ECUACIONES Ing. Rolando Menacho S.

DIFERENCIALES
EXAMEN FINAL

SOLUCIONARIO DE ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES

− 3t
SOLUCION 1: (D-4){x} - 2{y}= 9⋅ e ; x(0)= - 9, y(0)=4
3t
{x} + (D-1){y}= 5⋅ e

 D − 4 −2  → D2 − 5 ⋅ D + 6 2
  ∆ = D − 5⋅ D + 6
 1 D − 1

 9 ⋅ e − 3t 
∆x = 
 3t
−2
( )
 = ( D − 1) ⋅ 9 ⋅ e− 3t + 10⋅ e3t = −36⋅ e− 3t + 10⋅ e3t

 5⋅ e D − 1

 D − 4 9 ⋅ e − 3t 
∆y = 
 3t 
( )
 = ( D − 4) 5 ⋅ e3t − 9 ⋅ e− 3t = −5 ⋅ e3t − 9 ⋅ e− 3t
 1 5⋅ e 

2
( D − 5⋅ D + 6){x}= −36⋅ e
− 3t
+ 10⋅ e
3t 2 2  2t 3t
D − 5 ⋅ D + 6 solve , D →   xc = c1⋅ e + c2⋅ e
3 
1
(
⋅ −36⋅ e
− 3t
)+ 1
(10⋅e3t)
(D2 − 5⋅D + 6) (D2 − 5⋅D + 6)
xp =

6 − 3t 1 3t 6 − 3t 3t 2t 3t 6 − 3t 3t
xp = − ⋅ e + 10t ⋅ ⋅e = − ⋅e + 10t ⋅ e x = c1⋅ e + c2⋅ e − ⋅e + 10t ⋅ e
5 2D − 5 5 5

− 3t − 3t
(D-4){x} - 2{y}= 9⋅ e 2y = x' − 4x − 9 ⋅ e

x' = 2c1⋅ e
2t
+ 3c2⋅ e
3t
+
18 − 3t
5
⋅e
3t
+ 30t ⋅ e + 10⋅ e
3t
y=
1
2
( x' − 4x − 9 ⋅ e )
− 3t

2t c2 3t 3t 3t 3 − 3t
y = −c1⋅ e − ⋅ e + 5 ⋅ e − 5t ⋅ e − ⋅e
2 10
 ECUACIONES Ing. Rolando Menacho S.
DIFERENCIALES
EXAMEN FINAL

2t 3t 6 − 3t 3t 2t c2 3t 3t 3t 3 − 3t
x = c1⋅ e + c2⋅ e − ⋅e + 10t ⋅ e y = −c1⋅ e − ⋅ e + 5 ⋅ e − 5t ⋅ e − ⋅e
5 2 10
6 c2 3
t=0 x = −9 −9 = c1 + c2 − t=0 y=4 4 = −c1 − +5−
5 2 10

 −9 = c1 + c2 − 6 
 
5  46 −17 
  solve , c1 , c2 →  
c2
 4 = −c1 − + 5 − 3  5 
 2 10 
46 2t 3t 6 − 3t 3t 46 2t 27 3t 3 − 3t − 3t
x( t ) = ⋅ e − 17⋅ e − ⋅ e + 10t ⋅ e y( t ) = − ⋅e + ⋅e − ⋅e − 5t ⋅ e
5 5 5 2 10

− 3t
SOLUCION 2: (D-4){x} - 2{y}= 9⋅ e ; x(0)= - 9, y(0)=4
3t
{x} + (D-1){y}= 5⋅ e

9 9 −9 s − 18
s⋅ x( s) − x( 0 ) − 4 ⋅ x( s) − 2 ⋅ y( s) = ( s − 4 ) ⋅ x( s) − 2 ⋅ y( s) = −9 + =
s+3 s+3 s+3

5 5 4s − 7
x( s) + s⋅ y( s) − y( 0 ) − y( s) = x( s) + ( s − 1 ) ⋅ y( s) = 4 + =
s−3 s−3 s−3

( s − 4) −2  ( s − 4) −2  simplify → ( s − 2 ) ⋅ ( s − 3 )
∆=   
 1 (s − 1)  1 (s − 1)

 −9s − 18 −2   −9 s − 18 −2 
 s+3   s+3  2 3
26⋅ s − 9 ⋅ s + 55⋅ s − 96
∆x =     simplify →
 4s − 7 s − 1   4s − 7 s − 1  2
s −9
 s−3   s−3 
 ECUACIONES Ing. Rolando Menacho S.
DIFERENCIALES
EXAMEN FINAL

 s − 4 −9s − 18   s − 4 −9 s − 18 

∆y = 
s+3 



s+3 
 simplify → −
2 3 (
2 ⋅ s − 2 ⋅ s + 25⋅ s − 15 )
4s − 7 4s − 7
 1   1  2
s −9
 s−3   s−3 

2 3
26⋅ s − 9⋅ s + 55⋅ s− 96
2
s −9 46 17 6 10
x( s) = = − − +
[ (s − 2)⋅ (s − 3)] 5⋅ ( s − 2) s−3 5⋅ (s + 3) 2
(s − 3)

−
(2 3
2 ⋅ s − 2 ⋅ s + 25⋅ s − 15 )
2
s −9 27 46 3 5
y( s) = = − − −
[ ( s − 2) ⋅ ( s − 3 ) ] 2⋅ (s − 3) 5⋅ (s − 2) 10⋅ ( s + 3 ) 2
(s − 3)

46 2t 3t 6 − 3t 3t 27 3t 46 2t 3 − 3t 3t
x( t ) = ⋅ e − 17⋅ e − ⋅ e + 10⋅ t ⋅ e y( t ) = ⋅e − ⋅e − ⋅e − 5 ⋅ t⋅ e
5 5 2 5 10

SOLUCION 3:

46 2t 3t 6 − 3t 3t 46 2t 27 3t 3 − 3t 3t
x( t ) = ⋅ e − 17⋅ e − ⋅ e + 10⋅ t ⋅ e y( t ) = − ⋅e + ⋅e − ⋅e − 5 ⋅ t⋅ e
5 5 5 2 10

46 2t 3t 6 − 3t 3t 46 2t 27 3t 3 − 3t − 3t
x( t ) = ⋅ e − 17⋅ e − ⋅ e + 10t ⋅ e y( y) = − ⋅e + ⋅e − ⋅e − 5t ⋅ e
5 5 5 2 10

Por operadores y por laplace son iguales

 ECUACIONES Ing. Rolando Menacho S.
DIFERENCIALES
EXAMEN FINAL

5t
SOLUCION 4: y'' − 5y' + 6y = e y( 0 ) = −1 y'( 0 ) = 1

Solución a
x1 = y x1' = y' = x2
5t 5t
x2 = y' x2' = y'' = −6 y + 5y' + e = −6 x1 + 5x2 + e

 x1'   0 1  ⋅  x1  +  0  ⋅ e5t  −1 
  =      x( 0 ) =  
 x2'   −6 5   x2   1  1

Solución b

1 1
 0 1 3
A :=   eigenvals( A) →   eigenvec( A , 3 ) →  3  eigenvec( A , 2 ) →  2 
 −6 5  2    
1 1

1 1 1 1  e3t 0 
 −6 3 
eigenvecs( A) →  2 3  P :=  3 2  P1 := P = 
−1 Dt
P1 =   e
     6 −2   2t 
1 1 1 1 0 e 

 3 ⋅ e2⋅ t − 2⋅ e3⋅ t e3⋅ t − e2⋅ t 

= 
At Dt − 1
e = P⋅ e ⋅ P
 2⋅ t 3⋅ t 3⋅ t 2⋅ t 
 6 ⋅ e − 6⋅ e 3 ⋅ e − 2⋅ e 

Solución c

 3 ⋅ e2⋅ t − 2⋅ e3⋅ t e3⋅ t − e2⋅ t   −1   3 ⋅ e3⋅ t − 4⋅ e2⋅ t 

 ⋅  →  
 2⋅ t 3⋅ t 3⋅ t 2⋅ t   1   3⋅ t 2⋅ t 
 6 ⋅ e − 6⋅ e 3 ⋅ e − 2⋅ e   9 ⋅ e − 8⋅ e 

 3 ⋅ e3⋅ t − 4⋅ e2⋅ t 
xnf ( t ) = e ⋅ x( 0 ) =  
At
 3⋅ t 2⋅ t 
 9 ⋅ e − 8⋅ e 
 ECUACIONES Ing. Rolando Menacho S.
DIFERENCIALES
EXAMEN FINAL

Solución d
t
⌠
  3 ⋅ e2⋅ t−2⋅ τ − 2 ⋅ e3⋅ t−3⋅ τ e3⋅ t−3⋅ τ − e2⋅ t−2⋅ τ  0
  ⋅   ⋅ e5τ dτ
xf ( t ) = 
 2⋅ t−2⋅ τ  
 3⋅ t−3⋅ τ 3⋅ t− 3⋅ τ 2⋅ t−2⋅ τ   1 
⌡  6⋅ e − 6⋅ e 3⋅ e − 2⋅ e 
0

 e2⋅ t e3⋅ t e5⋅ t 

 − + 
xf ( t ) =  3 2 6 
 2⋅ t 3⋅ t 5⋅ t 
 2⋅ e − 3⋅ e + 5⋅ e 
 3 2 6 

 e2⋅ t e3⋅ t e5⋅ t   5 ⋅ e3⋅ t 11⋅ e2⋅ t e

5⋅ t 
 3 ⋅ e3⋅ t − 4 ⋅ e2⋅ t   − +   − + 
x( t ) =   +  3 2 6   2 3 6 
 3⋅ t 2⋅ t   5⋅ t   5⋅ t 
=
2⋅ t 3⋅ t 3⋅ t 2⋅ t
 9 ⋅ e − 8 ⋅ e   2⋅ e − 3 ⋅ e + 5 ⋅ e   15⋅ e − 22⋅ e + 5⋅ e

 3 2 6   2 3 6 

 5⋅ e3⋅ t 11⋅ e2⋅ t e

5⋅ t 
 − + 
y  2 3 6 
x( t ) =    5⋅ t 
=
 y'  3⋅ t 2⋅ t
 15⋅ e − 22⋅ e + 5⋅ e

 2 3 6 
 ECUACIONES Ing. Rolando Menacho S.
DIFERENCIALES
EXAMEN FINAL

 x1'   0 1   x1   0  5t  −1 
SOLUCION 5:   =   ⋅   +   ⋅ e x( 0 ) =  
 x2'   −6 5   x2   1  1

 s−5 1 
 
 s2 − 5 ⋅ s + 6 s − 5⋅ s + 6 
2
 s 0  −  0 1  =  s −1  −1  
( s⋅ I − A) =       ( s⋅ I − A) 1 s
− 
=
 0 s   −6 5   6 s − 5 
 s2 5⋅ s  s2 5⋅ s 
 6 − 6 + 1 6 ⋅  6 − 6 + 1 
 0    
 −1 
F( s) =  1  x( 0 ) =  
  1
s−5
 −1 
x( 0 ) + F( s) =  s − 4 
−1
x( s) = ( s⋅ I − A) ( x( 0 ) + F( s) )
 
s−5

 5 − 11 + 1   5 ⋅ e3t − 11 ⋅ e2t + 1 ⋅ e5t 

 2 ⋅ s − 6 3 ⋅ s − 6 6⋅ s − 30   2 3 6 
x( s) =   x( t ) =  
 15 − 22 + 5
  15 ⋅ e3t − 22 ⋅ e2t + 5 ⋅ e5t 
 2 ⋅ s − 6 3 ⋅ s − 6 6⋅ s − 30   2 3 5 