MEDIA AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY M8

Reblando,Eya Kayte C. Grant N. Armamento

HUMSS-12 Legal Management
Activity 1
1.FALSE
2.TRUE
3.TRUE
4.FALSE
5.TRUE

Activity 2
1. The Intellectual Property Code is a unique piece of legislation. The act of plagiarism,
when it amounts to copyright infringement, is punishable by 3-6 years in prison and a fine
of P50,000-P150,000 under the IPC. However, the penalty is increased under the
Cybercrime Prevention Act.
2.Everyone (including serial plagiarists) is aware of what it is. Simply put, it is stealing
someone else's idea and claiming it as your own. It amounts to intellectual theft. It is a
violation of the commandment "Thou shalt not steal."
3. We can get away from society for a while, but we can never get away from culture.
Because our behavior and actions are all influenced by the culture in which we were raised.
That is why we are unable to escape culture. The way we act and behave is influenced by
our culture, and what we consider to be right is based on our norm.
Our parents instilled in us the values they held dear. We consciously and unconsciously
learned this culture from them as we grew. The culture of our family or the person who
raised us is already inside us and we can't get away from it.

Activity 3
1.
Country Report
Journalists in the Philippines
Edson C. Tandoc Jr., Nanyang Technological University Singapore
28 July, 2016
Background of Journalists
The typical journalist in the Philippines is about 38 years old and holds a university
degree in journalism or communication. Of the 325 interviewed journalists, 166
were women, or 51.1 percent of the overall sample. The average age was 37.86 years
old (s=10.68) and half of the journalists were younger than 37 years. Filipino
journalists are also well-educated: 74.6 percent have a university degree while 18.3
percent have a master’s degree. Another 5.5 percent had undertaken some
university studies but did not complete their degrees. Of those respondents who
held a university degree, the majority (73.8%) specialized in communication or
journalism: 44.8 percent had specialized in journalism, 17.0 percent had studied in
another communication field, and 12.0 percent had specialized in both journalism
and communication.
Journalists in the Newsroom
The majority of journalists interviewed in the Philippines held a full-time position
(87.1%). Some 3.5 percent had part-time employment while 6.7 percent worked as a
freelance journalist. Of those with full or part-time employment, 94.8 percent had
permanent positions while 5.2 percent worked on a temporary contract.
Filipino journalists tend to have long journalism experience. On average, they had
worked as journalists for 14.10 years (s=9.13), and about half of them had more
than 13 years of professional experience. Most journalists worked on various topics
and subjects (53.6%) while the remaining 46.4 percent worked on specific desks or
beats, such as politics, crime, or business. On the average, Filipino journalists
worked for 1.36 newsrooms (s=1.77) and 38.3 percent of them had additional jobs
outside journalism. The majority of the interviewed journalists were also members
of a professional association (62.1%).
The biggest group of the journalists in the survey worked for print media: 45.3
percent worked at daily newspapers and 1.1 percent at weekly newspapers. The
next biggest group in the sample was the online journalists: 16.0 percent worked at
online outlets of either a newspaper or a television company while 12.6 percent
worked at online-only outlets. Another 18.9 percent worked at television companies,
and 5.2 percent worked at radio stations.
2.
Sotto on plagiarism allegations: Translating isn't copying
MANILA, Philippines — Senate President Vicente “Tito” Sotto III on Tuesday continued to
deny allegations of plagiarism, almost six years after he was accused of copying from the
late US Sen. Robert Kennedy for a speech.
In an interview with Rappler, Sotto once again blamed reproductive health advocates for
criticism he received back then.
“The issue on plagiarism was a strategy of those, particularly people connected with
International Planned Parenthood [Federation]. If you look at the journal of the Senate,
from that time up to the present, there’s nothing that would fall in the category of
plagiarism,” he said.
He claimed that when delivering his speeches, he always says that he is “not a scientist, not
a  doctor.”
“They refuse to listen to that and just claim that I got it from a book, from this or probably
an inspirational message that was used by Senator [Robert F.] Kennedy. They say I
plagiarized that. Of course not,” Sotto said.
In September 2012, Sotto was accused of lifting portions of a Kennedy speech in 1966 when
he delivered the final part of his opposition to the RH bill in Filipino. The late senator's
daughter, Kerry, demanded a public apology from Sotto.
Sotto once again defended himself by insisting that translating is not copying.
“It was an inspirational message coming from a pastor that was used by Americans and if
we use it and translate it to Tagalog, there’s nothing wrong with that. That’s not
plagiarism,” he said.
The Senate president went on: “Because if you think that’s plagiarism, then you must think
that ‘Bayang Magiliw’ is plagiarized because it was originally in Spanish. And somebody
changed it into English and somebody translated it into Tagalog unofficially. So, is that
plagiarism?”
Versions of the Philippine national anthem exist in Spanish (1899), in English (1938), and
Filipino (1958).  Guidelines on how and when it should be sung are in Republic Act No.
8491, which was enacted in 1998.
Not the first plagiarism charge
It was not the first time that he was accused of plagiarism.
In August of the same year, netizens pointed out that the explanations presented during
the first part of his turno en contra speech were copied almost exactly from an article of a
blogger Sarah Pope.
He also allegedly plagiarized in his anti-RH bill speeches the online works of bloggers Janice
Formichella and Peter Engelman.
A complaint against Sotto was filed before the Senate ethics committee.
In an advisory opinion in 2012, the Department of Justice said that plagiarism is punishable
under the Cybercrime Prevention Act only if it corresponds to a copyright infringement
under the Intellectual Property Code.
‘Bayang Magiliw’ gaffe
Aside from Sotto’s renewed defense of his plagiarism scandal, Sotto’s referring of the
country’s national anthem as “Bayang Magiliw” instead of its actual title “Lupang Hinirang”
also incensed social media users.
“Bayang Magiliw” is the first line of the national anthem.
Here are some online reactions to Sotto’s latest blunder:
 
MS. TAPIA: Class, what's the title of our national anthem?

REDFORD WHITE: Lupang Hinirang po, ma'am.

TITO ESCALERA: Bobo! Bayang Magiliw yun!

...after graduating with a bachelor's degree in plagiarism, Tito Escalera pursued a career in
politics and is now the senate president.
— R.D. "ToB" Medrano (@Istrayber) May 22, 2018
 
He calls Shakespeare a "comedian."
He claims translation is not plagiarism.
He calls our national anthem "Bayang Magiliw."

Ladies & gentlemen,

your new Senate President.
— jo (@kireinasureto) May 23, 2018
Activity 5
1.
Patents
A patent is given to an inventor after he or she has invented something novel so that no
one else can legally use the idea. Patenting is designed to promote inventors who have
invented something that’s not only unique but also of use to society. In the U.S., the Patent
and Trademark Office (USPTO) hands out a patent only for an invention that meets set
criteria.
Why There is Copyright?
The main aims of copyright laws are to offer protection to the effort, time, and creativity of
someone’s creation. Once work is covered by copyright the owner has the right to
reproduce it, expand and add to it, sell or lease it, and if the person is a musician play the
work publicly and it can be displayed if its artwork. He or she can also transfer their rights
over the copyrighted product to anyone else they choose. There are exclusions from
copyrighting a creative work and that’s if the creator has been paid to do it as part of being
employed by somebody else. For example, if a person is employed to write articles about a
company, the copyright owner is the owner, not the writer.
Trademarks
Trademarks are allocated for logos and symbols that are unique to a company or product.
Some businesses want customers to remember their products so they develop a unique
symbol or other identifying marks that make the product stand out from the rest.
A trademark not only gives the trademark owner the exclusive right to make use of their
unique mark, but it also allows the owner to prevent others from using a mark that’s the
same or similar which means a potential customer can easily recognize the trademark. This
doesn’t mean another company can’t sell the same product but they just can’t use the
same trademark. For example, anyone can cook and sell a beef burger on a sidewalk stall
but they can’t use the McDonald’s logo to market it. Rights to use a mark are established by
the company using the mark in a business or commercial setting. In the USA, it’s not
compulsory to register a trademark, but in order to be better protected from potential
thieves registering it with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office is desirable.
2.Economic rights allow right owners to derive financial reward from the use of their works
by others. Moral rights allow authors and creators to take certain actions to preserve and
protect their link with their work.
3.The term "Creative Commons" can also refer to the organization's licenses. In contrast,
public domain means that any work placed in it can be used by anyone and for any
purpose. The license also removes any copyright restrictions, unless special circumstances
apply, such as when the owner retains residual rights.
4.Plagiarism is (uncountable) the act of plagiarizing: the copying of another person's ideas,
text, or other creative work and presenting it as one's own, especially without permission,
whereas privacy is the state of not being seen by others.
5. Infringement is defined as the unauthorized use of a copyrighted work that infringes on
one or more of the copyright holder's exclusive rights. Fair use refers to unauthorized use
that, despite infringing on the rights of the copyright holder, is not considered infringement
under the law.
ACTIVITY 6
1.Everyone has the right to have his moral and material interests protected as a result of
any scientific, literary, or artistic production of which he is the author.
2.Without fair use, an author or creator would have to seek permission from the copyright
holder before using copyrighted content in a critical process, such as a book or music
review. Because the copyright holder is unlikely to want to be criticized, this type of
situation could result in censorship.