Mathematics

Entry 3

Learning Resource 20
Presenting Data

HD1/E3.3 HD1/E3.4
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Contents

Using Tally Charts HD1/E3.3 Pages 2 - 5

Presenting Data in a Table HD1/E3.4 Pages 6 - 8

Presenting Data in a Bar Chart HD1/E3.4 Pages 9 - 12

Presenting Data in a Diagram HD1/E3.4 Pages 13 - 14

Using a Simple Scale HD1/E3.4 Pages 15 - 17

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Information Using Tally Charts

A tally is a way of recording data and is simple to use.

It is used to count data. For example, counting the number of red cars driving passed the
college.

The first red car counted is recorded as a line, like this: I

When the 2nd red car is counted, another line is drawn: II

3rd car : III

4th car : IIII

When the 5th car is counted, a tally gate like this is made: I I I I

For every 5th car we create a gate.

This method counts in 5s. So, if 22 red cars were counted in total, the data would look like
this:

IIII IIII IIII IIII II

Example 1

34 birds were counted on a nature walk. The tally chart looks like this:

IIII IIII IIII IIII IIII IIII IIII

Example 2

People in a maths class were asked for their shoe sizes. Here are the results:

Size 5 IIII =4
Size 6 IIII =5
Size 7 I =1
Size 8 =0
Size 9 IIII II =7
Size 10 III =3

Data is easy to compare using tally.

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Exercise 1 Using Tally Charts

Selina is going to take a survey of 25 people to see if they own a car. The answer will be
either yes or no.

Selina needs to use a form to collect the information. Design your own form, similar to
this:

Survey to find out if most people own a car, or most

people don’t own a car.

Own a car

Don’t own a car

Find 25 people to ask if they own a car. You need to record each of the 25 answers in one
of the boxes above. Each answer should be recorded as a line towards a five bar gate or
a tally mark. Make sure you record each mark in the correct box.

Count the tally marks in each box and record the totals for each answer.

Total number of people who own a car:

Total number of people who do not own a car:

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Exercise 2 Using Tally Charts

Jack does a newspaper round for the local newsagent. The newsagent asks Jack to help
him decide which newspapers he should stock. Jack needs to do a survey and he decides
to ask two questions:

1) Do you read at least one newspaper, most weeks?

2) If yes to the first question, which paper(s) do you read?

The second question is a bit more difficult than the first one. Not only are there quite a few
possible answers but also some people may read more than one newspaper and they will
all have to be recorded.

Can you do the same survey?

Find out which newspapers are available locally.

Prepare a record sheet to record the answers. This should have a ‘yes’ and ‘no’ section to
record the answers to the first question.

Prepare a list of the newspapers which you think people may read, with an ‘other’ category
for the second question. - someone may read a newspaper you haven’t thought about.

Ask 30 people and record their answers using the tally system.

Add up the answers and decide which are the most popular newspapers.

Think about how easy it was to collect the information.

How many people gave you answers which you recorded in the ‘other’ category?

If it was more than 5, how could you have designed the recording sheet so that less
people gave answers which went into the ‘other’ category?

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Exercise 3 Using Tally Charts

Get hold of a magazine giving details of TV programmes. Select a category of

programme. Some examples:

Gardening Cookery DIY Sport Soaps

Go through all five main channels for the week and record how many of your type of
programme there are on each of the five channels.

Make a recording sheet:

Recording sheet Totals

BBC1

BBC2

ITV

Channel 4

Channel 5

Work your way through the channels and the days of the week, putting a tally mark against
the correct channel each time you find a programme which is in your category.

Add up the tally marks against each channel and put the total in the box at the end.

1) Which channel provides the most programmes in your category?

2) Did you add up in 5’s? Yes/No

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Information Presenting Data in a Table

A table is a method of presenting data in a format which is easy to read. We use tables to
find out information. Tables are used to show all types of information.

A sports centre has a timetable showing when different activities take place. A teacher
has a timetable showing when, where and who they are teaching. A learner has a
timetable showing when they have lessons. Buses and trains have timetables so we can
tell what time to expect them to arrive or depart.

Example 1

Below is a table showing bus times (a timetable) from Castle Square to the bus station.

Bus No 28
Castle Square 9:00 9:15 9:30 10:00 10:15 10:30
View Road 9:05 9:20 9:35 10:05 10:20 10:35
Abbey Road 9:16 9:31 9:44 10:16 10:31 10:44
Smith Street 9:28 9:43 9:56 10:28 10:43 10:56
Bus station 9:40 9:55 10:08 10:40 10:55 11:08

Alison needs to get to the bus station by 10.00 am and she lives on View Road. What bus
should she catch?

There is a bus which arrives at the station at 9:55, so Alison could catch the 9.20 am bus
from View Road.

Example 2

Below is a leaflet, produced by the police in Shackleton, detailing the latest crime
information.

Crimes in Shackleton in 2009

Crime West Shackleton Innsby Huckland

Car crime 25 21 34
Burglary 33 35 44
Assault 12 6 14
Other 4 2 8

To see which area has had the highest number of car crimes, look along car crimes row. It
is easy to see that more car crimes have been carried out in Huckland than Innsby.

To see where the most burglaries have been committed look along the row for burglaries.
It is clear that there have been more burglaries in Huckland than in West Shackleton.

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Exercise 4 Presenting Data in a Table

Here is some information about weekend activities in DALE’S FITNESS CENTRE.

1) Enter this information in the timetable below?

Boxing training beginners Saturday 10.00 – 11.00

Boxing training advanced Saturday 11.00 – 12.00
Yoga Sunday 10.00 – 11.00
Yoga Sunday 11.00 – 12.00
Aerobics beginners Saturday 13.00 – 14.00
Aerobics advanced Saturday 14.00 – 15.00
Aerobics beginners Sunday 14.00 – 15.00
Aerobics advanced Sunday 15.00 – 16.00
Circuit training Saturday 09.00 – 10.00
Circuit training Sunday 09.00 – 10.00
Judo Sunday 13.00 – 14.00

Times Activities on Saturday Activities on Sunday

09.00 – 10.00

10.00 – 11.00

11.00 – 12.00

12.00 – 13.00

13.00 – 14.00

14.00 – 15.00

15.00 – 16.00

2) What title would you give this timetable?

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Information Presenting Data in a Bar Chart

A bar chart is a way of presenting data. It is easy to compare data in a bar chart using the
data from either a tally chart or a table.

The bar chart must have the following:

 a title (explains the data that is being presented)
 a label on each axis (vertical & horizontal lines) to specify the data
 the numbers on the vertical axis must start at 0
 the numbers up the vertical axis must be the same width apart and go up in regular
amounts e.g. 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 OR 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 etc.

Example 1
1) This bar chart shows how much a family spend on gas in a year.

The data for the bar chart

was obtained from the table
below.

Quarter of Amount of bill

the year in £s
1st 40
2nd 55
3rd 40
4th 100

The bar chart is simply another method of showing the same information that is in the
table. It is easy to compare data using a bar chart.

Example 2 Presenting Data in a Bar Chart

This tally chart and bar chart show the same information - the different coloured cars in a
small car park.
Colour of Tally Total
cars
Red IIII IIII IIII 16
I
Blue IIII IIII IIII 22
IIII II
White IIII IIII I 11
Other IIII IIII 10

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Exercise 5 Presenting Data in a Bar Chart

Ella asked 20 children in her class if they had a packed lunch or a school dinner.
These are the results she got.

Number of children having packed lunches 12

Number of children having school dinners 8

12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Packed lunches School dinners

1) Draw in the bar by the side of the label ‘packed lunches’. Make sure the bar shows
the correct number from the survey.

2) Draw in the bar by the side of the label ‘school dinners’. This bar should also show
the correct number from the survey.

3) Put a label by the y axis (the one going up) to explain what the numbers mean.

4) Put a suitable title on the bar graph.

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Exercise 6 Presenting Data in a Bar Chart

These are the results of a survey in which people had to choose which was their favourite
TV programme.

News 4
Drama 6
Soaps 13
Sport 10
Documentary 4
Music 3

Draw a bar chart to represent these results.

Decide how many bars there will be on your chart.

Decide how wide each bar will be and draw x axis long enough to take all the bars.

Look at the category with the largest number of people and make sure the y axis is long
enough to take that number.

Label each axis and give the chart a title.

Choose from the following:

Number of people Number of programmes

Number of days Types of programmes

People chosen Days chosen

A bar chart showing favourite TV programmes

A bar chart showing the number of programmes shown each week

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Information Presenting Data in a Diagram

We can present different data in a number of ways. One of these ways is to use diagrams.

Diagrams are only suitable for certain types of information. For example, it may be easier
to follow a diagram than read a set of instructions.

Diagrams may be pictures or they can be flow charts using boxes and arrows. A flow
chart describes in words a series of operations. Arrows are used to show direction and
boxes show different stages.

Example

This is a flow chart explaining how to make a cup of tea.

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Exercise 7 Presenting Data in a Diagram

Sasha is going to assemble a flat-pack cabinet. There are two sets of instructions
outlining the steps she should take to build the cabinet.

How to assemble a small cabinet

Set A Set B

Attach door Lay panels out

Fix 3 side panels to

base panel Fix 3 side panels to
base panel

Lay panels out

Fit top panel to side
panels

Fit top panel to side Attach door

panels

1) One set of instructions is not in the correct order. Which set of instructions is
correct?

Set A or Set B

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Information Using a Simple Scale

Scales are used on a bar chart to ensure all the data fits onto the axis. Charts are usually
drawn on graph paper so the information can be read accurately.

To create a scale, the numbers you use must go up at regular intervals and must start at 0:

e.g. 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 etc

0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 etc

Example 1

1) This is the information from a survey of the coloured cars in a car park.

Colour of Tally Total

cars
Red IIII IIII IIII I 16
Blue IIII IIII IIII IIII II 22
White IIII IIII I 11
Other IIII IIII 10

There are 4 colours to record on the horizontal axis so this axis needs to be divided into 4
equal parts and labelled with the colours used.

The number of cars will be shown on the vertical axis. The maximum number of cars in
any one colour is 22. The scale selected must include this number and use sensible and
equal intervals between the numbers e.g.

5, 10, 15, 20, 25 is an appropriate scale for this data.

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Example 2 Using a Simple Scale

The data below shows how often employees use their work’s canteen.

Use of canteen Number of employees

Breakfast 37
Cold lunch 42
Hot lunch 21
Drink only 11
Don’t use the canteen 26

There are 5 data categories for the horizontal axis, so this axis will be divided into 5 equal
parts.

The maximum number of employees in the table is 42, so the scale on the vertical axis
needs to go from 0 to at least 42. If a scale of 5 is used, the intervals will be 5, 10, 15, 20,
25, 30, 35, 40, 45.

The completed bar chart will look like this:

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Exercise 8 Using a Simple Scale

1) Daisy runs a busy café and wants to find out how many customers come each day.

The results of her survey are in the table below.

Day of the Week Number of Customers

Monday 84
Tuesday 103
Wednesday 120
Thursday 135
Friday 144

Complete a bar chart to show the information Daisy has collected.

Use graph paper and select a scale that can be easily read.

2) Daisy decides to find out which are the most popular sandwiches sold in her café on
the busiest day.

The table below shows the results of her survey.

Type of Sandwich Number sold

Cheese 37
Ham 18
Egg Salad 9
Chicken Mayo 22
Tuna 12

Complete a bar chart to show the information.

Use graph paper and select a scale that can be
easily read.

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