Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Midterm Reviewer For Readings in Philippine History
Midterm Reviewer For Readings in Philippine History
• History has existed for 2,400 years and it is as old as mathematics and philosophy
• Herodotus, Father of History, used history to describe the deeds of men in the past and
finding out & explaining the reasons behind such deeds. He also suggested that history
should be used for posterity or future use – learning from the mistakes of the past.
• According to Thucydides, history should be written or done with evidences from the
• The elites, nobles, and monarch were the only one included in the traditional way of writing
history.
• “No document, No history” means that unless the written record can support a specific
evidences. Once they have the necessary information from those evidences, they are required
• They have the responsibility to employ research and methodology, give meaning to historical
• To validate the claims and arguments of historians, they should present reliable evidences to
support them.
• To prevent fraud and establish truth in writing history, historians are required to criticize,
➢ Unverified, falsified, and untruthful sources & evidences can lead to equally false
conclusions
➢ Primary materials may have undergone various degrees of deterioration due to age or
even forgery
• The 2 classifications of historical sources are (a) primary sources and (b) secondary sources.
• Primary sources are sources produced simultaneously as the subject being studied. Common
• In the ancient Philippine society, kasaysayan were stories that were transmitted orally in the
• In Spanish historiography in the PH, our history is in bipartite view. The first is the period of
darkness. This period was before the arrival of the Spaniards. The second is the period of light
spoke in Spanish – but they were still critical of what the colonizers passed off as historical
truths. They also believed that ancient Philippine society is similar to the greatness of
• The secret brotherhood, Katipunan, decided to use arms and violence to overthrow and evict
the colonizers and establish an independent nation. They wrote exclusively in Filipino for they
were trying to gain the support of their countrymen for the revolution.
among the Filipinos because American want them to think like them.
• Philippine Insurrection is the term American historians and scholars use instead of referring it
to Filipino-American War. Because U.S. has the legitimate power to govern the islands and
• In the Philippine Nationalist Historiography, there were 3 noted Filipino Nationalist historians.
➢ Teodoro Agoncillo claimed that the 1896 Revolution of the Katipunan was due to the
oppression and injustices experienced by the Filipinos. He believed that Bonifacio has a
➢ Renato Constantino suggested that the 1896 revolutions was not unique and not new, in
fact, there were pre-colonial leaders who attempted to evict the Spaniards since the 16th
➢ Reynaldo Ileto argued that the Pasyon was the reason why Filipinos revolted against the
• Pantayong Pananaw is from-us-to-us perspective; it means that our history should be written
• Laguna Copperplate Inscription was the oldest written source wherein the content was about
Ma-i was the name of Mindoro between 13th & 15th centuries
• Chau Ju-kua describe the Hai-tan (Aeta or Negritos) as people with small stature, curly hair,
• Ferdinand Magellan is a Portuguese who circumnavigated the world and it was documented
by Antonio Pigafetta.
• When the Pigafetta arrived in the Philippines, he was amazed and fascinated with the palm
• Homonhon island was given the name of Watering place of Good signs by Pigafetta because
• On March 31, 1521, the First Mass was held in the Philippines.
• Customs of the Tagalog by Juan de Plasencia is the earliest descriptive written work on early
Filipino society. In this document, Plasencia stated that dato was the title given to the revered
chief who is also serving as the war caption of the Tagalogs. The Tagalogs have their caste
system also in 3 classes: (a) maharlica or nobles, (b) aliping namamahay or commoners, and
• In the Customs of the Tagalog, particularly about loans, the debtor with unpaid debts will
become a slave and their children will pay double the amount of their debt once.
• Antonio de Morga wrote Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas which translate “Events in the
Philippine Islands”. In this document, the datus were considered to be cabeza de barangay
who job is to collect taxes. The dato ruled as “tribal” gathering called barangay.
• Moreover, Filipinos are required to render services to high officials or Spaniards such as
serving in the mansions of alcalde, services on occasions of war, and building ships for the
king.
• Governor-General Francisco de Sande wrote Letter to Estevan Rodriguez de Figueroa. He
stated that Figueroa should negotiate with the Moros and bring the leader of this tribe and his
• Diego Silang’s Letter to the British was sent to British governor, Dawsonne Drake. Silang
proclaimed his allegiance to the British crown. In order to prove Silang’s allegiance, he would
gift Drake a kind of wine produced from grapes called Bassia, 200 cakes or balls of chocolate,
12 baskets of calami and 12 loaves of sugar. He negotiated to help him fight the Augustinian
friars.
• Before sending the said letter, Silang imprisoned Bishop Bernardo Ustariz because he
resisted his anti-Spanish endeavors and declared themselves the head of Ilocos.
• Cofradia de San Jose was the confraternity led by Hermano Pule. In this confraternity, dalit
• Kartilya ng Katipunan was written by Emilio Jacinto. Its original title was a. Manga Aral Nang
Katipunan ng mga Anak Nang Bayan. This helped us understand the values, ideals, and
• Tejeros Convention was the breaking point of the rivalry between Bonifacio and Aguinaldo.
• Filipino Grievances Against Governor-General Wood is a joint resolution to express the hatred
Filipino leaders felt against the Governor during 1921 and the way he ran the country’s affairs.
• Public Land Act of 1903 was the law used by the United States to takeover and bring the Moro
under them.
• Alfred McCoy compiled political cartoons published in the newspaper dailies and periodicals
• The Tribune was known and trustworthy Filipino newspaper during the American period