MOUNTAINS OF THE MOON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF

EDUCATION
STUDENT’S NAME: KOBUSINGE HANIFAH
REG NO: 2019/U/MMU/BED/023
COURSE NAME: PROFESSIONAL ETHNICS FOR TEACHERS
COURSE CODE: BES 2203
YEAR OF STUDY: TWO
SEMESTER: TWO
DATE OF SUBMISSION: 21/4/2022
LECTURER’S NAME:
COURSE WORK
1. Using relevant examples discuss the major causes of conflicts
in education institution and suggest possible means of
minimizing them.
2. Critically explain the importance of a lesson plan to learning
process.

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No.1

With relevant examples, the following are the causes of conflicts in

educational institution.

A conflict is a struggle and a clash of interest, opinion or principles. Conflict

will always be found in society, as the basis of conflict may vary to be
personal, racial, class or castle.

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Goal differences:

The goal is the basis for the educational institution performance. All activities
of the individuals concentrate on achieving predetermined goals. Therefore if
individuals in the same group initiate different goals it may cause conflicts
among staff members thus cannot do work effectively.

Unclear Job role:

Lack of role clarification for instance people of education institution perform

various roles that are inter-related to one another. The absence of role
exisition among people generates conflicts. For example role conflict between
the lecturer, teachers and bursar thus it is necessary to make proper division
of work & delegation of authority on the basis of responsibility.

Lack of Trust:

- Lack of trust also can cause conflicts in educational institutions where

by all individuals working in a group must have mutual trust to achieve
common goals.
- They need to do activities on the basis of mutual co-operation and
support.
- Lack of trust among group members create conflicts.

Organizational changes:

Changes in the organizational structure division or delegation of work and

responsibilities, some people may fail to cope up with the environmental
changes, such changes can change job position/ payment thus results to
conflicts in institutions.

For instance the supervision may change responsibilities of workers without

their concert. This may result to conflicts

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Poor communication:

This can be the result of difference in com styles. Failure to communicate may
cause employees to make wrong assumptions & believe in gossip. Poor
communication cause conflict and decreases productivity & employee morale,
misunderstandings, missed opportunities thus conflicts. For instance if a
manager doesn’t deliver the information as it is required by the workers
individually or as a staff

Limited resources too often, employees feel they have complete for available
resources order to do the job resource scarce environment this cause conflict
despite awareness of how scarce resources maybe personality clashes.

For instance “a teacher” may know that there will be a marking allowance
whether the parents pay or not therefore this may this may raise to conflicts,
misunderstandings, particularity regarding policies & practices. Institutions
often have many rules & regulations. These rules often mean well sometimes
they don’t always transparent to comply with. This can lead to purposeful non
compliance. For instance employees may be required to fill out paper work
after completing a task. This may result to conflicts between the workers &
administration.

Personal differences among employees:

This cause conflicts in educational institution of a work place.

Workers come from different backgrounds and experiences which play a role
in shaping their personalities. For instance when employees fail to understand
or accept differences in each other personalities problems arise thus causing
conflicts.

Poor time management:

Poor time management skills are also a psychological cause of stress that
directly affects the mental and physical well-being of people in institutions
(educational, which can lead to conflicts for that individual with in an
institution such as negative moods and loss of effective teaching. For instance
if an employee makes routine of reporting late
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Unfair treatment:

Inequitable treatment to a person, community will cause the disenfranchised

to feel left out neglected and basically be unable to progress.

Threat to status:

The status is the rank that as individual obtains in educational institutions for
instance Head teacher, teacher, and lecturer. It is best on knowledge and
position when any threat generates to an individual in his status it may lead
conflicts.

Overlapping authority:

This where two or more managers claim authority for the same activities or
tasks. Conflicts are likely to begin off in such education institutions. For
example in a school setting, a teacher may tend to take roles of a head teacher
without his concert like sending students back home. This may lead to clashes
between a teacher and a head teacher.

Conclusion

Conflicts are normal and constant process in any organization. Dealing around
these conflicts positively is important. Conflicts can both productive and
destructive for organization productive, conflicts can help you by motivating
you in working better.

THE POSSIBLE MEANS OF MINIMISING CONFLICTS IN EDUCATIONAL

INSTITUTIONS

Minimize a conflict means to reduce an identified conflict to a level that it is no

longer significant.

Find a safe and private place to talk. Have constructive conversation, you need
to find an environment that is safe for you to talk to. Such a place also enables
you to take necessary risks for honest. Communication regarding the issues at
hand. So, before trying to resolve any issue, find a safe and private place to
take. Do not choose the office of either party or a location near them. And

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while at this place ensure that each party gets enough time to air out their
views regarding the matter.

Develops strong communication channels. You can improve communication

network within an educational institution by strategically employing
informational and problem. Solving meetings and by utilizing a diverse
range of an organizational communication tools such as face to face
discussions thus minimizing conflicts in institutions.

Provide conflict mediation training for leaders. Regardless of the work being
hard at reducing conflicts that hinders performance and prevent organization
for achieving its goals, therefore organizational leaders should develop their
conflict mediation skills so that they can help workers resolve to conflicts that
will arise.

Provide conflict resolution training. You can decrease negative impact of

conflict by helping workers develop the skills they need to successfully
resolve the conflict that occur in their lives. This gives people more confidence
in their ability to resolve both personal & professional conflict. It also makes
people more effective at addressing minor conflict as they occur instead of
allowing them to be major distractions.

Create an environment that encourages participation. This can be done by

delegating workers or involving them in different programs such as a self
directed work teams, clubs like games & sports club and suggestion systems
that ask workers input and reward people for the participation

Possible

- Use clear communication strategies to resolve workplace conflicts for

instance set expectations, respect personal differences and use active
listening skills, neutral terms and open body language.
- Provide communication skills training. By providing communication
training skills, workers can increase their abilities to communicate
effectively with a diverse range of individuals and manage
communication problems that are often at heart of organizational
conflicts.

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- Assist staff develop positive work relationships. Allow employees or
give them a chance to get to know each other better and to feel more
comfortable with each other.
- This can be done by providing opportunities for social interaction on a
continious basis by giving assignments that put staff into contract with
people they don’t normally interact with & by providing cross training
opportunities.
- Make sure workers are clear about organizational goals and priorities.
These conflicts occur because of differences over facts, goals, methods
or values. By ensuring the employees are on the same pace regarding
objectives, priorities and plans. It will occur due to differences over facts
goals or methods for instance introduce the school mission, rules &
regulations.
- Treat everyone fairly. This may seem obvious but many managers are
accused of preferential treatment and it is upon leaders who organize,
to make sure they are behaving in an egalitarian fashion since even the
appearance of preffered behaviour may create when assigning
responsibilities
- Provide third party conflict mediation service. There will be times when
manager supervisor cannot mediate a conflict between workers feel
party where they can confidentially address a conflict situation.
- Make it easy to fire a format compliant. You should make it easy for
employees to file a formal complaint. If necessary.

There should be a process for them to follow so that they are comfortable
making compliant. The process should be a simple as them filling out a
compliant form and submitting it to the manager so that they can
determine what further action is needed. This will prevent resentment
from building and possible complaints from getting out of hand.

Create team work engagement

Creating a favorable atmosphere where workers are encouraged to work

together promotes employee engagement. This will lead to employees
learning to depend on each other & get to know each other is strength and

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 weakness. This team work will help workers become more at ease with co-
workers.

NO.2

Importances of lesson plan to a learning process.

A lesson plan is an arrangement of action. It is a detailed layout of the plan in

the scheme of work. It has knowledge of philosophy, information about and
understanding of learners, comprehension of educational objectives, and
knowledge of the material to teach and ability to utilize effective methods. A
lesson plan should indicate, very simply, how the teacher intends to employ
learners in a specified period of time.

- Lesson plan facilities steady process and definite outcome of teaching

and learning procedures. A lesson plan in evaluation indicates how the
lesson was, successful or not and this will help the teacher to either
proceed or re-teach the lesson.
- It ensures that the teacher doesn’t “dry up” or forget vital points. Since
the lesson plan is a summary from the scheme of work, helps the
teacher not to forget what is supposed to teach during learning process.
- A lesson plan helps the teacher to be systematic and orderly to promote
effective learning. The lesson plan has steps for a teacher to follow while
teaching and this has helped the teacher to proceed in teaching
systematically thus effective in the learning process.
- Lesson plans helps the teacher to prepare learning materials in advance
which will facilitate learning. A teacher prepares learning materials
before teaching after making a lesion plan. Learning materials make
learning real and meaningful.
- Lesson plan helps the teacher to look ahead and plan a series of
activities. The teacher prepares activities earlier which will keep
learners active in the learning process. Activities guide learners in the
learning process. Activities guide learners to various answers and helps
the teacher to access learners in the learning process

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 - It encourages consideration of goals and objectives, selection of
instructional materials subject matter, procedures, planning of activities
and evaluation devices. These prepare the teacher to teach effectively in
the learning process.
- Lesson plans promote formative assessment and evaluation in the
learning process since there is daily activities, assignments done or
planned which lead to effective teaching and learning progress.
- Lesson plans help the teacher to think to think of suitable methods to
use in the lesson considering the age of the learners’ class and the
subject matter to teach learners. Methods help the learners to
understand the content delivered in the learning process.
- Lesson planning helps teachers ensure that the day today activities that
go on in their classrooms are providing students with an adequate
level of long – term progress toward the goals outlined in the scope
and sequence as well as their individual education plans when
necessary.
- A clear route map to effective teaching for instance what to teach and
how to teach are the two basic questions that the teacher should
answer before teaching therefore it helps the teacher to match his
lecturing patterns to the learning abilities of his students
- Lesson planning gain recognition as a poignant teacher. As well
organized teacher with a lesson plan will be able to attract the attention
of students who will pattern after your planning traits.
- Lesson phrasing prevents over-reliance on text books many guides with
good resources using the syllabus that enables a teacher to prepare an
effective lesson plan & these guides also have solved the problems notes
which helps to save time of teachers in learning process.

Conclusion

For teachers, lesson plans are the building blocks used to help organize
thoughts & information. The four phase lesson plan was diversed to facilitate
the planning process. As each phase is developed, include the following
components, direct student focus learning activity, your audience will benefit
from this well organized approach.

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It helps or gives opportunities to the teacher think out new ways and means of
making the lesson interesting and introduces provoking questions. When a
teacher makes a lesson plan

It helps him to plan for interesting activities, learning aids to use in the
current

Lesson planning makes it possible to provide for individual differences in

pupils in class, the teacher prepare in advance for individual differences in
learning progress.

It helps the teacher to organize and systematize the learning process. The
activities in the lesson are well inter -connected and associated. The
continuity of the educative process plan to be used in the learning process

Lesson plan promotes confidence on the side of the teacher. Planning helps
the teacher to overcome the feeling of nervousness and insecurity thus gives
the teacher confidence to face the class in the teaching, learning process

It tends to prevent wondering from the subject and going off the way it serves
as a check on the possible wastage of time and energy of the teachers and
students and this makes learning effective and economical.

Conclusion

Conflicts are normal and a constant process in any organization. Dealing

around these conflicts positively is important. Conflicts can be both
productive and destructive for the organization. Productive conflicts can help
you by motivating you in working better.

Destructive conflicts need management attention & need to be sorted so that

it so that it does not spoil the atmosphere of an organization by demoralizing
others.

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