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Activity 1 - Chemical Safety (GHS-SDS)
Activity 1 - Chemical Safety (GHS-SDS)
Activity 1 - Chemical Safety (GHS-SDS)
INTRODUCTION
Laboratory safety is a top priority and critical component of all chemistry courses. Students
need to develop a good foundation in the basic principles and procedures of laboratory safety.
To care about safety and develop a safety ethic, students need to learn the “why” behind safety
so that they can identify safety issues and can make decisions that reflect their personal safety
values and knowledge (ACS, 2016).
There are more than 163 million chemical substances registered at the Chemical Abstracts
Service (CAS), a division of the American Chemical Society, and this number increases
significantly every year (www.cas.org). In any laboratory, either a chemistry laboratory or other
science laboratory, where chemicals are used, there will be hazards (ACS, 2017). All chemicals
have inherent hazardous properties (ACS, 2017). Basic hazard potential of chemicals is
communicated via the classification assigned by the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) symbols
and codes that can be found on Safety Data Sheets (SDSs, formerly known as Material Safety
Data Sheets or MSDSs) and on chemical supplier bottles and packages (Sigmann and McEwen,
2016 & UN, 2003). Many countries have already adopted and implemented the GHS. The
system has been incorporated in each countries laws and regulations. The implementation of
the GHS worldwide has been very cost-effective in terms of trade facilitation; regulatory
promotion and execution; safe transport, handling and usage of chemicals; and reduction of
animal testing. The GHS is beneficial to all sectors specifically the governments, industries,
traders, workers, and consumers. Overall, the adoption of the GHS addresses both the
protection of human health and the environment.
In the GHS, there are 17 physical hazard classes, 10 health hazard classes, and 2 environmental
hazards classes (ACS, 2017). GHS hazard statement means a standard phrase assigned to a
hazard class and category to describe the nature and severity of a chemical hazard. Each hazard
statement is designated a code, starting with the letter H and followed by 3 digits.
In the GHS, the lower the category value is within each classification for a chemical, the more
severe the hazard (ACS, 2017). GHS language also includes:
SIGNAL H-
TYPE PICTOGRAM/SYMBOL
WORD STATEMENTS
DANGER H200, H201,
H202, H203,
H240, H241
EXPLOSIVE WARNING H204
HARMFUL
WARNING H302, H312,
H332
One of the easiest ways to find an SDS for a specific chemical is through Google search. Simply,
enter the following information:
The following pages show a sample SDS for the ACS reagent, anhydrous, ≥99.5%, powder or
granules Sodium Carbonate.
MATERIALS
Not Applicable
CHEMICALS
Not Applicable
PROCEDURE
Listed in the table below are ten (10) chemicals. Fill in the following lacking information based
on the Globally Harmonized System-Safety Data Sheet (GHS-SDS). You can find an SDS for a
specific chemical through Google search. For the manufacturer’s name, do not limit your
search or reference on Sigma-Aldrich. There are other chemical manufacturers producing these
chemicals.
SIGNAL MANUFACTURER’S
H-
ITEM CHEMICAL PICTOGRAM/SYMBOL NAME
WORD STATEMENTS
(REFERENCE)
Example Sodium Warning H319 – Causes Sigma-Aldrich
Carbonate serious eye
ACS reagent, irritation
anhydrous,
≥99.5%,
powder or
granules
1 Hydrochloric
acid
ACS reagent,
37%
2 Sulfuric acid
99.999%
3 Oxalic acid
98%
4 Potassium
permanganate
ACS reagent,
≥99.0%
5 Lead(II)
nitrate
ACS reagent,
≥99.0%
6 Potassium
nitrate
ACS reagent,
≥99.0%
7 Sodium
hydroxide
ACS reagent,
≥97.0%,
pellets
8 Benzene
analytical
standard
9 Sodium
chloride
ACS reagent,
≥99.0%
10 Mercury
≥99.99% trace
metals basis
A primarily synthetic chemical that is used extensively in the manufacture of plastics, rubber,
and resins is styrene. According to U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA),
health effects from exposure to styrene may involve the central nervous system and include
complaints of headache, fatigue, dizziness, confusion, drowsiness, malaise, difficulty in
concentrating, and a feeling of intoxication. Search for the standard Globally Harmonized
System-Safety Data Sheet (GHS-SDS) of styrene. You will be using styrene GHS-SDS to answer
Question #3 below.
QUESTIONS
1. Compare the results from the Table in Part I. Which of these 10 chemicals is the most
hazardous based on the hazard classification? Explain.
HAZARD CLASSIFICATION CHEMICAL EXPLANATION
Physical hazards
Health hazards
Environmental hazards
2. Compare the results from the Table in Part I. Which of these 10 chemicals is the least
hazardous based on the hazard classification? Explain.
HAZARD CLASSIFICATION CHEMICAL EXPLANATION
Physical hazards
Health hazards
Environmental hazards
3. Based on the Safety Data Sheet of styrene (Part II of the Procedure), what are the
recommended safety equipment in preparing emergencies from uncontrolled hazards?
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4. From this activity, what conclusion can you draw to minimize the risks of hazards in any
laboratory setting where chemicals are used?
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REFERENCES
United Nations. (2019). Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals
(8th revised ed.).
American Chemical Society. (2017). Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories (8th ed.).
American Chemical Society. (2016). Guidelines for Chemical Laboratory Safety in Academic
Institutions.
www.acs.org.
www.sigmaaldrich.com.
www.osha.gov.
www.fishersci.com.
https://chemicalsinourlife.echa.europa.eu/.
www.chemsafetypro.com.