World Wine Regions:

their conservation, grape varieties and wine tipicity

The main goal is the knowledge of wine world's ecosystems, of

course not easily summarized in a report. Basically we'll talk about
“terroirs.

The definition of “terroir” includes natural factors (grape variety,

climate, soil) and anthropogenic ones (winepractices and
winemaking).

The O.I.V. statistics are refered to seventy countries of wine

producers, while were excluded a dozen minor countries.
 World Wine Regions:
their conservation, grape varieties and wine tipicity

A vine is considered “International” if it is grown in at least 3 countries.

The study found that in 9 countries of Western Europe 592 international

varieties are grown, with an average of 65.8 vines per country, while in 21
countries of Eastern Europe will grow 510 varieties, with an average
range of 24.2 to the country.

In two countries (including two big states) of North America will grow 58
varieties (average of 29 per country) and in 11 countries of South America
are cultivated 149 varieties (average of 13.5 vines per country).
World Wine Regions
World Wine Regions
World Wine Regions
World Wine Regions
 World Wine Regions

An examination of the number of varieties cultivated in the countrie shows

that:

Italy has 200 accessions (plus a few thousand indigenous).

France follows with 87 varieties (in the national catalog are 228).
Australia 85, Spain 63, Portugal 58, Argentina 56, Ukraine 55, Croatia 51.
Hungary 50, Germany 49, the U.S. and South Africa 46, Turkey 43.

The distribution of the vines grown on the two hemispheres shows that
1,353 vines are grown in the northern hemisphere, while the southern
hemisphere there are only 286 varieties, almost all of European origin.

This reveals a great poverty of the genetic heritage of the southern

hemisphere.
 World Wine Regions
The varieties which can be considered truly indigenous are those obtained
from seed (Pais, Criolla, Cereza), as the Mission in California and then
brought them back to the earliest period of Spanish colonization of Latin
America.

The two Argentine varieties of Torrontes are actually Morrastrel or

Malvasia.

In southern Africa we can be considered native the Pinotage (due to

crossover).
 The world's most cultivated varieties
Considering the variety present in at least three countries, the study highlighted
that 59 are the most cultivated grapes in the world.

Predictably, the Cabernet Sauvignon is present in 43 countries (63 in all),

representing a rate of 68.2% of the countries that grow it.
After the white Muscat with 34 admissions (54% of countries), the Riesling with
33 admissions (52.4% of countries), Sauvignon with 31 appearances (49.2% of
countries), Pinot Noir with 30 appearances (47.6% of countries), Chardonnay
with 29 appearances (46% of countries), Merlot with 27 admissions (42.8% of
countries), Cabernet Franc with 24 appearances (38% of countries), the always
Semillon with 24 appearances (38%), Riesling Italico with 21 admissions (33.3%
of countries), the Gewürztraminer 19 (31.7%), the Sylvaner 18 (28.6%), Pinot
Gris 18 (28 , 6%), Pinot Blanc 17 (27%), Grenache 16 (25.3%), Müller Thurgau
15 (23.8%), Syrah 15 (23.8%), Carignan 14 (22 , 2%), Chenin blanc 13 (20.6%),
Trebbiano Toscano 13 (20.6%).
 The world's most cultivated varieties
The findings were predictable because these varieties are considered
“International".

They are followed by a series of 38 varieties with less than 12 admissions (19% of
countries) which can be considered intermediate, as they have a spread of less
than 20% of countries surveyed, which should not be underestimated.

However it must be emphasized that 21 varieties are the most common platform
in the wine countries of the world and that it is gradually expanding as the
surface, with the danger of uniformity in the quality of wines and the reduction of
genetic biodiversity.
However, even 59 varieties worldwide are really trivial in the face of international
heritage varieties of Vitis vinifera estimated at 10,252 accessions from Alleweldt
and Dettweiler (1994) and in 9600 by Galet (2000) that according to these authors
account for 99% World wine production in the set.

We must also remember that many varieties are at risk of disappearing because
cultivated on a few hectares of vineyard.
 The world's most cultivated varieties
(>10)
INTERNATIONAL VINES (N° Countries)
VITIGNI INTERNAZIONALI (N° PAESI)

Cabernet Sauvignon 43 Müller Thurgau 15

Moscato b. 34 Syrah 15
Riesling renano 33 Carignan 14
Sauvignon 31 Chenin blanc 13
Pinot nero 30 Trebbiano toscano 13
Chardonnay 29 Gamay 13
Merlot 27 Rkatziteli 12
Semillon 24 Malbec (Cot) 11
Cabernet franc 24 Alicante Bouschet 11
Riesling italico 21 Barbera 11
Traminer aromatico 19 Saperavi 11
Pinot grigio 18 Petit Verdot 11
Sylvaner 18 Mourvèdre 11
Pinot bianco 17 Muscat Ottonel 10
Grenache (Cannonau) 16
 The world’s most cultivated varieties
(<10)
Moscato di Alessandria (Zibibbo) 9 Palomino 5
Aleatico 9 Colombard 5
Isabella 9 Sauvignonasse (Friulano) 5
Cinsaut 9 Feteasca (alba e regala) 5
Clairette 8 Viognier 5
Chasselas 8 Tempranillo 4
Portugais 8 Pedro Ximènes 4
Primitivo (Zinfandel) 8 Grenache blanc 4
Plavac o Plavaj 7 Veltliner 4
Kadarka 7 Muscadelle 4
Malvasie 6 Marsanne 3
Furmint 6 Roussanne 3
Aligoté 6 Macabeu (Viura) 3
Sangiovese 6 Dolcetto 3
Nebbiolo 6 Bonarda 3

TOTAL VARIETIES 59
 NATIV VINES GROWN IN 1-2 COUNTRY ONLY

Pinotage Africa del Sud Rhoditis Grecia Touriga nacional Portogallo

Criolla Argentina Assyrtico Grecia Touriga francesa Portogallo
Cereza Argentina Robola Grecia Periquita Portogallo
Torrontes mendocino Argentina Xinomavro Grecia Moscatel di Setubal Portogallo
Torrontes riojano Argentina, Cile Corinto nero Grecia Alverelhao Portogallo
Neuburg Austria Catarratto Italia Tinta Cão Portogallo
St. Laurant Austria Montepulciano Italia Fernao Pires Portogallo
Dimiat Bulgaria Trebbiano Romagnolo Italia Arinto Portogallo
Mavroud Bulgaria Aglianico Italia Dona Branca Portogallo
Pamid Bulgaria, Ungheria Refosco ped. rosso Italia Sercial Portogallo
Pais Cile Prosecco (Glera) Italia Tinta negra mole Portogallo
Melon Francia Negro amaro Italia Verdelho Portogallo
Meunier Francia Brachetto Italia Asal Portogallo
Merlot blanc Francia Corvina Italia Airen Spagna
Chasan Francia Garganega Italia Bobal Spagna
Carignan blanc Francia Grecanico dorato Italia Mencia Spagna
Grenache blanc Francia, Spagna Pignoletto Italia Xarello Spagna
Grenache gris Francia Trebbiano Abruzzese Italia Pardina Spagna
Aramon Francia Ansonica Italia Monastrel Spagna
Tannat Francia, Uruguay Manzoni b. Italia Albariño Spagna, Portogallo
Scheurebe Germania Nero d’Avola Italia Beylerce Turchia
Bacchus Germania Fiano Italia Adakarasi Turchia
Kerner Germania, Italia Greco Italia Ezerjo Ungheria
Schiava Germania, Italia Falanghina Italia Hárslevelü Ungheria, Slovacchia
Elbling Germania, Svizzera Croatina Italia
Savatiano Grecia Vermentino Italia, Francia TOTAL NATIVE VINES 76
 France
RED WINES
Cabernet franc
Cabernet sauvignon
Carignan
Cinsaut
Gamay
Grenache
Grolleau
Merlot
Mourvèdre
Pinot noir
Sciacarello
Syrah
Tannat
 Cabernet sauvignon
Not much needs to be said, as Cabernet Sauvignon has become well known worldwide.
It comes primarily from Médoc, where its optimum expression can be obtained by blending
it with Merlot.
Though it has characteristic green pepper aromas, winemakers have learned to balance its
tannins and their aging to procure other nuances such as blackcurrant, leather, cedar,
spices and black fruit.
This aromatic complexity and the aging potential provided by its firm tannins have earned
it worldwide recognition through the wines of Bordeaux.
It is also often used to produce Vins de Pays, and it is successfully fermented on the grape
pulp in areas like Languedoc to produce a wine that is excellent consumed young.
At least 170,000 hectares worldwide are planted in Cabernet Sauvignon, from Moldavia to
South Africa.
This late-ripening variety is resilient, but requires a warm climate to reach optimum
ripeness.
In France, it is not produced further north than Bordeaux.
CATEGORY SUGGESTED WINE FLAVOR REGION

AOC Bergerac (Red) Supple Soft Aromatic Sud-Ouest

AOC Pomerol Supple Fleshy Intense Bordeaux

Rosé d’Anjou et Cabernet

AOC Off-dry Soft Aromatic Val de Loire
d’Anjou

AOC Rosé de Loire Dry Lively Aromatic Val de Loire

 WHITE WINES

Chardonnay
Chardonnay no longer needs much of an introduction, as is has become one of the
world’s top grape varieties.
It is highly adaptable, but its aromatic power and its acidity, an indication of its
balance and aging potential, are most pronounced in northern vineyards.
It is no accident that the best Chardonnays are produced in Burgundy, and
especially in Montrachet.
However, they can also be found in Champagne and Languedoc in Vins de Pays,
where they are meant to be enjoyed young, or even further south in the Loire
Valley, in the Limoux AOC or in the New World.
Chardonnay is highly susceptible to spring frosts but always yields fine, elegant
wines with a large, complex array of aromas.
Notes of lime-blossom, peach, pear, acacia honey, fern and citrus combine to thrill
the senses.
 WHITE/ROSE’ WINES

CATEGORY SUGGESTED WINE FLAVOR REGION

AOC Bellet (White/Rosé) Dry Soft Intense Provence

Mâcon-Villages et Mâcon
AOC Dry Lively Aromatic Bourgogne
(White)
Pernand-Vergelesses
AOC Dry Lively Aromatic Bourgogne
(White)
AOC Saint-Véran Dry Soft Aromatic Bourgogne
 Bellet
Bellet, planted by the Greeks in the fourth century, is barely a speck on the map
of France’s wine growing regions.

Located between olive trees and lovely villas in the hills above Nice, it has barely
thirty-eight hectares that are used for production.

Its wines are nearly impossible to find outside of Nice, but are nevertheless of
great interest because they are created from little-known varieties, including Folle
Noire and Braquet (as well as Rolle and Chardonnay for whites).

Alternating breezes from the land and the sea, seasoned limestone soils and
terraced vineyards yield fine, well-balanced wines, 40% red, 30% white and 30%
rosé.

The Bellet AOC is particularly known for its reds with cherry aromas.

Its rosés are silky, lively, and highly aromatic with honeyed notes, while its whites
are full on the palate with essences of lime blossom and mimosa.
 Pernand-Vergelesses (White)
This winemaking village, perched high at the end of a valley, looks like a scene
straight from a movie.

The vineyards of its two Grands Crus anchor some of the soils of Corton
Mountain.

Its white wines are generally lively and firm, because of the higher average
elevation of the vineyards, and its red wines have a bright, transparent robe.

On the palate, they offer traditional Pinot Noir aromas, with notes of cherry,
blackberry and blackcurrant.

They are well-balanced and feminine, with silky, velvety tannins.

 Italian Wines
Italy's glowing reputation with wine is due not only to the fact that it
produces and exports more than any other country but that it offers the
greatest variety of types, ranging through nearly every color, flavor and
style.

Italian producers have moved rapidly to the forefront of world enology,

improving techniques to create wines of undeniable class in every region,
north and south. Their wines derive not only from native vines, which
represent an enormous array, but also from a complete range of
international varieties.

In the past it was sometimes said that Italians kept their best wines to
themselves while supplying foreign markets with tasty but anonymous
vino in economy sized bottles.
 Italian Wines
Markets have changed radically in recent times as consumers in many
lands-most importantly in Italy itself-have insisted on better quality.

For a while it may have seemed that the worldwide trend to standardize
vines and wines was bound to compromise Italy's role as the champion of
diversity.

But, instead, leading producers in many parts of the country have kept the
emphasis firmly on traditional vines.

They have taken the authentic treasures of their ancient land and
enhanced them in modern wines whose aromas and flavors are not to be
experienced anywhere else.

Experts increasingly rate Italy's premier wines among the world's finest.
 Italian Wines
Many of the noblest originate in the more than 300 zones officially
classified as DOC or DOCG or, more recently, in areas recognized for
typical wines under IGT (see Quality Laws & Labels).

Depending on the vintage, modern Italy is the world's largest or second

largest wine producer.

In 2005, production was about 20% of the global total, second only to
France, which produced 26%.

In the same year, Italy's share in dollar value of table wine imports into
the U.S. was 32%, Australia's was 24%, and France's was 20%. Along
with Australia, Italy's market share has rapidly increased in recent years.
 Table Wine and LABEL

Italy's classification system has four classes of wine, with two falling under
the EU category Quality Wine Produced in a Specific Region (QWPSR)
and two falling under the category of “table wine”.
The four classes are:
Vino da Tavola (VDT)
Denotes simply that the wine is made in Italy.
The label usually indicates a basic wine, made for local consumption.

Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT)

Denotes wine from a more specific region within Italy.
This appellation was created in 1992 for wines that were considered to be of
higher quality than simple table wines, but which did not conform to the strict
wine laws for their region.
Before the IGT was created, "Super Tuscan" wines such as Tignanello were
labeled Vino da Tavola.
 QWPSR (Quality Wines Produced in Specified Regions)
Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC)
Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG)

Both DOC and DOCG wines refer to zones which are more specific than an IGT,
and the permitted grapes are also more specifically defined.
The DOC system began in 1963, seeking to establish a method of both recognizing
quality product and maintaining the international and national reputation of that
product.
The main difference between a DOC and a DOCG is that the latter must pass a
blind taste test for quality in addition to conforming to the strict legal
requirements to be designated as a wine from the area in question.
After the sweeping wine laws of 1992, transparent rules were made regarding
requirements for DOCG entry, imposing new limits regarding the production of
grapes per hectare and minimum natural alcohol levels, among others.
The overall goal of the system is to encourage producers to focus on quality wine
making.
Presently, there are 120 IGT zones.
(In February 2006, there were 311 DOC plus 32 DOCG appellations, according to the document
V.Q.P.R.D. Vini (DOCG – DOC). Elenco e Riferimenti Normativi al 07.02.2006, published by the
Italian Ministry of Agriculture).

Italy's 20 wine regions correspond to the 20 administrative regions.

Understanding of Italian wine becomes clearer with an understanding of
the differences between each region; their cuisines reflect their indigenous
wines, and vice-versa.

The 36 DOCG wines are located in 13 different regions but most of them
are concentrated in Piedmont and Tuscany.
Among these are appellations appreciated and sought after by wine lovers
around the world:
Barolo, Barbaresco, and Brunello di Montalcino
The regions are, roughly from Northwest to Southeast
Italy's Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MIPAF), has documented
over 350 grapes and granted them "authorized" status.

There are more than 500 other documented varieties in circulation as well.

The following is a list of the most common and important of Italy's

varieties:

Bianco (White)

Arneis - A crisp and floral variety from Piedmont, which has been grown there
since the 15th century.

Catarratto - Common in Sicily - this is the most widely planted white variety in
Salaparuta.

Fiano - Grown on the southwest coast of Italy, the wines from this grape can be
described as dewy and herbal, often with notes of pinenut and pesto.
Garganega - The main grape variety for wines labeled Soave, this is a crisp, dry
white wine from the Veneto wine region of Italy. It's a very popular wine that
hails from northeast Italy around the city of Verona. Currently, there are over
3,500 distinct producers of Soave.

Malvasia Bianca - Another white variety that peeks up in all corners of Italy
with a wide variety of clones and mutations. Can range from easy quaffers to
funky, musty whites.

Moscato - Grown mainly in Piedmont, it is mainly used in the slightly-sparkling

(frizzante), semi-sweet Moscato d'Asti. Not to be confused with moscato giallo and
moscato rosa, two Germanic varietals that are grown in Trentino Alto-Adige.

Nuragus - An ancient Phoenician variety found in southern Sardegna. Light and

tart wines that are drunk as an apertif in their homeland.

Pigato - A heavily acidic variety from Liguria, the wines are vinified to pair with
a cuisine rich in seafood.
Pinot Grigio - A hugely successful commercial grape (known as Pinot Gris in
France), its wines are characterized by crispness and cleanness. As a hugely mass-
produced wine, it is usually delicate and mild, but in a good producers' hands, the
wine can grow more full-bodied and complex. The main problem with the grape is
that to satisfy the commercial demand, the grapes are harvested too early every
year, leading to wines without character.

Ribolla Gialla - A Slovenian grape that now makes its home in Friuli, these
wines are decidedly old-world, with aromas of pineapple and mustiness.

Tocai Friulano - A variety distantly related to Sauvignon Blanc, it yields the top
wine of Friuli, full of peachiness and minerality. Currently, there is a bit of
controversy regarding the name, as the EC has demanded it changed to avoid
confusion with the Tokay dessert wine from Hungary.

Trebbiano - This is the most widely planted white varietal in Italy. It is grown
throughout the country, with a special focus on the wines from Abruzzo and from
Lazio, including Frascati. Mostly, they are pale, easy drinking wines, but
trebbiano from producers such as Valentini have been known to age for more15
years. It is known as Ugni Blanc in France.
Verdicchio - This is grown in the areas of Castelli di Jesi and Matelica in the
Marche region and gives its name to the varietal white wine made from it. The
name comes from "verde" (green). The white wines are noted for their high
acidity and a characteristic nutty flavour with a hint of honey.

Vermentino - This is widely planted in northern Sardinia and also found in

Tuscan and Ligurian coastal districts. Wines are particularly popular to
accompany fish and seafood.

Other important whites include:

Carricante, Catarratto, Coda de Volpe, Cortese, Falanghina, Grechetto,
Grillo, Inzolia, Picolit, Traminer, Verduzzo, and Vernaccia.

Non-native varieties that the Italians plant include:

Chardonnay, Gewürztraminer (sometimes called Traminer aromatico), Petite
Arvine, Riesling, and many others.
 Rosso (Red)
Aglianico - Considered the "noble varietal of the south," it is primarily grown in
Campania and Basilicata. The name is derived from Hellenic, so it is considered a
Greek transplant. Thick skinned and spicy, the wines are often both rustic and
powerful.

Barbera - The most widely grown red wine grape of Piedmont and Southern
Lombardy, most famously around the towns of Asti and Alba, and Pavia. The
wines of Barbera were once simply "what you drank while waiting for the Barolo
to be ready." With a new generation of wine makers, this is no longer the case.
The wines are now meticulously vinified, aged Barbera gets the name "Barbera
Superiore" (Superior Barbera), sometimes aged in French barrique becoming
"Barbera Barricato", and intended for the international market. The wine has
bright cherry fruit, a very dark color, and a food-friendly acidity.
Corvina - Along with the varietals rondinella and molinara, this is the principal
grape which makes the famous wines of the Veneto: Valpolicella and Amarone.
Valpolicella wine has dark cherry fruit and spice. After the grapes undergo
passito (a drying process), the wine is now called Amarone, and is extremely high
in alcohol (16% and up) and full of raisin, prune, and syrupy fruits. Some
Amarones can age for more 40 years and command spectacular prices. In
December 2009, there was celebration when the acclaimed Amarone di
Valpolicella was finally awarded its long-sought DOCG status.

Dolcetto - A grape that grows alongside Barbera and Nebbiolo in Piedmont, its
name means "little sweet one"", referring not to the taste of the wine, but the ease
in which it grows and makes great wines, suitable for everyday drinking. Flavors
of concord grape, wild blackberries and herbs permeate the wine.

Malvasia Nera - Red Malvasia varietal from Piedmont. A sweet and perfumed
wine, sometimes elaborated in the passito style.
Montepulciano - The grape of this name is not to be confused with the Tuscan
town of Montepulciano; it is most widely planted on the opposite coast in
Abruzzo. Its wines develop silky plum-like fruit, friendly acidity, and light tannin.
More recently, producers have been creating a rich, inky, extracted version of this
wine, a sharp contrast to the many inferior bottles produced in the past.

Nebbiolo - The most noble of Italy's varieties. The name (meaning "little fog")
refers to the autumn fog that blankets most of Piedmont where Nebbiolo is chiefly
grown, and where it achieves the most successful results. A difficult grape variety
to cultivate, it produces the most renowned Barolo and Barbaresco, made in
province of Cuneo, along with the lesser-known Sforzato, Inferno and Sassella
made in Valtellina, Ghemme and Gattinara, made in Vercelli's province. The
wines are known for their elegance and power with a bouquet of wild mushroom,
truffle, roses, and tar. Traditionally produced Barolo can age for fifty years-plus,
and is regarded by many wine enthusiasts as the greatest wine of Italy.

Negroamaro - The name literally means "black and bitter". A widely planted
grape with its concentration in the region of Puglia, it is the backbone of the
Salice Salentino: spicy, toasty, and full of dark red fruits.
Nero d'Avola - Nearly unheard of in the international market until recent years,
this native varietal of Sicily is gaining attention for its plummy fruit and sweet
tannins. The quality of nero d'avola has surged in recent years.

Sagrantino - A native to Umbria, it is only planted on 250 hectares, but the wines
produced from it (either blended with Sangiovese as Rosso di Montefalco or as a
pure Sagrantino) are world-renowned. Inky purple, with rustic brooding fruit
and heavy tannins, these wines can age for many years.

Sangiovese - Italy's claim to fame, the pride of Tuscany. Traditionally made, the
wines are full of cherry fruit, earth, and cedar. It produces Chianti (Classico),
Rosso di Montalcino, Brunello di Montalcino, Rosso di Montepulciano,
Montefalco Rosso, and many others. Sangiovese is also the backbone in many of
the acclaimed, modern-styled "Super-Tuscans", where it is blended with
Bordeaux varietals (Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Cabernet Franc) and
typically aged in French oak barrels, resulting a wine primed for the international
market in the style of a typical California cabernet: oaky, high-alcohol, and a
ripe, jammy, fruit-forward profile.
 Other major red varieties are:

Ciliegolo, Gaglioppo, Lagrein, Lambrusco, Monica, Nerello Mascalese,

Pignolo, Primitivo (Zinfandel in California), Refosco, Schiava, Schiopettino,
Teroldego, and Uva di Troia.

"International" varieties such as Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon,

Merlot, and Syrah are also widely grown.
 Italian Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC) wines
(in alphabetical order by region)

Abruzzo
Controguerra produced in the province of Teramo
Montepulciano d'Abruzzo produced in the provinces of Chieti, L'Aquila,
Pescara and Teramo
Trebbiano d'Abruzzo provinces of Chieti, L'Aquila, Pescara and Teramo

Basilicata
Aglianico del Vulture produced in the province of Potenza
Matera produced in the province of Matera
Terre dell'Alta Val d'Agri produced in the province of Potenza
Calabria
Bivongi produced in the provinces of Reggio Calabria and Catanzaro
Cirò produced in the province of Crotone
Donnici produced in the province of Cosenza
Greco di Bianco produced in the province of Reggio Calabria
Lamezia produced in the province of Catanzaro
Melissa produced in the province of Crotone
Pollino produced in the province of Cosenza
Sant'Anna di Isola Capo Rizzuto produced in the provinces of Crotone and
Catanzaro
San Vito di Luzzi produced in the province of Cosenza
Savuto produced in the provinces of Cosenza and Catanzaro
Scavigna produced in the province of Catanzaro
Verbicaro produced in the province of Cosenza
Campania
Aglianico del Taburno produced in the province of Benevento
Aversa Asprinio produced in the provinces of Caserta and Napoli
Campi Flegrei produced in the province of Napoli
Capri produced in the province of Napoli
Castel San Lorenzo produced in the province of Salerno
Cilento produced in the province of Salerno
Costa d'Amalfi produced in the province of Salerno
Falerno del Massico produced in the province of Caserta
Galluccio produced in the province of Caserta
Guardiolo produced in the province of Benevento
Ischia produced in the province of Napoli
Penisola Sorrentina produced in the province of Napoli
Sannio produced in the province of Benevento
Sant'Agata dei Goti produced in the province of Benevento
Solopaca produced in the province of Benevento
Taburno produced in the province of Benevento
Vesuvio produced in the province of Napoli
Emilia-Romagna

Bosco Eliceo produced in the provinces of Ferrara and Ravenna

Cagnina di Romagna produced in the provinces of Forlì and Ravenna
Colli Bolognesi produced in the provinces of Bologna and Modena
Colli Bolognesi Classico Pignoletto produced in the province of Bologna
Colli di Faenza produced in the provinces of Forlì and Ravenna
Colli di Imola produced in the province of Bologna
Colli di Parma produced in the province of Parma
Colli di Rimini produced in the province of Rimini
Colli di Scandiano e di Canossa
Colli Piacentini produced in the province of Piacenza
Colli Romagna Centrale produced in the provinces of Ravenna and Forlì
Emilia-Romagna

Lambrusco di Sorbara produced in the province of Modena

Lambrusco Grasparossa di Castelvetro produced in the province of Modena
Lambrusco Salamino di Santacroce produced in the province of Modena
Pagadebit di Romagna produced in the provinces of Ravenna and Forlì
Reggiano produced in the province of Reggio Emilia
Reno produced in the provinces of Bologna and Modena
Romagna Albana Spumante (White Spumante) produced in the provinces
of Bologna, Forlì and Ravenna
Sangiovese di Romagna produced in the provinces of Bologna, Forlì and
Ravenna
Trebbiano di Romagna produced in the provinces of Bologna, Forlì and
Ravenna
Friuli-Venezia Giulia

Carso produced in the provinces of Gorizia and Trieste

Colli Orientali del Friuli produced in the province of Udine
Colli Orientali del Friuli Cialla produced in the province of Udine
Colli Orientali del Friuli Rosazzo produced in the province of Udine
Collio produced in the province of Gorizia
Friuli Annia produced in the province of Udine
Friuli Aquileia produced in the province of Udine
Friuli Grave produced in the provinces of Pordenone and Udine
Friuli Isonzo produced in the province of Gorizia
Friuli Latisana produced in the province of Udine
Lison Pramaggiore an inter-regional DOC produced in the provinces of
Pordenone (Friuli-Venezia Giulia) and Venezia and Treviso (Veneto)
Lazio

Aleatico di Gradoli produced in the province of Viterbo

Aprilia produced in the province of Latina
Atina produced in the province of Frosinone
Bianco Capena produced in the province of Roma
Castelli Romani produced in the province of Roma
Cerveteri produced in the provinces of Roma
Cesanese del Piglio or Piglio produced in the province of Frosinone
Cesanese di Affile produced in the province of Roma
Cesanese di Olevano Romano produced in the province of Roma
Circeo produced in the province of Latina
Colli Albani produced in the province of Roma
Colli della Sabina produced in the provinces of Rieti and Roma
Colli Etruschi Viterbesi produced in the province of Viterbo
Colli Lanuvini produced in the province of Roma
Cori produced in the province of Latina
Lazio

Est! Est!! Est!!! di Montefiascone produced in the province of Viterbo

Frascati produced in the province of Roma
Genazzano produced in the provinces of Frosinone and Roma
Marino produced in the province of Roma
Montecompatri Colonna produced in the province of Roma
Nettuno produced in the province of Roma
Orvieto an inter-regional DOC produced in the provinces of Viterbo
(Lazio) and Terni (Umbria)
Tarquinia produced in the provinces of Roma and Viterbo
Velletri produced in the provinces of Latina and Roma
Vignanello produced in the province of Viterbo
Zagarolo produced in the province of Roma
Liguria

Cinque Terre
Cinque Terre Sciacchetrà produced in the province of La Spezia
Colli di Luni an inter-regional DOC produced in the provinces of La
Spezia (Liguria) and of Massa-Carrara (Toscana)
Colline di Levanto produced in the province of La Spezia
Golfo del Tigullio produced in the province of Genova

Riviera Ligure di Ponente

Rossese di Dolceacqua
Val Polcevera produced in the province of Genova
Pornassio
Lombardia

Botticino produced in the province of Brescia

Capriano del Colle produced in the province of Brescia
Cellatica produced in the province of Brescia
Garda an inter-regional DOC produced in the provinces of Brescia and
Mantova (Lombardia) and Verona (Veneto)
Garda Colli Mantovani produced in the province of Mantova
Lambrusco Mantovano produced in the province of Mantova
Lugana an inter-regional DOC produced in the provinces of Brescia
(Lombardia) and Verona (Veneto)
Lombardia

Oltrepò Pavese produced in the province of Pavia

Riviera del Garda Bresciano produced in the province of Brescia
San Colombano al Lambro produced in the provinces of Lodi, Milano and
Pavia
San Martino della Battaglia an inter-regional DOC produced in the
provinces of Brescia (Lombardia) and Verona (Veneto)
Scanzo produced in the province of Bergamo
Terre di Franciacorta produced in the province of Brescia
Valcalepio produced in the province of Bergamo
Valtellina Rosso produced in the province of Sondrio
Marche
Bianchello del Metauro produced in the province of Pesaro-Urbino
Colli Maceratesi produced in the province of Macerata
Colli Pesaresi produced in the province of Pesaro
Esino produced in the provinces of Ancona and Macerata
Falerio dei Colli Ascolani produced in the province of Ascoli Piceno
Lacrima di Morro d'Alba produced in the province of Ancona
Offida produced in the province of Ascoli Piceno
Rosso Conero produced in the province of Ancona
Rosso Piceno produced in the provinces of Ancona, Ascoli Piceno, Fermo
and Macerata
Verdicchio dei Castelli di Jesi produced in the provinces of Ancona and
Macerata
Verdicchio di Matelica produced in the provinces of Ancona and Macerata
Molise
Biferno produced in the province of Campobasso
Molise produced in the provinces of Campobasso and Isernia
Pentro di Isernia produced in the province of Isernia
Piemonte
Albugnano produced in the province of Asti
Alta Langa produced in the provinces of Alessandria, Asti and Cuneo
Barbera d'Alba produced in the province of Cuneo
Barbera d'Asti produced in the province of Asti
Barbera del Monferrato produced in the provinces of Alessandria and Asti
Boca produced in the province of Novara
Bramaterra produced in the provinces of Biella and Vercelli
Canavese produced in the provinces of Biella, Torino and Vercelli
Carema produced in the province of Torino
Cisterna d'Asti produced in the provinces of Asti and Cuneo
Colli Tortonesi produced in the province of Alessandria
Collina Torinese produced in the province of Torino
Colline Novaresi produced in the province of Novara
Colline Saluzzesi produced in the province of Cuneo
Cortese dell'Alto Monferrato produced in the provinces of Alessandria and
Asti
Coste della Sesia produced in the provinces of Biella and Vercelli
Dolcetto d'Acqui produced in the province of Alessandria
Piemonte
Dolcetto d'Alba produced in the province of Cuneo
Dolcetto d'Asti produced in the province of Asti
Dolcetto delle Langhe Monregalesi produced in the province of Cuneo
Dolcetto di Diano d'Alba produced in the province of Cuneo
Dolcetto di Dogliani produced in the province of Cuneo
Dolcetto di Ovada produced in the province of Alessandria
Erbaluce di Caluso produced in the provinces of Biella, Torino and
Vercelli
Fara produced in the province of Novara
Freisa d'Asti produced in the province of Asti
Freisa di Chieri produced in the province of Torino
Gabiano produced in the province of Alessandria
Grignolino d'Asti produced in the province of Asti
Grignolino del Monferrato Casalese produced in the province of
Alessandria
Langhe produced in the province of Cuneo
Lessona produced in the province of Biella
Loazzolo produced in the province of Asti
Piemonte
Malvasia di Casorzo d'Asti produced in the provinces of Alessandria and
Asti
Malvasia di Castelnuovo Don Bosco produced in the provinces of
Alessandria and Asti
Monferrato produced in the provinces of Alessandria and Asti
Nebbiolo d'Alba produced in the province of Cuneo
Piemonte produced in the provinces of Alessandria, Asti and Cuneo
Pinerolese produced in the provinces of Cuneo and Torino
Rubino di Cantavenna produced in the province of Alessandria
Ruché di Castagnole Monferrato produced in the province of Asti
Sizzano produced in the province of Novara
Valsusa produced in the province of Torino
Verduno Pelaverga produced in the province of Cuneo
Puglia

Aleatico di Puglia produced throughout the region

Alezio produced in the province of Lecce
Brindisi produced in the province of Brindisi
Cacc'e mmitte di Lucera produced in the province of Foggia
Castel del Monte produced in the province of Bari
Copertino produced in the province of Lecce
Galatina produced in the province of Lecce
Gioia del Colle produced in the province of Bari
Gravina produced in the province of Bari
Leverano produced in the province of Lecce
Lizzano produced in the province of Taranto
Locorotondo produced in the provinces of Bari and Brindisi
Martina produced in the provinces of Bari, Brindisi and Taranto
Matino produced in the province of Lecce
Puglia

Moscato di Trani produced in the provinces of Bari and Foggia

Nardò produced in the province of Lecce
Orta Nova produced in the province of Foggia
Ostuni produced in the province of Brindisi
Primitivo produced in the provinces of Brindisi and Taranto
Rosso Barletta produced in the provinces of Bari and Foggia
Rosso Canosa produced in the province of Bari
Rosso di Cerignola produced in the province of Bari
Salice Salentino produced in the provinces of Brindisi and Lecce
San Severo, produced in the province of Foggia
Squinzano produced in the provinces of Brindisi and Lecce
Sardegna

Alghero produced in the province of Sassari

Arborea produced in the province of Oristano
Campidano di Terralba produced in the provinces of Cagliari and Oristano
Cannonau di Sardegna produced throughout the region
Carignano del Sulcis produced in the province of Cagliari
Girò di Cagliari produced in the provinces of Cagliari and Oristano
Malvasia di Bosa produced in the province of Nuoro
Malvasia di Cagliari produced in the provinces of Cagliari and Oristano
Mandrolisai produced in the provinces of Nuoro and Oristano
Monica di Cagliari produced in the provinces of Cagliari and Oristano
Monica di Sardegna produced throughout the region
Sardegna

Moscato di Cagliari produced in the provinces of Cagliari and Oristano

Moscato di Sardegna produced throughout the region
Moscato di Sorso Senno riproduced in the province of Sassari
Nasco di Cagliari produced in the provinces of Cagliari and Oristano
Nuragus di Cagliari produced in the provinces of Cagliari, Nuoro and
Oristano
Sardegna Semidano produced throughout the region
Vermentino di Sardegna produced throughout the region
Vernaccia di Oristano produced in the province of Oristano
Sicilia

Alcamo produced in the provinces of Palermo and Trapani

Contea di Sclafani produced in the provinces of Agrigento, Caltanissetta
and Palermo
Contessa Entellina produced in the province of Palermo
Delia Nivolelli Nero d'Avola produced in the province of Trapani
Eloro produced in the provinces of Ragusa and Siracusa
Erice produced in the province of Trapani
Etna produced in the province of Catania
Faro produced in the province of Messina
Malvasia delle Lipari produced in the province of Messina
Mamertino di Milazzo produced in the province of Messina
Marsala produced in the province of Trapani
Sicilia

Menfi produced in the provinces of Agrigento and Trapani

Monreale produced in the province of Palermo
Moscato di Noto Naturale produced in the province of Agrigento
Moscato di Pantelleria produced in the province of Trapani
Moscato di Siracusa produced in the province of Siracusa
Riesi produced in the province of Caltanissetta
Salaparuta produced within the communal territory of Salaparuta in the
province of Trapani
Sambuca di Sicilia produced in the province of Agrigento
Santa Margherita di Belice produced in the province of Agrigento
Sciacca produced in the province of Agrigento
Toscana

Ansonica Costa dell'Argentario produced in the province of Grosseto

Barco Reale di Carmignano produced in the provinces of Firenze and
Prato
Bianco della Valdinievole produced in the province of Pistoia
Bianco dell'Empolese produced in the provinces of Firenze and Pistoia
Bianco di Pitigliano produced in the province of Grosseto
Bianco Pisano di San Torpè produced in the province of Pisa
Bianco Vergine della Valdichiana produced in the provinces of Arezzo and
Siena
Bolgheri produced in the province of Livorno
Candia dei Colli Apuani produced in the province of Massa-Carrara
Capalbio produced in the province of Grosseto
Colli dell'Etruria Centrale produced in the provinces of Arezzo, Firenze,
Pisa, Pistoia, Prato and Siena
Toscana

Colli di Luni an inter-regional DOC produced in the provinces of Massa-

Carrara (Toscana) and of La Spezia (Liguria)
Colline Lucchesi produced in the province of Lucca
Cortona produced in the province of Arezzo
Elba produced in the province of Livorno
Montecarlo produced in the province of Lucca
Montecucco produced in the province of Grosseto
Monteregio di Massa Marittima produced in the province of Grosseto
Montescudaio produced in the provinces of Livorno and Pisa
Morellino di Scansano produced in the province of Grosseto
Moscadello di Montalcino produced in the province of Siena
Orcia produced in the province of Siena
Parrina produced in the province of Grosseto
Pomino produced in the province of Firenze
Toscana

Rosso di Montalcino produced in the province of Siena

Rosso di Montepulciano produced in the province of Siena
San Gimignano produced in the province of Siena
Sant'Antimo produced in the province of Siena
Sovana produced in the province of Grosseto
Val d'Arbia produced in the province of Siena
Val di Cornia produced in the provinces of Livorno and Pisa
Vin Santo del Chianti produced in the provinces of Arezzo, Firenze, Pisa,
Pistoia, Prato and Siena
Vin Santo del Chianti Classico produced in the provinces of Firenze and
Siena
Vin Santo di Montepulciano produced in the province of Siena
Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
South Tyrol
Wines from South Tyrol have official designations in both the Italian and
German languages. Labels typically use the German form.
Südtirol, or Südtiroler (Italian: Alto Adige) produced in South Tyrol
Kalterersee, or Kalterer) (Italian: Lago di Caldaro, or Caldaro) a DOC
produced both in the provinces of South Tyrol and Trentino
Valdadige an inter-regional DOC produced in the provinces of South
Tyrol

Trentino
Casteller produced in the province of Trentino
Teroldego Rotaliano produced in the province of Trentino
Trentino produced in the province of Trentino
Trento a sparkling wine produced in the province of Trentino
Lago di Caldaro or Caldaro (German: Kalterersee or Kalterer) a DOC
produced both in the provinces of South Tyrol and Trentino
Valdadige an inter-regional DOC produced in the provinces of Trentino
and Verona (Veneto)
Umbria
Assisi produced in the province of Perugia
Colli Altotiberini produced in the province of Perugia
Colli Amerini produced in the province of Terni
Colli del Trasimeno produced in the province of Perugia
Colli Martani produced in the province of Perugia
Lago di Corbara produced in the provinces of Perugia and Terni
Montefalco produced in the province of Perugia
Orvieto an inter-regional DOC produced in the provinces of Terni
(Umbria) and Viterbo (Lazio)
Rosso Orvietano produced in the province of Terni
Torgiano produced in the province of Perugia

Valle d'Aosta
Valle d'Aosta
Veneto

Arcole produced in the provinces of Verona and Vicenza

Bagnoli di Sopra produced in the province of Padova
Bardolino produced in the province of Verona
Bianco di Custoza produced in the province of Verona
Breganze produced in the province of Vicenza
Colli Berici produced in the province of Vicenza
Colli di Conegliano produced in the province of Treviso
Colli Euganei produced in the province of Padova
Corti Benedettine del Padovano produced in the provinces of Padova and
Venezia
Gambellara produced in the province of Vicenza
Garda an inter-regional DOC produced in the provinces of Verona
(Veneto) and Brescia and Mantova (Lombardia)
Lison Pramaggiore an inter-regional DOC produced in the provinces of
Venezia and Treviso (Veneto) and Pordenone (Friuli-Venezia Giulia)
Lugana an inter-regional DOC produced in the provinces of Verona
(Veneto) and Brescia (Lombardia)
Veneto

Merlara produced in the province of Padova

Montello e Colli Asolani produced in the province of Treviso
Monti Lessini produced in the province of Vicenza
Piave produced in the provinces of Treviso and Venezia
Prosecco produced in the province of Treviso
Riviera del Brenta DOC produced in the provinces of Padova and Venezia
San Martino della Battaglia an inter-regional DOC produced in the
provinces of Verona (Veneto) and Brescia (Lombardia)
Soave produced in the province of Verona
Valdadige an inter-regional DOC produced in the provinces of Verona
(Veneto) and of Bolzano and Trento (Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol)
Valpolicella produced in the province of Verona
Vicenza produced in the province of Vicenza
Vin Santo di Gambellara produced in the province of Vicenza
A list of the 47 Italian DOCG (Denominazione di Origine Controllata e
Garantita) wines ordered by region
Lombardia
Franciacorta (as Spumante, Spumante rosé and Spumante cremant),
produced in the province of Brescia
Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico (as Rosé, Cremant, Pinot Noir, Pinot Noir
Rosé), produced in the province of Pavia
Sforzato di Valtellina or Sfurzat di Valtellina (Rosso), produced in the
province of Sondrio
Valtellina Superiore (Rosso as normale and Riserva) with the option to
indicate one of the sub-regions Inferno, Grumello, Maroggia, Sassella and
Valgella, produced in the province of Sondrio, or the sub-region
Stagaflassi for wine bottled in Switzerland
Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Ramandolo (White), produced in the province of Udine, in the area of
Ramandolo, in the commune of Nimis, Italy and in part of the comune of
Tarcento
Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit (Passito), produced in the province of
Udine
Veneto
Amarone della Valpolicella
Bardolino Superiore (Red), produced in the province of Verona
Recioto di Soave (White as normale, Classico and Spumante), produced in
the province of Verona
Soave Superiore (White as normale, Classico and Riserva), produced in
the province of Verona
Recioto di Gambellara (White)
Recioto della Valpolicella

Piedmont

Asti in the sub-appellations Asti or Asti Spumante (White) and Moscato

d'Asti (White), produced in the provinces of Asti, Cuneo and Alessandria
Barbaresco (Red as normale and Riserva), produced in the province of
Cuneo
Piedmont

Barbera d'Asti (Rosso as normale and Superiore), produced in the

province of Asti, with the option to indicate one of the sub-regions:
Nizza in the region surrounding Nizza Monferrato, Tinella in the region
surrounding Costigliole d'Asti, Colli Astiani in the region surrounding
Vigliano d'Asti
Barbera del Monferrato Superiore (Rosso), produced in the provinces of
Asti and Alessandria
Barolo (Red as normale, Riserva and Chinato), produced in the province
of Cuneo
Brachetto d'Acqui or Acqui (Red as normale and Spumante), produced in
the provinces of Asti and Alessandria
Dolcetto di Dogliani Superiore or Dogliani (Red), produced in the province
of Cuneo
Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore or Ovada (Red), produced in the province of
Alessandria
Piedmont

Gattinara (Red as normale and Riserva), produced in the province of

Vercelli
Gavi or Cortese di Gavi (White as Frizzante, Spumante and Tranquillo),
produced in the province of Alessandria
Ghemme (Red as normale and Riserva), produced in the province of
Novara
Roero (White as Roero Arneis and Roero Arneis Spumante, Red as
normale and Riserva), produced in the province of Cuneo
Erbaluce di Caluso or Caluso (Bianco), produced in the province of Torino
Dolcetto di Diano d'Alba or Diano d'Alba (Red), produced in the province
of Cuneo
Ruchè di Castagnole Monferrato (Red), produced in the province of Asti
Alta Langa (Sparkling, traditional method), produced in the provinces of
Alessandria, Asti and Cuneo
Emilia Romagna
Albana di Romagna (White as secco or asciutto, amabile, dolce, passito and
passito riserva), produced in the provinces of Bologna Forlì-Cesena and
Ravenna

Central regions
Abruzzo
Montepulciano d'Abruzzo, produced in the province of Teramo and named
after the typical grape

Lazio
Cesanese del Piglio, grown in the Prenestina hills southeast of Rome. Red,
some sparkling is produced.

Marche
Conero (Red only as Riserva), produced in the province of Ancona
Vernaccia di Serrapetrona (Red as Dolce and Secco), produced in the
province of Macerata
Tuscany

Brunello di Montalcino (Red as normale and Riserva), produced in the

province of Siena
Carmignano (Red as normale and Riserva), produced in the provinces of
Firenze and Prato
Chianti (Red as normale and Riserva), produced in the provinces of
Arezzo, Firenze, Pisa, Pistoia, Prato and Siena; with the option to indicate
one of the sub-regions:
Classico as normale and Riserva, produced in the provinces of Firenze
and Siena, Colli Aretini as normale and Riserva produced in the province
of Arezzo, Colli Senesi as normale and Riserva, produced in the province
of Siena, Colli Fiorentini as normale and Riserva, produced in the
province of Firenze, Colline Pisane as normale and Riserva, produced in
the province of Pisa, Montalbano as normale and Riserva, produced in the
provinces of Firenze, Pistoia and Prato, Montespertoli as normale and
Riserva, produced in the province of Pisa, Rufina as normale and Riserva,
produced in the province of Firenze
Tuscany

Chianti Superiore, produced throughout the Chianti region with the

exception of the classico sub-region.
Vernaccia di San Gimignano (White as normale and Riserva), produced in
the province of Siena
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano (Red as normal and Riserva), produced in
the province of Siena
Morellino di Scansano (Red as normale and Riserva), produced in the
province of Grosseto
Aleatico dell'Elba (Passito), produced on the Island of Elba.

Umbria
Sagrantino di Montefalco (Red as Secco and Passito), produced in the
province of Perugia
Torgiano Rosso Riserva (Red only as Riserva), produced in the province of
Perugia
[
 Southern regions

Campania
Fiano di Avellino (White), produced in the province of Avellino using the
Fiano grape.
Greco di Tufo (White, also as spumante), produced in the province of
Avellino
Taurasi (red also as Riserva), produced in the province of Avellino

Sardinia
Vermentino di Gallura (White as normale and Superiore), produced in the
provinces of Nuoro and Sassari

Sicily
Cerasuolo di Vittoria (Red as normale and Classico), produced in the
provinces of Caltanissetta, Catania and Ragusa