EXPERIMENT- 2

AIM: Designing of networks using different Topologies.

Software Used: Cisco Packet Tracer

Learning Objectives:

1. Designing of networks using Bus Topology

2. Designing of networks using Star Topology
3. Designing of networks using Mesh Topology
4. Designing of networks using Ring Topology
5. Designing of networks using Hybrid Topology

Theory:

1. Bus Topology
It is a type of network topology in which all the devices in the network are
connected by one central RJ-45 network cable or coaxial cable.
It is also known as line Topology.
The single cable, where all the data is transmitted between devices, is referred to
as the bus, backbone or trunk.

Advantages:
1. Ease of installation.
2. Less cabling.
3. Less expensive.

Disadvantages:
1. Difficult reconfiguration and fault isolation.
2, Difficult to add new devices.
3. Signal reflection at top can degradation in quality.
4. If any fault in backbone can stops all transmission.

Procedure:

Step 1: Create a network scenario taking a Switch (2950-24) and few PCs.

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Step 2: Configure PCs with IP addresses.

Step 3: Check network connectivity by transferring packet.

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 2. Star Topology
Star Topology is a network topology in which each network component is
physically connected to a central node such as router, hub or switch.
There is no direct traffic between devices.
The central node acts like a server and the connecting nodes act like clients.

Advantages:
1. Installation and configuration are easy.
2. Less cabling is needed.
3. Easy to fault identification & to remove parts.
4. Robustness.

Disadvantages:
1. Even it requires less cabling then mesh when compared with other topologies it still
large (Ring or bus).
2. Dependency (whole n/w dependent on one single point(hub). When it goes down. The
whole system is dead.

Procedure:

Step 1: Create a network scenario taking a Switch (2950-24), Hub, Router

and few PCs.

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Step 2: Configure PCs and Router with IP addresses.

Step 3: Check network connectivity by transferring packet.

3. Mesh Topology:
In a mesh topology there is no central connection point. Instead, each node is
connected to at least one other node and usually to more than one.
Each node can send messages and receiving messages from other nodes.
The nodes act as relays, passing on a message towards its final destination.

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 Advantages:
1. Manages high amounts of traffic, because multiple devices can transmit data
simultaneously.
2. A failure of one device does not cause a break in the network or transmission of data.
3. Adding additional devices does not disrupt data transmission between other devices.

Disadvantages:
1. The amount of cabling and the number of I/O ports required are very large. Since every
device is connected to each device through dedicated links.
2. The sheer bulk of wiring is larger than the available space.
3. Hardware required to connect each device is highly expensive.

Procedure:
Step 1: Create a network scenario taking a Switch (2950-24) and few PCs.

Step 2: Configure PCs with IP addresses.

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 Step 3: Check network connectivity by transferring packet .

4. Ring Topology:
Here each device has a dedicated connection with two devices on either side.
The signal is passed in one direction from device to device until it reaches the
destination and each device have repeater.
When one device received signals instead of intended another device, its repeater
then regenerates the data and passes them along.
To add or delete a device requires changing only two connections.

Advantages:
1. Easy to install
2. Easy to reconfigure
3. Fault identification is easy.

Disadvantages:
1. Unidirectional traffic
2. Break in a single ring can break entire network.

Procedure:

Step 1: Create a network scenario taking a Switch (2950-24) and few PCs.

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Step 2: Configure PCs with IP addresses.

Step 3: Check network connectivity by transferring packet.

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 5. Hybrid Topology:
A hybrid topology is a kind of network topology that is a combination of two or more
network topologies, such as mesh topology, ring topology, bus topology,

Its usage and choice are dependent on its deployments and requirements like the
performance of the desired network, and the number of computers, their location.

Advantages:
1. It is more reliable as it has better fault tolerance.
2. Effective
3. Scalable
4. Flexible

Disadvantages:
1. Complexity
2. Very Expensive
3. Requires more cabling

Procedure:

Step 1: Create a network scenario taking a Switch (2950-24) and few PCs.

Step 2: Configure PCs with IP addresses.

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Step 3: Check network connectivity by transferring packet.

Learning Outcomes:
1. Understands the design, working, advantages & disadvantages of Bus Topology.
2. Understands the design, working, advantages & disadvantages of Star Topology.
3. Understands the design, working, advantages & disadvantages of Mesh Topology.
4. Understands the design, working, advantages & disadvantages of Ring Topology.
5. Understands the design, working, advantages & disadvantages of Hybrid Topology.

THANK YOU!
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