16 TENSES BAHASA INGGRIS

1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Menyatakan peristiwa/ kejadian berupa fakta atau kebiasaan.

Pola Kalimat Verbal

(+) Subject + Verb 1/ Verb-s/es + Complement
(-) Subject + do/does + not + Verb 1 + Complement
(?) Do/does + Subject + Verb 1 + Complement
(-?) Do/does + Subject + Not + Verb 1 + Complement
Do/does + Not + Subject + Verb 1 + Complement

Pola Kalimat Nominal

(+) Subject + am/are/is + Complement
(-) Subject + am/are/is + Not + Complement
(?) am/are/is + Subject + Complement
(-?) am/are/is + Subject + Not + Complement
am/are/is + Not + Subject + Complement

2. SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Menyatakan peristiwa/ kejadian yang terjadi dimasa lalu dan selesai di masa lalu juga.

Pola Kalimat Verbal

(+) Subject + Verb2 + Complement
(-) Subject + did not + Verb1 + Complement
(?) Did + Subject + Verb1 + Complement?
(-?) Did + Subject + Not + Verb1 + Complement?

Pola Kalimat Nominal

(+) Subject + was/were + Complement
(-) Subject + was/were not + Verb1 + Complement
(?) Was/were + Subject + Complement?
(-?) Was/were + Subject + Not + Complement?

3. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Menyatakan peristiwa/kejadian yang akan terjadi dimasa yang akan datang. Biasanya berupa
prediksi/janji/perbuatan yang akan dilakukan.

Pola Kalimat Verbal

(+) Subject + will/shall + Verb1 + Complement
(-) Subject + will/shall + not + Verb1 + Complement
(?) Will/Shall+ Subject + Verb1 + Complement?
(-?) Will/Shall + Subject + Not + Verb1 + Complement?
 Pola Kalimat Nominal
(+) Subject + will/shall + be + Complement
(-) Subject + will/shall + not + be + Complement
(?) Will/Shall+ Subject + be + Complement?
(-?) Will/Shall + Subject + Not + be + Complement?

4. SIMPLE PAST FUTURE TENSE

Menyatakan ide di masa lalu mengenai rencana, janji, aksi sukarela dan prediksi yang mungkin akan
terjadi di masa depan. Untuk fungsi ini, “Would” digunakan untuk menyatakan aksi sukarela atau
janji, dan “Was / Were Going To” digunakan untuk menyatakan rencana di masa depan.

Pola Kalimat Verbal

(+) Subject + would/should + Verb1 + Complement
(-) Subject + would/should + not + Verb1 + Complement
(?) Would/Should + Subject + Verb1 + Complement?
(-?) Would/Should + Subject + Not + Verb1 + Complement?

Pola Kalimat Nominal

(+) Subject + would/should + be + Verb1 + Complement
(-) Subject + would/should + not + be + Verb1 + Complement
(?) Would/Should + Subject + Verb1 + Complement?
(-?) Would/Should + Subject + not + Verb1 + Complement?

5. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Menyatakan peristiwa/kejadian yang sedang terjadi/berlangsung.

Pola Kalimat Verbal

(+) Subject + am/are/is + Verb-ing + Complement
(-) Subject + am/are/is + not + Verb-ing + Complement
(?) Am/are/is + Subject + Verb-ing + Complement?
(-?) Am/are/is + Subject + not + Verb-ing + Complement?

Pola Kalimat Nominal

(+) Subject + am/are/is + (being) + Complement
(-) Subject + am/are/is + not + (being) + Complement
(?) Am/are/is + Subject + (being) + Complement?
(-?) Am/are/is + Subject + not + (being) + Complement?

6. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Menyatakan peristiwa/kejadian yang telah dimulai dan sedang berlangsung di masa lampau, atau
untuk menyatakan dua kejadian yang terjadi di waktu yang bersamaan. 

Pola Kalimat Verbal

(+) Subject + was/were + Verb-ing + Complement
 (-) Subject + was/were + not + Verb-ing + Complement
(?) Was/were + Subject + Verb-ing + Complement
(-?) Was/were + Subject + not + Verb-ing + Complement

Pola Kalimat Nominal

(+) Subject + was/were + Complement
(-) Subject + was/were + not + Complement
(?) Was/were + Subject + Complement
(-?) Was/were + Subject + not + Complement

7. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Menyatakan perbuatan/kejadian yang akan sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa depan.
Pola Kalimat Verbal
(+) Subject + Shall/Will + Be + Verb-ing + Complement
(-) Subject + Shall/Will+ not + Be + Verb-ing + Complement
(?) Shall/Will + Subject + Be + Verb-ing + Complement
(-?) Shall/Will + Subject + not + Be + Verb-ing + Complement

Pola Kalimat Nominal

(+) Subject + Shall/Will + Be + Complement
(-) Subject + Shall/Will + not + Be + Complement
(?) Shall/Will + Subject + Be + Complement
(-?) Shall/Will + Subject + not + Be + Complement

8. PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Menyatakan peristiwa/kejadian imajiner yang akan sedang terjadi di masa lampau, namun belum
terlaksana atau secara sederhana sebagai kalimat pengandaian (conditional sentence type 2).

Pola Kalimat Verbal

(+) Subject + Should/Would + Be + Verb-ing + Complement.
(-) Subject + Should/Would + not + Be + Verb-ing + Complement.
(?) Should/Would + Subject + Be + Verb-ing + Complement.
(-?) Should/Would + Subject + Be + Verb-ing + Complement.

Pola Kalimat Nominal

(+) Subject + Should/Would + Be + Complement.
(-) Subject + Should/Would + not + Be + Complement.
(?) Should/Would + Subject + Be + Complement.
(-?) Should/Would + Subject + Be + Complement.

9. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Menyatakan peristiwa/kejadian yang terjadi pada waktu yang tidak jelas di masa lampau dan masih
berlanjut di masa sekarang. Selain itu, digunakan untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa atau
 aktifitas yang telah dimulai dan berakhir di masa lampau, namun efeknya dapat dirasakan di masa
sekarang.

Pola Kalimat Verbal

(+) Subject + have/has + Verb3 + Complement
(-) Subject + have/has + not + Verb3 + Complement
(?) Have/Has + Subject + Verb3 + Complement
(-?) Have/Has + Subject + not + Verb3 + Complement

Pola Kalimat Nominal

(+) Subject + have/has + been + Complement
(-) Subject + have/has + not + been + Complement
(?) Have/Has + Subject + been+ Complement
(-?) Have/Has + Subject + not + been + Complement

10. PAST PERFECT TENSE

Menyatakan peristiwa/kejadian yang terjadi terlebih dahulu sebelum aktivitas/peristiwa lain terjadi
dimasa lampau.

Pola Kalimat Verbal

(+) Subject + had + Verb3 + Complement
(-) Subject + had + not + Verb3 + Complement
(?) Had + Subject + Verb3 + Complement
(-? )Had + Subject + not + Verb3 + Complement

Pola Kalimat Nominal

(+) Subject + had + been + Complement
(-) Subject + had + not + been + Complement
(?) Had + Subject + been + Complement
(-? ) Had + Subject + not + been + Complement

11. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Menyatakan peristiwa/kejadian yang akan sudah dikerjakan pada saat tertentu/ pada saat peristiwa
yang lainmuncul simasa yang akan datang.

Pola Kalimat Verbal

(+) Subject + Shall/Will + Have + Verb3 + Complement
(-) Subject + Shall/Will + Have + not + Verb3 + Complement
(?) Shall/Will + Subject + Have + Verb3 + Complement
(-?) Shall/Will + Subject+ Have + not + Verb3 + Complement

Pola Kalimat Nominal

(+) Subject + Shall/Will + Have + Been + Complement
 (-) Subject + Shall/Will + Have + not + Been + Complement
(?) Shall/Will + Subject + Have + Been + Complement
(-?) Shall/Will + Subject+ Have + not + Been + Complement

12. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Menyatakan peristiwa/kejadian pada waktu dulu dimana keadaan atau peristiwa tersebut tidak
sesuai dengan fakta yang terjadi/ bisa juga digunakan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa kejadian
tersebut hanyalah rencana yang tidak terjadi di masa lampau .

Pola Kalimat Verbal

(+) Subject + Would/Should + Have + Been + Verb3 + Complement
(-) Subject + Would/Should + Have + Not + Been + Verb3 + Complement
(?) Would/Should + Subject + Have + Been + Verb3 + Complement
(-?) Would/Should + Subject + Not + Have + Been + Verb3 + Complement

Pola Kalimat Nominal

(+) Subject + Would/Should + Have + Been + Complement
(-) Subject + Would/Should + Have + Not + Been + Complement
(?) Would/Should + Subject + Have + Been + Complement
(-?) Would/Should + Subject + Not + Have + Been + Complement

13. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Menyatakan peristiwa/kejadian yang telah dilakukan dari dulu sampai saat ini.

Pola Kalimat Verbal

(+) Subject + Have/Has + Been + Verb-ing + Complement
(-) Subject + Have/Has + not + Been + Verb-ing + Complement
(?) Have/Has + Subject + Been + Verb-ing + Complement
(-?) Have/Has + Subject + not + Been + Verb-ing + Complement

Pola Kalimat Nominal

(+) Subject + Have/Has + Been + Complement
(-) Subject + Have/Has + not + Been + Complement
(?) Have/Has + Subject + Been + Complement
(-?) Have/Has + Subject + not + Been + Complement

14. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Menyatakan peristiwa/kejadian yang sudah berlangsung pada waktu tertentu sebelum
peristiwa/aktivitas yang terjadi di masa lalu.

Pola Kalimat Verbal

+) Subject + Had + Been + Verb-ing + Complement
(-) Subject + Had + not + Been + Verb-ing + Complement
(?) Had + Subject + Been + Verb-ing + Complement
 (-?) Had + Subject + not + Been + Verb-ing + Complement

Pola Kalimat Nominal

(+) Subject + Had + Been + Complement
(-) Subject + Had + not + Been + Complement
(?) Had + Subject + Been + Complement
(-?) Had + Subject + not + Been + Complement

15. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Menyatakan peristiwa/kejadian yang akan sudah berlangsung selama waktu tertentu pada saat
tertentu/ pada saat peristiwa lain muncul dimasa yang akan datang.

Pola Kalimat Verbal

(+) Subject + Will/Shall + Have + Been + Verb-Ing + Complement
(-) Subject + Will/Shall + Have + Not + Been + Verb-Ing + Complement
(?)Will/Shall + Subject + Have + Been + Verb-Ing + Complement
(-?)Will/Shall + Subject + Not + Have + Been + Verb-Ing + Complement

Pola Kalimat Nominal

(+) Subject + Will/Shall + Have + Been + Complement
(-) Subject + Will/Shall + Have + Not + Been + Complement
(?) Will/Shall + Subject + Have + Been + Complement
(-?) Will/Shall + Subject + Not + Have + Been + Complement

16. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Menyatakan peristiw/kejadian yang akan sudah dan masih sedang dilakukan pada masa lalu dan tak
ada hubungannya dengan masa sekarang.Waktu dari suatu peristiwa atau pekerjaan dalam past
future perfect continuous tense biasanya diketahui dan terukur, selama berapa lama, dari jam berapa
sampai jam berapa, dari hari apa sampai hari apa, dan ini merupakan salah satu perbedaan tense ini
dengan Future perfect continuous tense.

Pola Kalimat Verbal

(+) Subject + Would/Should + Have + Been + Verb-Ing + Complement
(-) Subject + Would/Should + Have + Not + Been + Verb-Ing + Complement
(?) Would/Should + Subject + Have + Been + Verb-Ing + Complement
(-?) Would/Should + Subject + Not + Have + Been + Verb-Ing + Complement

Pola Kalimat Nominal

(+) Subject + Would/Should + Have + Been + Complement
(-) Subject + Would/Should + Have + Not + Been + Complement
(?) Would/Should + Subject + Have + Been + Complement
(-?) Would/Should + Subject + Not + Have + Been + Complement