TODAY

PED - PETA 1
TFN – NARRATIVE REPORT/PPT

ANXIETY
DISJUNCTIVE
EMPHATY
DETRIMENT
EUPHORIA

ANXIETY (2ND Type of Tension)

 Anxiety is associated with cautious and avoidant behaviors in response to anticipated threats.
 Anxiety involves no consistent actions to relieve it because it is more diffuse and uncertain.
 It is the chief disruptive force blocking the development of healthy interpersonal relations

How does anxiety originate?

 Sullivan (1953b) asserts that it is transmitted from the parent to the infant via the process of
empathy.

What does anxiety produce to people?

(1) Prevent people from learning from  their mistakes. When people are anxious, mistakes may
happen more frequently.
(2) Keep people pursuing a childish wish for security, (Security operations serve to maintain our sense of
self-esteem, or self-respect)
(3) Generally,  ensure that people will not learn from their experiences.

Sullivan distinguished anxiety from fear in a variety of ways:

First. Anxiety arises mainly from complex interpersonal situations and is only vaguely represented in
awareness; fear, on the other hand, is more clearly discernible and its origins are more easily identified.
Second. Anxiety has no positive value.
Third. Anxiety blocks the satisfaction of needs, whereas fear sometimes helps people satisfy certain
needs.

State of euphoria, or complete lack of tension. Sullivan (1954) summarized this concept by stating simply
that “the presence of anxiety is much worse than its absence”
ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS
 Tensions that are transformed into actions.

OVERT ACTIONS/BEHAVIORS; many take the form of emotions, thoughts.

COVERT ACTION/BEHAVIORS; that can be hidden from other people.
TRAN

EMPHATY - Empathy is the ability to share another person's feelings and emotions as if they were your
own.

REF: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/empathy

EUPHORIA - Euphoria is a feeling of intense happiness and excitement.

Empathy
Empathy is the ability to share another person's feelings and emotions as if they were your own.
3 results of behavior due to anxiety
(1) prevent people from learning from their mistakes.
(2) keep people pursuing a childish wish for security.
(3) generally, ensure that people will not learn from their experiences.
Euphoria
Euphoria is a feeling of intense happiness and excitement.
3 definitions of anxiety distinguished from fear according to Sullivan

In other words, a sense of security, the alternative to anxiety, can be obtained only through
relationships that provide the child with tenderness and empathy.

Since anxiety is painful, people naturally prefer the state of euphoria, or complete lack of
tension.

Anxiety, mostly results from complicated interpersonal situations and is only

obscurely represented in awareness.
Fear, on the other hand, is more easily recognizable
, and has easier-to-trace origins.

Sullivan's Interpersonal Psychology

What is the Difference Between Overt and Covert
Sullivan: Interpersonal Theory

Covert behavior is defined as something that is not observable.