Anatomy and embryology

more closely related groups of species have more recent common

ancestors, and each group will tend to share features that were
present in its last common ancestor. We can use this idea to "work
backwards" and figure out how organisms are related based on their
shared features.

Homologous features
If two or more species share a unique physical feature, such as a
complex bone structure or a body plan, they may all have inherited
this feature from a common ancestor. Physical features shared due to
evolutionary history (a common ancestor) are said to be
homologous.
Experimentation
- Experimental evolution (EE) explores the microevolutionary dynamics underlying these
processes by studying populations across multiple generations under controlled
conditions
- Evolution may be observed in the laboratory as individuals/populations
adapt to new environmental conditions by natural selection.
- Experimental evolution is the use of laboratory or controlled field
manipulations to investigate evolutionary processes. It usually makes use
of organisms with rapid generation times and small physical size, often
microbes, to observe phenomena that in large multicellular organisms
occur too slowly.
Fossils
- Dig and discovered by experts
- Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals, plants, and other
organisms from the past. Fossils are important evidence for evolution
because they show that life on earth was once different from life found on
earth today.
Embryological Evidence
- Embryos of different vertebrates appear similar during the initial stages of
development and these similarities gradually decrease as the embryo develops.
- For example, vestigial structures such as tails or gills in humans can be
found in embryos early during their development.
- Embryos and the development of embryos of various species within a class are
similar even if their adult forms look nothing alike.
Anatomical Evidence
- Body structures
Genetics
- is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living
organisms
- Evolutionary genetics is the study of how genetic variation leads to
evolutionary change. It includes topics such as the evolution of genome
structure, the genetic basis of speciation and adaptation, and genetic change in
response to selection within populations
Human evolution is the lengthy process of change by which people originated from
apelike ancestors. Scientific evidence shows that the physical and behavioral traits
shared by all people originated from apelike ancestors and evolved over a period of
approximately six million years.