Awwa C907-91

American Water Works Association
ANSI/AWWA C907-91
(First Edition)
AWWA STANDARD
FOR
POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC)
PRESSURE FITTINGS FOR WATER—
4 IN. THROUGH 8 IN.
(100 mm THROUGH 200 mm)
Effective date: Mar. 1, 1992.

This edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors June 23, 1991.
Approved by American National Standards Institute Inc., Dec. 19, 1991.
AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION

6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80235
Copyright (C) 1998 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.
AWWA Standard
This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification.
AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and
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tain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is
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does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or
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intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product described will
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action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal AWWA publi-
cation of the official notice.
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Copyright © 1992 by American Water Works Association

Printed in USA
ii
Committee Personnel
The AWWA Standards Committee on PVC Pressure Pipe and Fittings, which
developed this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval:
Joe G. Richard Jr., Chair

Hugh R. Fraser, Vice-Chair
Robert P. Walker, Secretary
Consumer Members
Bill Baxter Jr., City of Garland Water Utility, Garland, Texas (AWWA)
K.F. Cerotsky, Springfield Utility Board, Springfield, Ore. (AWWA)
A.T. Davies, City of Edmonton Environmental Services,
Edmonton, Alta. (AWWA)
J.L. Diebel, Denver Water Department, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
P.L. Eckley, Willow Lake Wastewater Treatment Plant, Salem, Ore. (AWWA)
B.H. Ellis,* East Bay Municipal Utilities District, Oakland, Calif. (AWWA)
R.L. Heino,* City of Edmonton Environmental Services,
Edmonton, Alta. (AWWA)
L.A. Kinney Jr., US Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo. (USBR)
L.D. McMullen, Des Moines Water Works, Des Moines, Iowa (AWWA)
J.G. Richard Jr., City of Baton Rouge, Baton Rouge, La. (AWWA)
J.J. Wedding, City of San Fernando, Ventura, Calif. (AWWA)
L.A. Wettering, City of Appleton, Appleton, Wis. (AWWA)
General Interest Members
K.M. Bell, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Northbrook, Ill. (UL)

J.P. Castronovo, CH2M Hill Inc., Gainesville, Fla. (AWWA)
T.L. Chance, Camp Dresser & McKee Inc., Baton Rouge, La. (AWWA)
M.J. Devine, Whitman & Howard Inc., Wellesley, Mass. (NEWWA)
G.M. Dykes,† Council Liaison, Florida Department of Environmental
Regulation, Tallahassee, Fla. (AWWA)
B.R. Elms,† Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
T.S. Gable, National Sanitation Foundation, Ann Arbor, Mich. (NSF)
R.J. Holme, Proctor & Redfern Limited, Don Mills, Ont. (AWWA)
J.H. Lee, Dayton & Knight Ltd., West Vancouver, B.C. (AWWA)
S.A. McKelvie, Gore & Storrie Ltd., Mississauga, Ont. (AWWA)
E.L. Melear, Boyle Engineering Corporation, Orlando, Fla. (AWWA)
E.W. Misichko,* Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Northbrook, Ill. (UL)
J.K. Snyder, Canonie Environmental Services Corporation,
King of Prussia, Pa. (AWWA)
*Alternate
†Liaison, nonvoting
iii
Producer Members
Joe Chen,* J-M Manufacturing Company Inc., Stockton, Calif. (UNI-BELL)

D.L. Eckstein,* Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association, Dallas, Texas (UNI-BELL)
H.R. Fraser, Scepter Manufacturing Company Ltd.,
Scarborough, Ont. (UNI-BELL)
D.W. Harrington, Harrington Corporation, Lynchburg, Va. (AWWA)
J.F. Houle, Pacific Western Extruded Plastics Company,
Eugene, Ore. (UNI-BELL)
S.G. Leyshock, CAPCO Pipe Company Inc., Litchfield, Ill. (AWWA)
P.F.V. Lloyd, B.F. Goodrich Company, Cleveland, Ohio (AWWA)
P.H. Luckett, Multi Fittings, USA, Austin, Texas (AWWA)
R.H. Novick, Certain Teed Corporation, Englewood, Colo. (AWWA)
E.H. Pronske, J-M Manufacturing Company Inc., Livingston, N.J. (UNI-BELL)
P.B. Turgoose, Canron West Pipe, Langley, B.C. (UNI-BELL)
R.P. Walker, Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association, Dallas, Texas (UNI-BELL)
*Alternate
iv
Contents
SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE
Foreword 6.2 Application Criteria......................... 10

I History of Standard.......................... vi 6.3 Surge Pressure in Pipe Systems .... 10
II Purpose and Application of
7 Pressure Class Derating
Standard ......................................... vi Factors
III Information to Be Supplied by
7.1 Thermal Derating of Class 150
the Purchaser ................................. vi
Fittings Pressure Class ................ 12
IV Metrication ........................................ vi
7.2 Cyclic Surge Pressure ..................... 12
V Modification to Standard ................. vi
VI Acceptance......................................... vi Appendix
Standard A Information of General Interest
1 General to Users of Injection-Molded
PVC Fittings
1.1 Scope................................................... 1
1.2 Definitions .......................................... 1 A.1 Construction
1.3 References .......................................... 2 A.1.1 Installation and Embedment.......... 13
1.4 Affidavit of Compliance..................... 3 A.1.2 Thrust Restraint.............................. 13
2 Materials A.2 Factors of Safety
2.1 Basic Materials .................................. 3 A.2.1 With Respect to Sustained
2.2 Permeation ......................................... 3 Working Pressure ......................... 13
A.2.2 With Respect to Total System
3 Fitting Requirements
Pressure......................................... 13
3.1 Workmanship..................................... 4
3.2 Dimensions......................................... 4 A.3 Causes of Failure
3.3 Fitting Qualification Test ................. 4 and Prevention
3.4 Gasketed Joints (Bells) ..................... 4 A.3.1 General............................................. 14
3.5 Quality Control of Fittings ............... 4 A.3.2 Excessive Temperature ................... 14
A.3.3 Excessive Internal Pressure ........... 14
4 Test Methods and Inspection A.3.4 Cyclic Surge Pressure ..................... 14
4.1 Test Preparation................................ 7
4.2 Test Methods...................................... 7 Figure
4.3 Test Frequency .................................. 8 1 Typical Bell Designs.......................... 5
4.4 Retention of Test Results.................. 9
4.5 Inspection ........................................... 9 Tables
4.6 Marking .............................................. 9 1 Wall Thicknesses, Bell Depths,
and Inside Diameters of
5 Pressure Class of Fittings
PVC Fittings ................................... 5
5.1 Pressure Class ................................... 9 2 Minimum Laying Lengths for
6 Compatible Application Class 150 PVC Fittings .................. 6
Criteria 3 Temperature Coefficients................ 12
6.1 Pressure Class 150 Fittings in
Pressure-Rated Pipe Systems ...... 10
Foreword
This foreword is for information only and is not a part of AWWA C907.
I. History of Standard. This is the first edition of AWWA Standard C907.

In 1966, AWWA appointed Committee 8350-D to study and report on the adaptabil-
ity of plastic pipe for use within the water industry. The committee presented its
report on June 7, 1967, at AWWA’s Annual Conference. The report included a rec-
ommendation that a task group be appointed to prepare standards for use of plastic
materials. The AWWA Standards Committee on Thermoplastic Pressure Pipe was
established in 1968. Following years of very productive work, the committee was
dissolved in June 1988, to be replaced by two committees on plastic products: one for
polyolefin and one for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products. The AWWA Committee on
PVC Pressure Pipe and Fittings, by whom this standard was prepared, was formed
at that time.
II. Purpose and Application of Standard. The purpose of this standard is
to establish minimum criteria for the manufacture of certain injection-molded PVC
fittings intended for buried service in water distribution systems. The design of fit-
tings and material selection, within the limits of this standard, is the responsibility
of the manufacturer.
III. Information to Be Supplied by the Purchaser. When buying
products covered by this standard, the purchaser’s specifications must contain the
following:
1. Standard to be used—that is, AWWA C907, Standard for Polyvinyl Chlo-
ride (PVC) Pressure Fittings for Water—4 In. Through 8 In. (100 mm Through
200 mm).
2. Fitting
(a) Nominal size, for example, 6 in. (150 mm); or, for tees, 6 in. × 6 in. ×
4 in. (150 mm × 150 mm × 100 mm) where naming sequence is body size × body
size × leg size.
(b) Configuration (for example, tee).
(c) Quantity of each size and configuration to be furnished.
3. When desired, requirements such as the following must be specified:
(a) Affidavit of compliance (Sec. 1.4).
(b) Request for notification of time and date for in-plant inspection
(Sec. 4.5).
IV. Metrication. The tables in this standard provide measurements in both
US customary units and metric equivalents. Throughout the body of the standard,
metric equivalents (rounded off) are set in parentheses next to the US customary
units.
V. Modification to Standard. Any modification of the provisions,
definitions, or terminology in this standard must be provided in the purchaser’s
specifications.
VI. Acceptance. Government legislative and regulatory bodies at national
and state or provincial levels promulgate rules that may control the use of products
described in AWWA C907. AWWA does not obtain or provide information about all
of the actual or proposed regulations in the many involved jurisdictions. The user of
this standard is cautioned to determine that the use of products described in this
vi
standard conforms to all applicable laws and regulations. Questions concerning laws
and regulations should be referred to the appropriate regulatory agency.
Consensus standards have been developed for direct and indirect additives
from products that come in contact with potable water. Manufactured products
covered by AWWA C907 eventually may be required to be certified to meet those
standards. Questions regarding additives should be referred to the appropriate state
regulatory agency.
vii
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American Water Works Association
ANSI/AWWA C907-91
(First Edition)
AWWA STANDARD FOR
POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC)

PRESSURE FITTINGS FOR WATER—
4 IN. THROUGH 8 IN.
(100 mm THROUGH 200 mm)
SECTION 1: GENERAL
Sec. 1.1 Scope
This standard covers Pressure Class 150 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) injection-
molded fittings with push-on rubber-gasketed joints in nominal sizes 4 in. (100 mm),
6 in. (150 mm), and 8 in. (200 mm). The fittings are for use with PVC water distri-
bution pipe having an outside diameter conforming to the dimensions of cast-iron
pipe, and with dimension ratios (DR) of 18 (Class 150) or 25 (Class 100) as described
in ANSI/AWWA C900, Standard for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe, 4 In.
Through 12 In., for Water Distribution. Further design considerations are provided
for guidance when the fittings will be used with PVC pressure pipes other than
Class 150 and Class 100 (see Sec. 6).
Sec. 1.2 Definitions

In this standard, the following definitions shall apply:
1.2.1 Dimension ratio (DR): The ratio of outside diameter to wall thickness,
which is the same for all pipe sizes of a specific DR series. (For pipe covered by
ANSI/AWWA C900, the DR is determined by dividing the average outside diameter
of the pipe by its minimum wall thickness and rounding off the quotient, when
necessary, to the nearest whole number.)
1.2.2 Manufacturer: The party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces
materials or products.
2 AWWA C907-91
1.2.3 Polyvinyl chloride: This term may be abbreviated PVC. Expressed either
way it refers to thermoplastic compounds prepared by combining PVC resin with
modifiers to attain desirable properties, stabilizers for property control, lubricants
for processing, and pigments for coloring.
1.2.4 Pressure class: The working-pressure rating of a specific pipe or fitting
for water service at a maximum operating temperature of 73.4°F (23°C) (Sec. 5). The
pressure class is determined as set forth in Sec. 5.1.
1.2.5 Working pressure: The maximum sustained operating pressure under
steady state conditions that is anticipated for the pipeline being designed. Transient
surge pressures associated with changing flow velocities are not included in “work-
ing pressure.”
1.2.6 Surge pressure: The maximum pressure increase over the working pres-
sure (sometimes called “water hammer”) that is anticipated in the pipe system as a
result of change in the velocity of the water column when valves are operated or
when pumps are started or stopped.
1.2.7 Total system pressure: The sum of working pressure plus surge pressure.
1.2.8 Long-term pressure strength (LTPS): The long-term hydrostatic internal-
pressure strength in pounds per square inch (psi [kPa]) of a specific configuration
and size of injection-molded PVC fitting for water service at a specific maximum
operating temperature. The LTPS is determined by hydrostatic tests and detailed
evaluation procedures in accordance with ASTM* D2837, with internal pressure
substituted for hoop stress. The LTPS of fittings in this standard is 470 psi
(3240 kPa) at 73.4°F (23°C).
1.2.9 Factor of safety: A number by which the LTPS of a fitting is divided to
determine what proportion of the LTPS can be used in the calculation of its pressure
class or pressure rating.
1.2.10 Pressure rating: The pressure rating of a specific pipe or fitting for
water service at a maximum operating temperature of 73.4°F (23°C) determined
without an allowance for surge pressure and with a safety factor of 2 (Sec. 6). The
pressure rating is determined as set forth in Sec. 6.1.
1.2.11 Purchaser: The person, company, or organization that purchases any
materials or work to be performed.
Sec. 1.3 References

This standard references the following documents. In their latest editions these
references form a part of this standard to the extent specified herein. In any case of
conflict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail.
ANSI†/ASTM D638—Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastic.
ASTM D1598—Standard Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe Un-
der Constant Internal Pressure.
ASTM D1599—Standard Test Method for Short-Time Hydraulic Failure Pres-
sure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings.
ASTM D1784—Standard Specification for Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Compounds and Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Compounds.
ASTM D2122—Standard Test Method of Determining Dimensions of Thermo-
plastic Pipe and Fittings.
*American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103.
†American National Standards Institute Inc., 11 West 42nd St., New York, NY 10036.
PVC PRESSURE FITTINGS 3
ASTM D2467—Standard Specification for Socket-Type Poly (Vinyl Chloride)

(PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80.
ASTM D2774—Standard Recommended Practice for Underground Installation
of Thermoplastic Pressure Piping.
ASTM D2837—Standard Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic Design Basis
for Thermoplastic Pipe Materials.
ASTM D3139—Standard Specification for Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes Us-
ing Flexible Elastomeric Seals.
ASTM F477—Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe.
ASTM F610—Estimating the Quality of Molded Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Plastic Pipe Fittings by the Heat Reversion Technique.
ANSI/AWWA C900—Standard for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe,
4 In. Through 12 In., for Water Distribution.
PVC Pipe—Design and Installation. AWWA Manual M23. AWWA Denver
(1980).
Sec. 1.4 Affidavit of Compliance

The manufacturer shall, if so specified by the purchaser, furnish an affidavit
that all delivered materials conform to the requirements of this standard.
SECTION 2: MATERIALS
Sec. 2.1 Basic Materials
2.1.1 Fittings. Fittings shall be made from virgin PVC homopolymer com-
pounds capable of satisfying the long-term performance requirements of Sec. 4.2.2
and requirements for potable water service (see Foreword, Sec. VI). The compound
shall be classified in accordance with ASTM D1784.
2.1.2 Rework materials. Clean, rework materials generated from the manufac-
turer’s own fitting production may be used by the same manufacturer for the same
purposes provided that the finished products meet the requirements of this stand-
ard.
2.1.3 Elastomeric gaskets. One gasket shall be supplied for each bell of each
fitting. Elastomeric gaskets shall be molded in one piece and shall conform with the
requirements of ASTM F477 for high head application.
2.1.4 Gaskets and lubricants. Gaskets and lubricants intended for use with
PVC fittings shall be made from materials that are compatible with the plastic
material and with each other when used together, and shall neither support the
growth of bacteria nor adversely affect the quality of the water that is to be
transported.
Sec. 2.2 Permeation

The selection of materials is critical for water service and distribution pipelines
in locations where there is some likelihood the pipeline will be exposed to significant
concentrations of pollutants composed of low-molecular-weight petroleum products
or organic solvents or their vapors. Research has documented that pipe and fitting
materials such as polyethylene, polybutylene, polyvinyl chloride, and asbestos–ce-
ment; and elastomers found in gaskets and packing glands, may be subject to per-
meation by lower-molecular-weight organic solvents or petroleum products. If a
4 AWWA C907-91
water pipeline must pass through such a contaminated area or an area subject to
contamination, consult with the manufacturer regarding permeation of pipe or
fitting walls, jointing materials, and so forth, before selecting materials for use in
that area.
SECTION 3: FITTING REQUIREMENTS

Sec. 3.1 Workmanship
Fittings shall be homogeneous throughout and shall be free from voids, cracks,
inclusions, and other defects. The sealing surfaces of integral-bell sockets shall be
free from nicks, scratches, and other imperfections that might cause leakage at the
joints. The plane of the face of the bells shall be at right angles to the centerline of
the flow. The fittings shall be as uniform as commercially practical in color, density,
and other physical properties.
Sec. 3.2 Dimensions
The dimensions of the fittings shall conform to the minimum values given in
Figure 1 and Tables 1 and 2 when measured as specified in ASTM D2122. The
manufacturer shall furnish to the purchaser, upon request, all standard product
dimensions and tolerances for the fitting, bell, and gasket.
Sec. 3.3 Fitting Qualification Test

Each molded fitting configuration and size shall be qualified by testing in
accordance with Sec. 4.2.2. Representative fittings shall demonstrate an average
extrapolated LTPS of 470 psi (3240 kPa) at 100,000 h.
Sec. 3.4 Gasketed Joints (Bells)
The gasketed joints of the fittings shall comply with the Laboratory Qualifying
Tests in ASTM D3139 using Class 150 (DR 18) PVC pipe with cast-iron (CI) outside
diameter (ANSI/AWWA C900) to form the test assembly. The minimum short-term
rupture pressure shall be 755 psi (5210 kPa). This is a qualifying test for the joint
design.
Sec. 3.5 Quality Control of Fittings

3.5.1 Accelerated-regression test. Fittings shall be tested in accordance with
Sec. 4.2.3. Representative fittings shall demonstrate a minimum extrapolated LTPS
of 470 psi (3240 kPa) at 100,000 h.
3.5.2 Burst pressure.* Test specimens shall not fail when raised to a pressure
of 755 psi (5210 kPa) in accordance with Sec. 4.2.4.
3.5.3 Heat-reversion test. Fittings shall be tested in accordance with Sec. 4.2.5.
The estimation of quality shall be based on the suggested interpretation of results
given in ASTM F610.
*The test pressure was derived using a fiber stress of 6400 psi (44.13 MPa) in DR 18 PVC
pipe and rounding up to the nearest 5 psi (34.5 kPa). See Table 3 in ANSI/AWWA C900.
NOTE:
Three styles of gasket groove are illustrated; others may be acceptable (see Sec. 3.4).
Typical: F1 = Wall thickness at any point in the bell.
F2 = Wall thickness of the body.
Figure 1 Typical bell designs.
Table 1 Wall Thicknesses, Bell Depths, and Inside Diameters of PVC Fittings (refer to Figure 1)
Nominal Pressure Minimum Wall Minimum

Pipe Class at DR Thickness Minimum Inside Minimum
Size 73°F (23°C) Maximum Bell Dia. Diameter Depth
in. psi F1 in. F2 in. A, in. C, in. B, in.
(mm) (kPa) Bell* Body† (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
4 150 18 NA 0.303 0.334 4.83 4.416 3.00
(100) (1034) (7.70) (8.48) (122.7) (112.2) (76.2)
6 150 18 NA 0.434 0.479 6.93 6.348 3.50
(150) (1034) (11.03) (12.17) (176.0) (161.2) (88.9)
8 150 18 NA 0.569 0.629 9.08 8.326 4.00
(200) (1034) (14.46) (15.98) (230.6) (211.5) (101.6)
NOTE: The minimum wall thicknesses in Table 1 assume the use of a PVC homopolymer compound having a tensile
strength (ANSI/ASTM D638) of 7000 psi (48.3 MPa) and a tensile modulus of elasticity (ANSI/ASTM D638) of 400,000 psi
(2758 MPa). The wall thicknesses of fittings meeting the requirements of this standard may be greater than Table 1 values if
the fittings are made from PVC homopolymer compounds having other strength values.
*The ratio of the outside diameter of the bell at any point it is measured (including the gasket groove) to the wall
thickness at the same point must not exceed 18.
†Minimum wall thickness of body of fitting is 125 percent of the wall thickness of Class 150 pipe.
6 AWWA C907-91
Table 2 Minimum Laying Lengths for Class 150 PVC Fittings
90° Bend
Size L—in. (mm) r—in. (mm)
4 2.51 (63.8) 2.20 (56.1) 45° Bend
6 3.60 (91.6) 3.17 (80.6)
8 4.73 (120.2) 4.16 (105.7) Size L—in. (mm) r—in. (mm)
4 1.16 (29.4) 2.20 (56.1)
6 1.71 (43.4) 3.17 (80.6)
8 2.10 (53.3) 4.16 (105.7)
221⁄2° Bend
Size L—in. (mm) r—in. (mm)
4 0.76 (19.3) 2.20 (56.1) Line Coupling
6 1.03 (26.1) 3.17 (80.6) Size G—in. (mm)
8 1.30 (33.0) 4.16 (105.7)
4 0.20 (5.1)
6 0.25 (6.3)
8 0.25 (6.3)
Tee
Size L—in. (mm) H—in. (mm)
4 × 4 2.51 (63.8) 2.51 (63.8) Repair Coupling
6 × 4 2.64 (67.1) 3.60 (91.6)
Size G—in. (mm)
6 × 6 3.60 (91.6) 3.60 (91.6)
8 × 4 2.77 (70.5) 4.73 (120.2) 4 4.74 (120.4)
8 × 6 3.74 (95.1) 4.73 (120.2) 6 6.62 (168.1)
8 × 8 4.73 (120.2) 4.73 (120.2) 8 7.22 (183.4)
SECTION 4: TEST METHODS AND INSPECTION

Sec. 4.1 Test Preparation
4.1.1 Conditioning. Tests shall be performed at 73.4°F ± 3.6°F (23°C ± 2°C)
unless otherwise specified. Fittings shall be conditioned at test temperatures in a
liquid bath for a minimum of 1 h or in a gaseous medium for a minimum of 16 h
before pressurizing.
4.1.2 Sampling. Selection of fittings for testing, if not stipulated in this stand-
ard, shall be as agreed on by the purchaser and the manufacturer.
Sec. 4.2 Test Methods
4.2.1 Dimensions. All measurements shall be made in accordance with
ASTM D2122.
4.2.2 Fitting qualification test. Each molded fitting configuration and size
shall be qualified by subjecting representative samples to long-term pressure tests
as described in ASTM D1598 except as modified herein. Internal pressure is substi-
tuted for hoop stress. Pressure versus time-to-failure data, consisting of at least
10 data points and extending to at least 2000 h, shall be obtained in representative
fitting specimens with end closures described in ASTM D1599, but otherwise in
accordance with ASTM D1598. These data shall be used to develop an estimate of
the fitting’s average 100,000-h strength (expressed as internal pressure in psi) in
accordance with the extrapolation method given in ASTM D2837. The data shall be
entered as log pressure to failure (psi) versus log time to failure (h), rather than the
usual log stress to failure versus log time to failure. The data shall be considered
unsuitable for extrapolation if the lower confidence limit at 100,000 h is less than
85 percent of the estimated average pressure strength for the same time intercept.
4.2.3 Accelerated regression test. A minimum of six specimens of a single size
and configuration of fitting shall be subjected to short-term pressure tests with end
closures described in ASTM D1599, but otherwise in accordance with ASTM D1598.
The fittings shall be tested at internal pressures calculated to cause failure (to yield
data points) at the following time intervals:
(a) 0.167 to 0.500 h (10 min to 30 min)
(b) 0.501 to 2.000 h (30 min to 2 h)
(c) 2.001 to 15.000 h
(d) 15.0001 to 100.000 h
(e) 100.001 to 100+ h
(f) 0 to 100+ h (random point)
Additional points may be added to improve the precision of the extrapolation or
to narrow the bandwidth of the confidence limits. No points shall be excluded unless
an obvious defect is detected in the failure area of the test specimen. These data
shall be used to develop an estimate of the fitting’s average 100,000-h strength
(expressed as internal pressure in psi) in accordance with the extrapolation method
given in ASTM D2837.
4.2.4 Burst pressure. The ability of the fittings to withstand the quick-burst
pressure shall be determined by raising their internal pressure to the required
minimum within 60 to 70 s in accordance with procedures given for fittings in
ASTM D1599, using jig methods described in Sec. 7.5.1, “Apparatus,” of
ASTM D2467.
8 AWWA C907-91
4.2.5 Heat-reversion test. Fittings shall be subjected to the heat-reversion test

method given in ASTM F610.
Sec. 4.3 Test Frequency

4.3.1 Dimensions. The dimensions of fittings produced from each mold cavity
shall be measured at the beginning of production, and thereafter at least once for
each 8 h of production. Any change to the injection parameters or material shall be
interpreted as a new beginning of production.
4.3.2 Fitting qualification test. Each size of each pressure-retaining configura-
tion of fitting must meet the requirements of Sec. 3.3. Having met the requirements
of Sec. 3.3, the qualified fitting may be produced without additional qualification
tests, subject to the other requirements of this standard. If the dimensions of a
qualified fitting are changed, the fitting shall be retested in accordance with Sec.
4.2.2 to prove that it meets the requirements of Sec. 3.3.
4.3.2.1 Fitting requalification test. If a change is made in the formulation of
the PVC compound from which the fittings are manufactured, or if a change is made
in the supplier of the compound, and if in either case the change is claimed by the
manufacturer to have no effect on fitting quality, then the following requalification
test must be performed. Specimens of the largest size tee fitting made with the
substituted compound shall be selected at random and tested in accordance with
Sec. 4.2.2. The substituted compound shall be judged to be identical to the original
compound provided the least squares regression line for the substituted compound
obtained with test data for at least 10 data points including at least one point
beyond 2000 h produces: (1) a 100,000-h LTPS of at least 470 psi (3240 kPa), and
(2) a 50-year LTPS that is not less than 85 percent of the 50-year LTPS of the
original compound (to ensure that the slope for the substituted compound is approxi-
mately the same as that for the original compound). The test results shall be
retained per Sec. 4.4.1.
4.3.3 Accelerated regression test. At the beginning of production, and semian-
nually thereafter, specimens of nominal 4-in. (100-mm), 6-in. (150-mm), and 8-in.
(200-mm) fittings that are made from each PVC fitting compound shall be tested in
accordance with Sec. 4.2.3.
NOTE: These tests are to ensure continued qualification of the fittings and the
injection-molding process—not for quality control of the fittings.
4.3.4 Gasketed joints. The gasketed joints of the fittings shall be tested once
by the manufacturer in accordance with Sec. 3.4 to qualify the joints for service, and
thereafter whenever the design of the joint or the gasket is changed.
4.3.5 Burst pressure. At least one fitting shall be selected at random from the
beginning of a production run and shall be tested in accordance with Sec. 3.5.2.
During the production run of any one configuration and size of fitting, at least one
burst-pressure test shall be performed during each 8 h of production.
4.3.6 Heat-reversion test. One fitting shall be selected at random from the first
50 fittings of each production run of each configuration and size and tested in ac-
cordance with Sec. 3.5.3.
4.3.7 Provision for test-sample failure. Any fitting, plus the fittings repre-
sented by that fitting, shall be rejected if it does not meet one or more of the
requirements in Sec. 3.5 of this standard. A quantity of specimens shall be subjected
to the failed test method in numbers sufficient to determine which are acceptable of
those produced from the same mold as of the last favorable test.
Sec. 4.4 Retention of Test Results

4.4.1 Qualification tests. The manufacturer shall retain a permanent record of
all tests performed in accordance with Sec. 3.3 of this standard.
4.4.2 Quality-control records. The manufacturer shall retain, for at least seven
years, a record of all quality-control tests performed in accordance with Sec. 3.5 of
this standard and shall submit the appropriate record to the purchaser upon
request.
Sec. 4.5 Inspection

4.5.1 General. Inspection by the purchaser shall not relieve the manufacturer
of the responsibility for furnishing products that conform to the requirements set
forth in this standard.
4.5.2 Notification to the purchaser. If an in-plant inspection of the product is
specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer shall provide the purchaser advance
notice of the date, time, and place of fitting testing in order that the purchaser may
be present.
4.5.3 Plant access. The purchaser shall have free access to any part of the
manufacturer’s plant involved in the work performed. The manufacturer shall make
available to the purchaser, at no charge, any tools or assistance that may be needed
to determine if the fittings meet the requirements of this standard.
4.5.4 Certification. On request by the purchaser, the manufacturer shall fur-
nish an affidavit of compliance per Sec. 1.4, and standard production dimensions
and tolerances for the fitting, bell, and gasket.
Sec. 4.6 Marking
4.6.1 General. Fittings shall bear identification markings that will remain
legible during normal handling, storage, and installation, and that have been
applied in a manner that will not reduce the strength of the fittings or otherwise
damage them.
4.6.2 Required marking. Marking on the fitting shall include the following:
(a) Nominal size and OD base of pipe with which the fitting is to be used (for
example, 6 CI)
(b) Code identifying the production run
(c) PVC
(d) AWWA identification number for this standard (AWWA C907)
(e) Pressure class, (CL 150)
(f) Manufacturer’s name or trademark
(g) Number of degrees, or fraction of a circle, on all bends
SECTION 5: PRESSURE CLASS OF FITTINGS

Sec. 5.1 Pressure Class
The pressure class of injection-molded PVC fittings conforming to this standard
is Class 150. The pressure class is determined using a safety factor (Fpc) of 2.5 and
including within the class an allowance for surge pressure consequent on an
instantaneous change in velocity of flow of 2 ft/s (0.61 m/s) in a DR 18 PVC pipe at
10 AWWA C907-91
73.4°F (23°C), which conforms to ANSI/AWWA C900. The pressure class is deter-
mined from the following relationship:
LTPS
PC = – 2(Ps) (Eq 1)
Fpc
Where:
PC = pressure class (Class 150)
LTPS = long-term pressure strength, which, for purposes of this standard, is
470 psi (3240 kPa)
Fpc = safety factor, which, for purposes of Eq 1 is 2.5
Ps = surge pressure at 73.4°F (23°C) arising in a DR 18 PVC pipe
conforming to ANSI/AWWA C900 as a result of a 1-ft/s (0.305-m/s)
change in flow velocity. The value of this surge pressure is 17.4 psi
(120 kPa). Refer to appendix A, Sec. A.3.3.
SECTION 6: COMPATIBLE APPLICATION CRITERIA

Sec. 6.1 Pressure Class 150 Fittings in Pressure-Rated Pipe Systems
The pressure rating of PVC pipes (Sec. 1.2.10) is calculated from a relationship
that includes a safety factor of 2.0 without any allowance for surge pressures. When
Class 150 fittings are used in a pressure-rated pipe system at 73.4°F (23°C) or less,
the equivalent pressure rating of the fitting is determined from the following
relationship:
LTPS
PR = (Eq 2)
Fpr
Where:
PR = pressure rating, psi (kPa)
LTPS = long-term pressure strength, which, for purposes of this standard, is
470 psi (3240 kPa)
Fpr = safety factor, which, for purposes of Eq 2, is 2.0
Sec. 6.2 Application Criteria
6.2.1 With respect to working pressure. The pressure class of the fittings (as
calculated using Eq 1 in Sec. 5.1 of this standard) shall not be exceeded by the
working pressure of the pipeline in which they are used, as defined in Sec. 1.2.5 of
this standard (see Sec. 6.3.2, Example 1).
6.2.2 With respect to total system pressure. The pressure rating of the fittings
(as calculated using Eq 2 in Sec. 6.1) shall not be exceeded by the total system
pressure (working pressure plus surge pressure) of the pipeline in which they are
used, as defined in Sec. 1.2.7 of this standard (see Sec. 6.3.2, Example 2).
Sec. 6.3 Surge Pressure in Pipe Systems

6.3.1 Built-in surge-pressure allowance. The pressure class of the fittings
(Class 150, as determined in Sec. 5.1) includes within it a provision for both the
working pressure and a surge pressure that is not part of the working pressure.
This unstated reserve for surge pressure in Class 150 fittings is the pressure rise
resulting from an instantaneous velocity change of 2 ft/s (0.61 m/s) in a Class 150
PVC pipeline.
6.3.2 Calculated surge-pressure allowance. If surge pressures are expected to
be of greater magnitude than the allowance in Sec. 6.3.1, an additional allowance
shall be made by reducing the pressure class of the fittings accordingly. The fitting
plays a small role in the creation of the pressure surge, since it is a small proportion
of the pipeline structure. The extent of the pressure rise in the system is determined
by the wall thickness of the pipe to which the fitting is joined, the flow velocity
change, the length of the pipeline, and the effectiveness of surge protection (see
AWWA Manual M23). When an additional allowance is made for surge pressure, the
resulting lower pressure class of the fitting (as well as the pressure class of the pipe
selected) must be greater than the working pressure of the pipe system.
Example 1. Adjusting the pressure class of the fitting:
In a DR 18, Class 150 PVC pipeline, the velocity is 7 ft/s (2.1 m/s) and the
working pressure is 60 psi (414 kPa). The instantaneous stoppage of flow is consid-
ered possible. What is the adjusted pressure class, PC1, of the Class 150 PVC fit-
tings included in the pipeline?
Adapting Eq 1, Sec. 5.1,
LTPS
PC1 = – 7(Ps)
Fpc
Where:
LTPS = long-term pressure strength of the fitting, 470 psi (3240 kPa)
Fpc = safety factor, 2.5
Ps = pressure surge in DR 18 PVC pipe, 17.4 psi (120 kPa) per 1 ft/s
(0.30 m/s) velocity change
Therefore,
Inch⋅Pound Units Metric Units
470 3240
PC1 = – 7(17.4) = 66.2 psi PC1 = – 7(120) = 456 kPa
2.5 2.5
Since the adjusted pressure class (66.2 psi [456 kPa]) is greater than the work-
ing pressure of the system (60 psi [414 kPa]), DR 18 pipe and Class 150 fittings
meet the application criterion in Sec. 6.2.1.
Example 2. Determining the compatibility of Class 150 fittings with a pres-
sure-rated pipe system:
If the working pressure in a pipeline is 125 psi (862 kPa), the anticipated surge
pressure is 100 psi (689 kPa), and the design is based on a safety factor (Fpr) of 2.0.
Are Class 150 fittings compatible with this design?
The total system pressure, as defined in Sec. 1.2.7, is the sum of the working
pressure and the surge pressure:
125 psi + 100 psi = 225 psi (862 kPa + 689 kPa = 1551 kPa)
The pressure rating of Class 150 fittings, as determined in Sec. 6.1, is 235 psi
(1620 kPa) with Fpr = 2.0.
12 AWWA C907-91
Therefore, Class 150 fittings are compatible with this system and meet the
application criterion in Sec. 6.2.2.
SECTION 7: PRESSURE CLASS DERATING FACTORS

Sec. 7.1 Thermal Derating of Class 150 Fittings Pressure Class
If PVC Class 150 fittings are part of a pipeline that is used to convey fluids at
sustained temperatures above 73.4°F (23°C), or if they are installed in an environ-
ment where sustained elevated temperatures can influence the conduit and fittings,
then their pressure class (or pressure rating) must be reduced in accordance with
Table 3.
Sec. 7.2 Cyclic Surge Pressure
Cyclic application of surge pressures in water mains can result in pipe or fit-
ting failures if it is not accommodated in product or system design. The design basis
for Class 150 fittings in Sec. 5.1 imposes a safety factor of 2.5 on both the working
pressure and the surge-pressure allowance, ensuring that cyclic surge conditions
common to most water distribution systems of Class 100 and Class 150
ANSI/AWWA C900 pipes will be accommodated by the fitting design. In other than
common water distribution systems, the effect of cyclic application of large surge
pressures can be analyzed using methods described in AWWA Manual M23.
Redesign of the system or its operating modes may be indicated by this analysis.
Table 3 Temperature Coefficients
Usable Percentage of
Pressure Class or
Sustained Service Temperature Pressure Rating
°F °C (percent)
73.4 23 100
80 27 88
90 32 75
100 38 62
110 43 50
120 49 40
130 54 30
140 60 22
APPENDIX A
Information of General Interest to Users

of Injection-Molded PVC Fittings
This appendix is for information only and is not a part of AWWA C907.
SECTION A.1: CONSTRUCTION

Sec. A.1.1 Installation and Embedment
It is recommended that the embedment of the fittings conform with the recom-
mended practices for embedment of PVC pipe described in ANSI/AWWA C900 and
further detailed in ASTM D2774. Generally, the recommended practices for install-
ing fittings follow those for pipe because material properties are the same. See
AWWA Manual M23. The fittings are intended to be installed underground with the
pipe in a manner that will ensure that the final external loads will not cause a
decrease of more than 5 percent in the vertical diameter of the adjoined pipe (deflec-
tion). See Sec. A.5.1 of ANSI/AWWA C900.
Sec. A.1.2 Thrust Restraint

Buried PVC fittings require that adequate means of restraining unbalanced
thrust forces be provided in accordance with AWWA Manual M23 and the recom-
mendations of the manufacturer. Thrust restraint may be provided by cast-in-place
concrete blocking, mechanical devices, or structural methods. Mechanical thrust-
restraint devices must be pressure-rated by their manufacturers and must not exert
forces when assembled to the pipe or fitting that will cause failure.
SECTION A.2: FACTORS OF SAFETY

Sec. A.2.1 With Respect to Sustained Working Pressure
In Eq 1 of AWWA C907, the pressure class of fittings is determined using a
specified safety factor of 2.5. However, the safety factor actually provided for work-
ing pressure is greater than 2.5, because this pressure condition relates to the
long-term strength of the fitting, 470 psi (3240 kPa). It can be seen that even when
a pipe system is operating at 150 psi (1034 kPa), a Class 150 fitting offers a safety
factor of 3.1 (470/150). In a Class 100 pipe system, the Class 150 fittings offer a
safety factor of 4.7 or more by the same reasoning.
Sec. A.2.2 With Respect to Total System Pressure

The total system pressure (working pressure plus surge pressure) is a short-
term peak-pressure condition, which relates to the short-term pressure strength of
the fitting (Sec. 3.5.2), 755 psi (5210 kPa). If the total system pressure should
13
14 AWWA C907-91
instantaneously rise to 235 psi (1620 kPa), which is the pressure rating of the fit-
tings, the factor of safety under this condition is 3.2 (755/235). In a Class 100 pipe
system, the maximum total system pressure is 165 psi (1138 kPa). In this case, the
Class 150 fittings offer a factor of safety of 4.5 (755/165).
SECTION A.3: CAUSES OF FAILURE AND PREVENTION

Sec. A.3.1 General
Polyvinyl chloride fittings in PVC pipe water distribution systems can fail from
the effect of excessive temperature of the conveyed fluid or from the effect of an
aggressive environment. The fittings are reasonably immune to certain failure
modes applicable to pipe, such as buckling or deflection forces that could theoreti-
cally arise in a buried pipe system and cause damage first to the portion of the
pipeline with the least ring stiffness (that is, the greatest dimension ratio), which is
invariably the pipe.
Sec. A.3.2 Excessive Temperature

If a PVC pipeline is used to convey fluids at sustained temperatures above
73.4°F (23°C) or if it is installed in an environment where elevated temperatures
can influence the pipe and fittings, then the pressure class or pressure ratings must
be reduced appropriately in accordance with Table 3 in AWWA C907.
Sec. A.3.3 Excessive Internal Pressure

At any time during the service life of a Class 150 PVC fitting meeting the
requirements of AWWA C907, the fitting will be capable of momentary pressure
peaks of over twice its pressure rating (2 × 235 psi [2 × 1620 kPa]) (see Sec. 3.5.2,
Burst Pressure, AWWA C907). Designing for pressures in excess of the pressure
rating of the fitting is not recommended.
Sec. A.3.4 Cyclic Surge Pressure

The minor cyclic surge conditions normally found in pumped water distribution
systems will be accommodated by the fitting design because a safety factor of 2.5 is
imposed on both the working pressure and the surge pressure allowance. Frequent
cycles of large surge pressures in water mains can result in product failure. System
analysis, as recommended in Sec. 7.2 of AWWA C907, may determine the need for
design changes or other operating modes.
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American Water Works Association

Effective date: Mar. 1, 1992.

AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION

American National Standard

Copyright © 1992 by American Water Works Association

Joe G. Richard Jr., Chair

General Interest Members

K.M. Bell, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Northbrook, Ill. (UL)

Joe Chen,* J-M Manufacturing Company Inc., Stockton, Calif. (UNI-BELL)

SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE

Foreword 6.2 Application Criteria......................... 10

I. History of Standard. This is the first edition of AWWA Standard C907.

AWWA STANDARD FOR

POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC)

Sec. 1.2 Definitions

Sec. 1.3 References

ASTM D2467—Standard Specification for Socket-Type Poly (Vinyl Chloride)

Sec. 1.4 Affidavit of Compliance

Sec. 2.2 Permeation

SECTION 3: FITTING REQUIREMENTS

Sec. 3.3 Fitting Qualification Test

Sec. 3.5 Quality Control of Fittings

Figure 1 Typical bell designs.

Nominal Pressure Minimum Wall Minimum

Table 2 Minimum Laying Lengths for Class 150 PVC Fittings

SECTION 4: TEST METHODS AND INSPECTION

4.2.5 Heat-reversion test. Fittings shall be subjected to the heat-reversion test

Sec. 4.3 Test Frequency

Sec. 4.4 Retention of Test Results

Sec. 4.5 Inspection

SECTION 5: PRESSURE CLASS OF FITTINGS

SECTION 6: COMPATIBLE APPLICATION CRITERIA

Sec. 6.3 Surge Pressure in Pipe Systems

Inch⋅Pound Units Metric Units

SECTION 7: PRESSURE CLASS DERATING FACTORS

Table 3 Temperature Coefficients

Information of General Interest to Users

SECTION A.1: CONSTRUCTION

Sec. A.1.2 Thrust Restraint

SECTION A.2: FACTORS OF SAFETY

Sec. A.2.2 With Respect to Total System Pressure

SECTION A.3: CAUSES OF FAILURE AND PREVENTION

Sec. A.3.2 Excessive Temperature

Sec. A.3.3 Excessive Internal Pressure

Sec. A.3.4 Cyclic Surge Pressure

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