 2 NOISE, Fer te fist Fri er ato, ov te DE rep edaon- Bun 196 I Fe Pariaent ay isn case PIE COT ace te otc te ex Ve tn es Publ hols were ODN Siem of comprehensive sz fo: 2 7 trough 16. ssa vr ation concede tonal Tet ht rove lies, rt eS EAT cory fro, ses iis and Sed te mors ofa ngage) cen Sao ced enquage Eris 2 foarte USEN Fant at genie The ral dsb equipment earn eng tata aches had we She stg asures ta ring. AS COMPO ca egrved, so cto uper saan S=POOS ‘ows 10 trough 12, Te seond ral ner Te depp when twas required ha eve acne GaN 2 1 s degree in teary and practe al terre ste, Fro ten taces wee eee Pb el cats wi dors rd anes Feneans Petan flooding teaching poate bes eres nigh butbecauce ara Sa rade the job desde. nd as treat eas, ‘We ave cur cvm mtvason 0 suoceed because we ove the| 254 Test 6 Questions 713 Complete the notes bei Choose No mo; . each anevo MORE THAN Two WORDS ANDVOR A NUMBER fom tho passogo for The school system in Finland PISA tests In the most recent tests, Finland's top subjet was. History 1963: * Anew school system was needed omprove Finland’ Bn * Schools folowed 9. that wore ereated party by teachers. * Young pupils had to study an additional 10... * Allteachers were given the same 11 10 use, 1979: + Teachers had to get a 12 + Applicants were attracted tothe 13 ~~~» but they did not have to pay for this. that teaching received.READING Passage 2 You shoutd s :. Pend abc . Readir about 20 mi 19 Passage 2 onthe fatowing or AUestons 14-25, wtch om based on Pages. Questions 14-48 Reading Pa, 8 = 298 2 has six paragraphs, ACE. ich paragraph: " }Phs Contain the folowing information? hte the corre, i eter, AF, in’boxes 14-18 0n your answer shoot NB You may use any letter more than one, 14 * ‘scriptions of naturally eccurring evens that make.the past hard to trace 3n account ofthe discovery of a particular animal which had died out 16 the reason why a variety of animals all died inthe same small arca ‘17 the suggestion that a procedure to uncover fossilised secréts was inappropriato 18 examples of the kinds of animals that did not die out as a result of hunting Questions 19 and 20 Choose TWO letters, A-E. Write the correct letters in boxes 19 and 20 on your answer sheet. Which TWO of these possible reasons for Australian megafauna extinction are ‘mentioned in the text? A. human activity B disease © loss of habitat Da drop in temperature E the introduction of new animal species ReadingQuestions 21 ang 99 The ist below shows p A ssi tstrallan mogatauna, SS "07s Of prot for humans having contact wth A bon “ one injury caused by a man-made object Bones near to early ypes of weapo: 5 n ¢ man-made holes designed for trapping animals Preserved images of megafauna species E animal remains at camp fires Questions 23-26 Do the following statements agree withthe claims of the writer in Reading Passage 2? In boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet, write YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NO. NOT GIVEN fits impossible to say what the writer thinks about this Extinct megafauna should receive more attention than the extinction of the dinosaurs. ‘There are problems with Paul Martin's ‘blitzkrieg’ hypothesis for the Americas. The Aborigines should have found a more effective way to protest about Flannery’s book. There is sufficient evidence to support Tim Flannery's ideas about megafauna extinction. 26ee Readin Australia’s Lost Giants What happened to Australia’s megafauna, the giant animals that once existed across this enormous continent? A In 1969, a fossil hunter named Rod Wells came to Naracoorte in South Australia to explore what was then known as Victoria Cave. Wells clawed through narrow passages, and eventually into a huge chamber. Its floor of red soil was littered with strange objects. It took Wells a moment to realize what he was looking at; the bones of thousands of creatures that must have fallen through holes in the ground above and become trapped. Some of the oldest belonged to mammals far larger than any found today in Australia. They were the ancient Australian megafauna — huge animals of the Pleistocene epoch. In boneyards across the continent, scientists have found the fossils of a giant snake, a huge flightless bird, and a seven foot kangaroo, to name but a few. Given how much ink has been spilled on the extinction of the dinosaurs, it’s a wonder that even more hasn‘t been devoted to megafauna. Prehistoric humans never threw spears at Tyrannosaurus rex but really did hunt mammoths and mastodons. The disa) ce of megafauna in America - mammoths, saber-toothed cats, giant sloths, among others — happened relatively soon after the arrival of human beings, about 13,000 years ago. In the 1960s, paleoecologist Paul Martin developed ‘what became known as the blitzkrieg hypothesis. Modern humans, Martin said, ereated havoc as they spread through the Americas, wielding spears to annihilate ‘animals that had never faced a technological predator. But this period of extinction wasn’t comprehensive. North America kept its deer, black bears and a small type of ison, and South America its jaguars and lamas. ‘What happened to Australia’s large animals is baffling. For years scientists blamed the extinctions on climate change. Indeed, Australia has been drying out for over a million years, and the megafauna were faced with a continent where vegetation ‘began to disappear. Australian paleontologist Tim Flannery suggests that people, who arrived on the continent around 50,000 years ago, used fire to hunt, which d to deforestation. Here's what's certain, Flannery says. Something dramatic happened to Australia’s dominant land creatures — somewhere around 46,000 years strikingly soon after the invasion of a tool-wielding, highly intelligent predator. 1994 book called The Future Eaters, he sets out his thesis that haman Kind of animal on the planet, and are in general, one prone to s. Flannery’s book proved highly controversial. Some viewed Aborigines, who pride themselves on living in harmony with basic problem with Flannery’ thesis is that there is no direct ey Killed any Australian megafauna. It would be helpful if someone fon skeleton with a spear point embedded in a rib — or perhaps to the charcoal of a human campfire. Such kill sites have been but not in Australia.est 6 D__ The debate about megafauna pivots to a great degree on the techniques for dating old bones and the sediments in which they are buried. If scientists can show that the megafauna died out fairly quickly and that this extinction event happened within a few hundred, or even a couple thousand years, ofthe arrival of people, that's a strong case ~ even if a purely circumstantial one ~ that the one thing was the direct result of the other. As it happens, there is one place where there may be such evidence: Cuddie Springs in New South Wales. Today the person most vocal about the site is archeologist Judith Field. In 1991, she discovered. megafauna bones directly adjacent to stone tools ~ a headline-making find. She says there are two layers showing the association, one about 30,000 years old, the other 35,000 years old. If that dating is accurate, it would mean humans and megafauna coexisted in Australia for something like 20,000 years. “What Cuiddie Springs demonstrates is that you have an extended overlap of humans and megafauna,” Field says. Nonsense, say her critics. They say the fossils have been moved from their original resting places and redeposited in younger sediments. father famous boneyard in the same region isa place called Wellington Caves, MIke DiProtodon, the largest known marsupial", was first discevereg Scientist Mike Augee says that: “This isa sacred site in Australign paleontology.” Here's Sy In 1830 a local official named George Rankin lowered hineealt into the cave on ion in the cave wall. The protrusion turned out to be a bone, A surveyor named Thor mas Mitchell arrived later that year, explored the caves in Unfortunately, the Earth preserves its history haph: isi the ry haphazardly. Bones disintegrate, the land erodes, the climate changes, forests come and go sive change their course Gand history, if not destroyed, is steadily concealed. By necessity, narratives are sonetucted from limited data. Australia’s first people expressed! theneclvex we Glossary marsupial: an animal which carries its young in a pouch .9. kangaroos and koalasReading READING PASSAGE 3 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 31-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below. The Swiffer = ssi. For.3 fascinating tale bout creativity, look ata cleaning product called the Swiffer and Rowe came about, urges writer Jorah Lehrer inthe sory ofthe Sufer he argues oe have the key elements in producing breakthrough ideas frustration, motnente op insight ana ghee hard work. The story starts with a multinational company which had werd Fons ts for Keeping homes spotless, and couldn't come up with better ways to dear Of os, $0 hired desioners to watch how people cleaned, Fustated aller Pen aeae Fee ai Just look at creativity from the perspective of the bron beeen ne also about the culture and context, about the group and the team sed fe way we collaborate. ‘When it comes to the mysterious process by which inspiration comes into your head 2s if from nowhere, Lehrer says modern neuroscience has produced a ‘first draft! explanation of what is happening in the brain. He writes of how burnt-out American ‘singer Bob Dylan decided to walk away from his musical career in 1965 and escape to a Cabin in the woods, only to be overcome by a desire to write. Apparently ‘Like a Rolling ‘Stone’ suddenly flowed from his pen. ‘It’s like a ghost is ‘writing a song,’ Dylan has reportedly said. ‘It gives you the song and it goes away’ But its no ghost, according to Lehrer. jhstead, the right hemisphere ofthe bran is assembling connections between past influences and making something entiely new. Neuroscentists have roughly chested this process by mapping the brains of people doing word puzzles solved by making Sense of remotely connecting information. For instance, subjects are given three vonrds ~ such as ‘age’, ‘mile’ and ‘sana! ~ and asked to come up with a single word that can precede or follow each of them to form a compound word, (it happens to be stone") Using brain-imaging equipment, researchers discovered that when people get the answer in an apparent flash of insight, a small fold of tissue called the anterior superior temporal gyrus suddenly lights up just beforehand. This stays silent when the word Puzzle is solved through careful analysis, Lehrer says that this area of the brain lights up only after we've hit the wall on a problem. Then the brain starts hunting through the ‘fing cabinets of the right hemisphere’ to make the connections that produce the Fight answer, 7Test 6 fies have demonstrated i's possible to predict a moment of insight up to eight seconds before it arrives. The predictive signal is a steady rhythm of alpha waves femanating from the brain’ right hemisphere, which are closely associated with relaxing tities. When our minds are at ease — when those alpha waves are rippling through ‘the brain — we're more likely to direct the spotlight of attention towards that stream of remote associations emanating from the right hemisphere,’ Lehrer writes. ‘In contrast, ‘hen we are dligentiy focused, our attention tends to be towards the details of the - problems we are trying to solve. In other words, then we are les likely to make those ital associations. So, heading out for a walk or lying down are important phases of the creative process, and smart companies know this. Some now have a policy of encouraging staf to take time out during the day and spend time on things that at first glance are unproductive (like playing a PC game), but day-dreaming has been shown to be positively correlated with problem-solving. However, to be more imaginative, says Lehrer, it's also crucial to collaborate with people from a wide range of backgrounds because if colleagues are too socially intimate, creativity is stifled. Creativity, it seems, thrives on serendipity. American entrepreneur Steve Jobs believed 50. Lehver describes how at Pixar Animation, Jobs designed the entire workplace to maximise the chance of strangers bumping into each other, striking up conversations and learning from one another. He also points to'a study of 766 business graduates who had gone on to own their own companies. Those with the greatest diversity of acquaintances enjoyed far more success. Lehrer says he has taken all this on board, and despite his inherent shyness, when he's sitting next to strangers on a plane or ata conference, forces himself to initiate conversations. As for predictions that the rise of the Internet would make the need for shared working space obsolete, Lehrer says research shows the opposite has occurred; when people meet face-to-face, the level of creativity increases. This is why the kind of place we live in is so important to mnovation. According to theoretical physicist Geoffrey West, when corporate institutions get bigger, they often become less receptive to change. Cities, however, allow our ingenuity to grow by pulling huge numbers of different people together, who then exchange ideas. Working from the comfort of our homes maybe convenient, therefore, but it seems we need the company of others to achieve our finest ‘eureka’ moments. Glossary Eureka: In ancient Greek, the meaning was ‘I have found!’. Now it can be used when people suddenly find the solution to a difficult problem and want to celebrate.Questions 27-39 acing Choose the come, ct letter, A,B, i A.B, Corp, White the correct tetter in 27 28 A he had noti Pe ended up revising his plans for te eretent, ing in a highly creative environment mn by his own experience of the ‘eureka’ moment. Lehrer refers to the singer Bob Dylan in order to A illustrate how ideas seem spontaneous. B exemplify ways in which we might limit our inventiveness. contrast different approaches to stimulating the imagination. D propose particular approaches to regaining lost creativity. 30 What did neuroscientists discover from the word puzzle experiment? intended to focus on creativity, c he was drive 29 Memories are easier to retrieve when they are more eco ‘An analytical approach to problem-solving is not necessarily effective. ‘One part of the brain only becomes active when a connection is made suddenly. Creative people tend to take a more instinctive approach to solving language problems. vomD>" Test 6 Questions 31-34 Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-G, below, Write the correct letter, A~G, in boxes 31-34 on your answer sheet 31 32 33 34 Scientists know a moment of insight is coming Mental connections are much harder to make Some companies require their employees to stop working team will function more successfully when people are not too familiar with one another. because there is greater activity in the right side of the brain. if people are concentrating on the specifics of a problem. so they can increase the possibility of finding answers. when people lack the experience required for problem-solving. when the brain shows strong signs of distraction. o™r7moc0m> when both hemispheres of the brain show activity.questions 35-39 Reading Complete the notes below. Choose o} ; NE WORD ONLY from the Passage for each an: = ‘each answer, ie Your answers in boxes 35-39 on your answer shoot How other poopie influence our ereativity + Steve Jobs — Made changes to the 35. + Lehrer - to encourage interaction at Pixar, — Company owners must have a wide range of 36... to do well. — it's important to start 37... with new people — the 38 has not replaced the need for physical contact. + Geoffrey West : = living in 39 encourages creativity. Question 40 Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet. 40 Which of the following is the most suitable title for Reading Passage 3? Understanding what drives our moments of inspiration Challenging traditional theories of human creativity Creative solutions for enhancing professional relationships How the future is shaped by innovative ideas and inspired people coupWRITING TASK 1 You should spend about 20 minutés on this task. f The chart below shows the changes that took place In three different areas o crime in Newport city centre from 2003-2012, J ‘Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, an ‘make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words. The changing rates of crime in the inner city from 2003-2012 4000. = berany oa car thet robbery (theft from the person) 300. 8 2500 g 1500: Number of incidents 3 8 r 2003-2004 2005-2006. -—«2007-—«2008~=«2009-=«2010~=«OTT~=COT. Year WRITING TASK 2 You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. in the past, when students did a university degree, they tended to study in their ‘own country. Nowadays, they have more opportunity to study abroad. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this development? You should use your own ideas, knowledge and. experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant ‘examples from your own knowledge or experience, Write at least 250 words.