Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
Schools Division of Ilocos Sur
NARVACAN NATIONAL CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL

Self-Learning Kit for

Junior High School Learners

MATTER:
Pure Substances

Grade Level: 9 - Special Science Class

Subject: CONSUMER CHEMISTRY
First Quarter – SLK #4

Most Essential Learning Competency

Differentiate a compound from an element.
 W HAT I NEED TO KNOW

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After studying this self-learning kit, the student should be able to:

1. Distinguish between elements and compounds.

2. Identify and group the elements based on their properties.

3. Determine the common elements and compounds and their uses.

THINK ABOUT THIS

SHORT DISCUSSION

What Are You Made of?

If you look at your hand, what do you see? Of course, you
see skin, which consists of cells. But what are skin cells
made of? Like all living cells, they are made of matter. In
fact, all things are made of matter. Matter is anything that
takes up space and has mass. Matter, in turn, is made up
of chemical substances. A chemical substance is a matter
that has a definite composition and the same composition
throughout. A chemical substance may be either
an element or a compound.

An element is a pure substance. It cannot be broken down into other types of substances.
Each element is made up of just one type of atom.
A compound is a unique substance that consists of two or more elements combined in
fixed proportions. This means that the composition of a compound is always the same. The
smallest particle of most compounds in living things is called a molecule.
Elements and Compounds
 Watch this video for a brief introduction to elements.
https://youtu.be/VOQzWLeZoEc
An element is the simplest substance. A list of the elements can be found on the periodic table of
elements. Elements contain only one kind of atom. Gold is an element. If you had a bar of gold and you
kept breaking it down into smaller and smaller pieces, it would still be gold. Gold is made of nothing but
gold.
All elements are represented by a chemical symbol. The chemical symbol is one, two, or three
letters. The same chemical symbols are used by scientists all over the world. The first letter of the
chemical symbol is always capitalized. Other letters in the symbol are written as lower case. For example,
the symbol for hydrogen is H, and the symbol for Sodium is Na.

Every element has a

unique set of properties that can be used to identify the element. These characteristics are the
same no matter what amount of the element is present. These properties include boiling point,
melting point, density, and reactivity.
Look at the elements in the table below. You are probably familiar with these elements. These three
elements have some similar properties, but each element can be identified by its unique set of properties.

PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

Each element name is represented by an element symbol. It could be…
 the capitalized first letter of the name of the element in English, Latin, or German. For
example…
o C for carbon
o K for kalium (potassium in Latin)
o W for wolfram (tungsten in German)
 the capitalized first letter followed by another lowercase letter from the name of the element in
English or Latin. For example…
o Si for silicon
o Sn for stannum (tin in Latin)
 Two numbers are usually added to each cell.

 The atomic number is the number of protons inside the nucleus of an atom. It is

represented by the symbol Z in equations because Z is the first letter in the word atomic
number (definitely not true). Each element can be identified from this number alone. It is
always a whole number greater than zero when used to identify an element. The atomic
number can also be applied to things like electrons and isolated neutrons in nuclear
reactions. In these situations, electrons get Z = −1 and neutrons get Z = 0. This topic is
discussed across several sections of this book.

 The atomic mass is the mass of the average nucleus in an element and is stated in atomic
mass units (1 u = 1.66× 10−27 kg). It is represented by the symbol A in equations
because A is the first letter in the word atomic mass (probably true, but who knows). This
number is roughly equal to the total number of protons and neutrons in the typical nucleus
of an element. By definition, this number is exactly equal to the number of protons and
neutrons in the nucleus of your garden variety carbon atom — carbon 12 as it's called,
which has a nucleus with 6 protons and 6 neutrons and a mass of exactly 12 u. 
 In general, elements in the same group on the periodic table have similar chemical
behavior. There are 18 numbered groups. 

The elements known so far cover seven periods. More periods can be added as heavier
elements are synthesized. Element 119, ununennium (Uue), will start period 8 whenever it's
discovered.
 METALS, NONMETALS, METALLOIDS

Watch
this video for more information:
https://youtu.be/TIxiDESxc0I
A compound is a pure substance made up of two or more elements that are chemically
combined. Elements combine by reacting, or undergoing a chemical change, with one another.
Compounds are represented by chemical formulas. Chemical formulas are a combination
of the element symbols that make up that compound. For example, table salt is a compound
made of the elements sodium and chloride. The chemical formula for salt is NaCl.
A compound has different properties from the elements that form it. For example, the
compound sugar contains the elements oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen. The chart below shows
the properties of oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen.

When these elements combine in the appropriate ratios to form the compound sugar, their
properties are not the same at all. The properties of sugar are a sweet, white, crystalline solid. A
totally new substance is created even though it contains the elements carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen.
 Elements do not randomly join to form
compounds. Compounds are formed when elements
join together in a specific ratio. The ratio is always the same
for the compound. For example, you know that water is
made up of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom. Every
molecule of water is made up of exactly 2 hydrogen atoms and
1 oxygen atom. If the ratio were different, it would be a
different compound. For example, if there were 2 hydrogen
atoms and 2 oxygen atoms, this would be a molecule of hydrogen peroxide. These two
compounds only differ by one oxygen atom, yet they have very different properties as seen in the
table below.

Visualizing the
Differences
 LET ME TRY THIS

ACTIVITIES / EXERCISES

ACTIVITY 1

Directions: Directions: Answer the questions with the proper information using your notes, book,
and the periodic table.
1. Define a family.
2. What is a period?
3. What is the symbol for the following elements.
a. Magnesium b. Potassium
c. Iron d. Copper
4. What are the names of the following elements.
a. C b. Cl
c. Au d. Sr
5. What period are the following elements in?
a. He b. Ge
c. Rb d. I
6. What group are the following elements?
a. Sulfur b. Ca
c. Iodine d. Fe

7. Give me an atom with the following characteristics.

a. Halogen b. Chalogen
c. Alkali metal d. Boron
e. Lanthanide series f. Alkaline Earth metal
g. Transition metal h. Nobel gas
 ACTIVITY 2
Directions: Directions: Use your Periodic table to complete the worksheet.
1. What is the atomic symbol for silver?

2. What is the atomic mass of mercury?

3. Ni is the symbol for what element?

4. The element that has the atomic number 17 is?

5. List the symbols for two transition metals.

6. Cu, Ag, and Au are all in what group #

7. Name two noble gases

8. Give the symbol for two halogens.

9. What is the symbol for element with atomic number 74?

10. What is the atomic mass of copper?

11. What is the last element in period 4?

For questions 12 - 15, label the following Key box as it should appear on your periodic table