Grade and Section: 12 - Galatians

Group No: 8
Group Members: John Louie Cabañero¹, Derek Cerillo², Jemuel Concepcion³, Jude De Leon⁴, Vash
Flordeliz⁵, Dylan Gayotin⁶ and Joshua Vizcarra⁷Ethical Standards

in Writing LIterature Review

STEP 1:

Research Problem 1. Did the Monitored Attendance SMS System

(MASS) lessened the percentage of late comers?
2. Is there a significant difference in what time the
students go to school after the implementation of
MASS?
3. After conducting the research, what policies should
be put in place to reinforce MASS in order for
students to cooperate?
Formulated RRL Objective
Criteria for Selecting Literature/Studies

STEP 2:
Most Common Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria

Date Inclusion Exclusion

If there has been a previous review Studies dated 2012 - 2022. Studies dated 2011 and below.
undertaken that is being updated
then it is not necessary to go back
over ground covered in the earlier
review. Instead refer to it and the
findings from that study in the
introduction.
Exposure of interest Inclusion Exclusion
The participants in the study may
need to have experienced a
particular condition to be
considered for inclusion (e.g.
received prenatal classes, given a
particular drug, had a disease at a
particular graded level or higher).
Geographic Location of Study Inclusion Exclusion
It may be necessary to limit the Studies conducted locally and Studies that are conducted in
review to only studies targeting the internationally. remote areas.
same population group of interest
for a broader original study or to
countries which share similar
demographic or economic factors
with the target group.
Language Inclusion Exclusion
It is usually not necessary to English or Tagalog. Any foreign language unless
arrange translation of scientific translated to English or Tagalog.
works unless the review is
attempting to come to a definite
conclusion about a very specific
clinical outcome which requires
every applicable paper to be
included.
Participants Inclusion Exclusion
Reviews may be restricted to only Students (preferably) and/or
adult or child studies or to certain staff members that work on an
age groups. The Medline and establishment that monitors
CINAHL databases have age attendance.
groups as subject headings for
included articles.
Peer Review Inclusion Exclusion
Sometimes reviews will exclude
non-peer reviewed literature but
grey literature such as technical
reports and web-based guidelines
may be important for certain
research questions.
Reported Outcomes Inclusion Exclusion
The inclusion of a study may
depend on whether particular
outcomes of interest have been
reported and in an appropriate,
consistent manner. The outcomes
may be excluded if they are
self-reported rather than using
objective measures.
Setting Inclusion Exclusion
The study may be included or School (preferably) or any
excluded based on where the workplace establishment that
participants were located (e.g. monitors staff attendance.
school, hospital, inpatient,
community-based care, etc.)
Study Design Inclusion Exclusion
The inclusion of only selected Qualitative, Quantitative or
study designs is a way to make the Experimental.
review much more manageable
and applicable to the research
 question. Study designs can
include those in which participants
were surveyed at one point in time
(e.g. cross-sectional studies and
ecological studies) and study
designs that are conducted over
time.
Type of Publication Inclusion Exclusion
Systematic Reviews usually search Aside from related studies:
for original studies. Commonly books, articles or any
excluded publications and reviews educated sources with
and editorials. Letters may also be reliable/legitimate information.
excluded however this should be
done with caution as sometimes
the letter format will be used to
report small scale studies.

Other Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria can include the sample size, method of sampling or availability of a
relevant comparison group in the study.  Where a single study is reported across multiple papers the
findings from the papers may be merged or only the latest data may be included.

Notes: N/A

Adapted from University of Melbourne Library.

STEP 3:

ELIGIBLE LITERATURE
(Add table for other collected literature/studies)
Title Citation 1 Citation 2 Citation 3 Citation 4 Citation 5
Author/s Jario, A. P. Solo, S. M. A. Almasalha, Bataineh, M. Dumayas,
et al. F. and Z. B.
Hirzallah, N.
Date Published August 15, March 2020 January 2014 January 18,
2021 2014 2019

Source https://www. Research https://www.r https://www.a https://ojs.a

inettutor.co study esearchgate. cademia.edu/ aresearchin
m/program borrowed net/publicati 33802047/A_r dex.com/ind
ming-tutorial from the UCC on/2756054 eview_of_Fac ex.php/AAJ
/c/qr-code-a research 55_A_Stude tors_Associat MRA/article
ttendance-s office’s nts_Attenda ed_with_Stud /view/10083
ystem/ archives nce_System ents_Latenes
_Using_QR_ s_Behavior_a
Code nd_Dealing_S
trategies

Aim/Objectives Systematize To know how Create a QR Systematicall Discovery

schools selected UCC based y review of causes of
attendance teachers, attendance studies that students’
system. staff and system to investigate tardiness in
students view verify factors class and
the student’s associated conceptuali
implementati identity and with student’s zing
on of an eliminate lateness. possible
RFID false intervention
attendance registrations. s to lessen
system. and
possibly
prevent
altogether.
Sample Size N/A 170 N/A 24 research 23
respondents. papers and Respondent
reports. s
Study/Research Design Qualitative, Qualitative, Qualitative, Qualitative. Quantitative
Experiment Descriptive. Experimenta Descriptive.
al. l.

Research Instrument/s 1. Webcam 1. Modified 1. 1. 24 1. Modified

(to scan QR questionnaire Smartphone research Question
codes). s. (to scan QR papers and naires.
codes reports that
2. Computer through an are
(for storing attendance associated
data and software). with student’s
running the lateness
attendance 2. behavior.
software). Computers/
Server (for 2. Computer
3. storing data for
Card/Paper and running downloading
(where the the said research
QR code attendance and reports
will be software. using “King
printed). Saud
3. Routers University
(for receiving subscribed
4. Routers the data). database”.
(for
receiving
the data).

Findings/Results The The The The The

researchers researchers researchers researcher researchers
concluded concluded concluded concluded concluded
that the use that the that the use that poor that most of
of a QR majority of of a QR organization the
attendance the attendance was the most respondent
system is respondents system is an common s are tardy
effective knew what efficient way reason for more than 1
since RFID is and of monitoring student’s time in a
recording all are in attendance. lateness. week.
attendances favor of Findings
is now more implementing show that
 efficient and it on the the distance
convenient. campus. of the
campus is
the primary
reason as
to why they
are late,
among
other
things.
Limitations N/A The N/A N/A The
researchers researchers
limited their decided to
study to only limit their
be conducted study inside
inside the the school
school’s premises.
premises.

ELIGIBLE LITERATURE
(Add table for other collected literature/studies)
Title Citation 6 Citation 7 Citation 8 Citation 9 Citation 10
Author/s Ariola, C. M. Galgo, J. J. El Mrabet, Maile, S., & Fatheenur
et al. H. & Ait Olowoyo, M. syaza binti
Moussa, A. M Bakhri,Haw
a binti
Mohd
Ekhsan,
Jiwa Noris
bin Hamid
Date Published February September September December September
2021 2020 2022 2017 2020

Source https://www. https://www.r http://www.le https://www.p https://crinn

scribd.com/ esearchgate. arntechlib.or edagogicalres .conference
document/5 net/publicatio g/p/217817/ earch.com/art hunter.com/
20630161/G n/345249135 icle/the-cause index.php/jc
roup-2-Cha _Efficacy_of_ s-of-late-comi rinn/article/v
p1-5-v1 Scan_Attend ng iew/159/107
ance_Manag
er_Applicatio
 n_Using_Qui
ck_Response
_Code_in_Da
gohoy_Nation
al_High_Sch
ool_Bohol_P
hilippines
Aim/Objectives The The primary The study The aim of This project
researchers goal of this seeks to this study is aims to
aim/propose study was to investigate to investigate monitor the
to provide evaluate the an effective different students
means to
the Quezon instructors' causes of late who have
record
City perceptions attendance
coming the
University of the Scan in a way among high possibility
(QCU) an Attendance which school to be
efficient and Manager staffs need students’ absent from
accurate Application's to find an especially in classes for
system of effectiveness effective schools more than
attendance in Dagohoy way to located in the the
recording National High record township, the permissible
using QR School, students` study focuses percentage.
codes, at Dagohoy, attendance on the
. This
the same Bohol, schools
article
time avoid Philippines, presents
located within
errors. during the and Shoshanguve
2019–2020 discusses .
school year. the smart
attendance

Sample Size N/A N/A 411 The 14

Teachers participants Students,
and were both Two
Superintend males and Lecturers,
ents females from Two School
grades 10 to Staff.
12 and
grades 7 to 9
in the junior
secondary
schools.
Study/Research Design Quantitative Quantitative Quantitative Qualitative, Quantitative
, Descriptive ,Descriptive
Descriptive. Descriptive Descriptive?
Research Instrument/s 1. Webcam The Modified Interview Modified
(to scan QR questionnaire Questionnair Questionnai
codes). used by the e res
researcher
2. Computer was based on
with an Intel a study by
Core i5 Maleriado,
processor M.A.C., and
along with Carreon, J.
various R. To gauge
licensed the
softwares aforemention
(for storing ed issues, a
data and study was
running the conducted in
attendance 2018 named
software). "The
characteristic
3. s of Quick
Stationary Response
supplies. (QR) Code as
(where the an
QR code Attendance
will be Monitoring
printed). System: Its
Acceptability
and
Implications."
The test was
divided into
two parts; the
first part
contains
questions
that assess
how much
teachers are
willing to
accept the
dependability,
efficiency,
 accuracy,
usability, and
security of
the QR Code
Scan
Attendance
Manager
App. The
items in the
second
section
correspond to
teachers'
opinions on
the
effectiveness
of the Scan
Attendance
Manager
App.
Findings/Results The There is a The The findings By having
researchers significant research reveal that this
concluded difference concludes late-coming is system,it
that the between the that the common can help to
cost-benefit weighted proposed among detect a
analysis of average class model to learners in student’s
the proposal attendance record the selected problem (if
is worth percentage of students’ secondary any) at an
around PHP the months attendance schools of early stage
5,598,370; before and was effective Shoshanguve so that the
the after using and . It happens problem
personnel the SAM app. potentially every day for can be
annual It further improves the varying solved
salary will signifies that student reasons. before the
cost about the performance university
PHP attendance of . takes
4,992,480. the class actions on
10 after the the
computers teachers problematic
with an Intel have utilized students.
Core i5 the SAM
processor application
costs PHP has evidently
375,000. shown
Licensed significant
softwares improvement;
 for each of thus the Scan
the Attendance
computers Manager
costs PHP Application
213,000. using Quick
Furniture Response
and fixtures Code is
for the useful not just
computers by providing
cost PHP convenience
12,000. to teachers,
Stationeries but
and importantly it
supplies virtually
cost PHP eliminates
5,890. absences.

Limitations This This research Study is N/A This

research is is limited only limited to research is
limited only to the Elementary, limited to
to the students of Middle the
students of National High School, and Academic
QCU. School, Highschool Affairs
Dagohoy, Teachers Division
Bohol. and only.
Superintend
ents.
STEP 4:

Summarizing Evidence:

Citation 1: QR Code Attendance with SMS Notification

Technology can potentially change traditional educational processes. One such process that
almost every school does manually is keeping track of the student’s attendance which can be inefficient.
However, this research project attempts to systematize the old manual attendance system with the use
of QR code. The core features of this is the ability to record student’s time in/out by letting them scan
each of their unique codes provided through a scanner, in addition that their attendance will be recorded
in a system that can monitor their attendance. Moreover, this will also generate an SMS message to the
parent of the student if their child arrived at the campus. This study concluded that with the
implementation of a QR code attendance system will systematize the attendance system in schools.
Furthermore, the school faculty will now have a more efficient, timely and accurate method of monitoring
and recording attendances. (Jario, 2021)

Citation 2: Perception Towards RFID Based Attendance System

RFID can produce real-time attendance monitoring that can be accessed by various parties
such as the school faculty and parents. With this, the students who are absent or skipping classes will
easily be determined and can be taken into immediate action. This study aims to view the perception of
selected participants from Unida Christian Colleges (UCC) in the possible implementation of an RFID
based attendance system. The study used a purposive sampling method in order to gather participants.
The researchers used an interview guide with questions formulated from other studies. After collecting
the data, it was analyzed by using the descriptive analysis method. After conducting the various
interviews, the researchers concluded that the majority of the selected participants knew what RFID is.
Their perception towards having an RFID based attendance system implemented to UCC was positive.
(Solo et al., 2020)

Citation 3: A Student’s Attendance Using QR Code

Manual attendance monitoring each class is a time consuming process, which in return takes up
a portion of lecture time. However, now that smartphones became the more preferred companions rather
than desktops or notebooks, this research proposed a system that will integrate smartphones with
attendances - and that system is based on QR code. An attendance system wherein the students must
verify their presence by scanning a code. This research also explains the high level of implementation
details, in addition that this system also verifies student’s identity in order to prevent false registrations.

Citation 4: A Review of Factors Associated with Student’s Lateness Behavior and Dealing
Strategies

Student lateness behavior is considered an educational problem that leads to delayed follow-up
curriculum. However, this study aimed to systematically review studies that investigate factors
associated with students' lateness behavior and dealing strategies. There were at least 24 papers and
reports reviewed regarding lateness behavior, and was analyzed and organized according to the
definitions of lateness and various factors associated with students' lateness behavior and dealing
strategies. After conducting the analysations, the researcher found conclusive evidence from the
reviewed literature in regards to the topic, yet the amount of articles supporting it was small. Finally, the
researcher concluded that dealing with disruptive behavior of students in the classroom is one of the
most challenging things from a professor’s perspective. The study recommended further investigations
and analysis could be beneficial to obtain a complete vision of patterns of lateness behavior and coping
strategies for the student.

Citation 5:Factors That Caused Tardiness in Class Attendance of Students in Tagaytay City
Science National High School

It shows that 8 respondents, or 53.33%, are absent from class between two and three times every
week. Six respondents, or 40%, agreed that travel time to school is the main cause of students arriving
late for class. Five respondents, or 33.33%, preferred behavior issues, and four respondents, or 26.67%,
favored financial issues. In order to address students' tardiness, 53.33% of respondents support
teachers using an incentive system. 13.33% of the respondents, or 2, are in support of informing parents
when their children are absent from school.

Citation 6: Student Attendance Monitoring System Using QR Code

There are schools that are still behind when it comes to technology and its advantages.
However, with technology being improved everyday, it can give the old attendance system in schools an
upgrade with the use of QR code. With this technology, it can monitor and record a person’s arrival,
departure as well as the absence of a student.This system will be able to give a sense of accuracy
regarding the attendance of every student in the class. The researchers aim to improve the attendance
system of Quezon City University (QCU). The proposed system is split into two separate forms; first is
the admin login form where it will generate summary reports based on the attendances, this can only be
accessed and monitored by specific people (e.g. admins, professors in charge), second is the scanning
form where students will be able to scan their codes. The cost-benefit analysis of this proposal is worth
around PHP 5,598,370; the personnel annual salary will cost about PHP 4,992,480. The expenses (e.g.
hardware, software) will cost around PHP 605,890. The total amount will cost PHP 5,598,370.

Citation 7: Efficacy of Scan Attendance Manager Application Using Quick Response Code

This study primarily aimed to assess the efficacy of Scan Attendance Manager Application
using Quick Response Code as perceived by the teachers in Dagohoy National High School, Dagohoy,
Bohol, Philippines, School Year 2019-2020. It utilized Descriptive-Comparative research design through
survey methods. It was concluded that the Scan Attendance Manager is a reliable application wherein
teachers could conveniently use to monitor class attendance by simply scanning the QR code
embedded to each student's ID. His application, which is recommended for use, delivers effective data
output from identifying absent pupils to producing reports. There is no need to worry about producing the
reports because the data generated by the SAM application is unquestionably accurate, as all
teacher-respondents fully concur. Additionally, it was determined that the Scan Attendance Manager
software can be utilized for a variety of activities given that attendance will need to be tracked in addition
to tracking attendance in the classroom. Furthermore, the attendance data report was safely kept in the
SAM database, and since only the teachers have access, there is no reason for them to be concerned
about privacy. The weighted average class attendance % in the months prior to and following the use of
the SAM app differs significantly. The Scan Attendance Manager Application employing Quick Response
Code is valuable not only by offering ease to teachers, but more importantly, it nearly eliminates
absences, as further evidenced by the class attendance after the teachers had used the SAM
application. The teachers' perceptions of the Scan Attendance Manager App's effectiveness across the
five categories differ significantly. Teachers have a strong perception of the effective output that Scan
Attendance Manager can deliver in terms of its general function of observing attendance in classes
among the five categories.

Citation 8: IoT-School Attendance System Using RFID Technology

Nowadays, the world has known great changes which accelerated the mode of life.
Students, on their part have become to expect a stimulating and simple learning experience which takes
into consideration this quick pace and helps them solve the stereotypical problems of learning. The
analyses conducted in this paper revealed that the recording of attendance in classrooms is done at the
expense of the teaching- learning time. Therefore, the article at hand seeks to investigate an effective
means to record attendance in a way which doesn’t hinder learning. Differently put, the educational and
administrative staffs need to find an effective way to record students’ attendance at presential at the
beginning of each learning session without affecting the time allotted to teaching and learning. This
article presents and discusses the smart attendance monitoring system in smart classroom as a means
to reduce the dropout rate, using connected objects and RFID technology. This system can facilitate the
recording of students’ attendance via the Internet of things (IoT) at presential while transmitting
attendance record to the administration. At the same time, parents can keep track of their children's
attendance to classes through a notification they receive via Email or SMS. In addition, the system
automatically sends missed lessons to absent students.

Citation 9:

Citation 10: Student’s Attendance Monitoring System with SMS Notification

Students’ attendance in a university is commonly being monitored by lecturers and the

Academic Affairs Division (AAD) as it may help to identify students’ problems at an early stage. This
project aims to monitor the students who have the possibility to be absent from classes for more than the
permissible percentage. Thus, the purpose of this research is to develop a students’ attendance
monitoring system with Short Message Services (SMS) notification or also known as SAMS.This
system helps the AAD to manage the absenteeism report from lecturers and it automatically sends the
information through SMS notification to the parents and the students themselves. The system has
been developed using the Waterfall Model methodology that consists of five phases which are
analysis, design, impleMentation, testing, and documentation.The results from the usability testing
show that SAMS can help lecturers to monitor students’ absenteeism more easily and efficiently.
Furthermore, the integration of the system with SMS is very useful as it can directly notify the parents
regarding their children’s attendance problem.

Concept Review

Theme 1: Manual Way of Taking Attendance

The managers of educational institutions around the world are worried about the regular
attendance of students, as a consequence practicing the conventional way of attendance monitoring
(e.g. by calling names or signing on a paper), attendance monitoring can therefore be unreliable and
time-consuming (Agrawal and Bansal, 2013). To add to that, Lun (2019) stated that the manual way of
taking attendance consumes the lecturer's valuable time. Besides that, human errors can easily occur
during the recording, as well as this can easily be tampered with and cheat other student’s attendances.

Theme 2: QR Code as an Attendance System

The Quick Response code or simply “QR code” has been gaining notable attention due to its
versatile nature and easy usage. Due to its characteristics, many schools are adopting it as their means
for attendance. Advantages like; monitoring the student’s time-in and out as well as lessened paper
works for attendance sheets - can be beneficial both for teachers and students (Barlin, 2019). On the
other hand, Gayatri (n.d.) discussed how with the aid of an attendance system can help not only schools,
but also other organizations into saving time and money which was otherwise lost in monitoring and
updating information while using the manual method of taking attendance.

Theme 3: Why QR Code is More Suitable than RFID for Attendance

An article published by Asti Infotech in 2017 stated that with the implementation of RFID
attendance in schools, monitoring attendance of students will become more simple. Students who are
present will be

An article made by EduSys (2019) stated that

Theme 4: Parent SMS and Student Security

Theme 5: Going Green with QR

Study Review

Theme 1: Student Attendance Using QR Code

 As the system verifies attendance by using users' identities, locations, and timestamps during user
login and logout, it demonstrates that full attendance increases. Users that claim that the mobile
application speeds up the event registration procedure tend to be quite satisfied with this type of
solution.

Theme 2: System for Tracking Student Attendance and Sending SMS

The results from the usability testing show that SAMS can help lecturers to monitor students’
absenteeism more easily and efficiently. Furthermore, the integration of the system with SMS is very
useful as it can directly notify the parents regarding their children’s attendance problem.

Theme 3: Efficiency of Quick Response Code Scan Attendance Manager Application

The result signifies that Scan Attendance Manager (SAM), as expected, provides efficient data
output from detecting absent students to generating reports, thus it is advisable to use. As also
mentioned, SAM application is a cost-effective strategy, as it doesn't need paper to check the
attendance.

Theme 4: Tagaytay City Science National High School Students Tardiness

It shows that 8 respondents, or 53.33%, are absent from class between two and three times
every week. Six respondents, or 40%, agreed that travel time to school is the main cause of students
arriving late for class. Five respondents, or 33.33%, preferred behavior issues, and four respondents, or
26.67%, favored financial issues. In order to address students' tardiness, 53.33% of respondents support
teachers using an incentive system. 13.33% of the respondents, or 2, are in support of informing parents
when their children are absent from school.

Theme 5: Student’s Lateness Behavior and Dealing Strategies

Results of the study revealed that, three out of 60 respondents are always late,eight said they are
sometimes late, 12 said they are seldom late and 37 said that they never get late due to late-night use of
Facebook.

Theory Review

Theme 1:
Tut

STEP 5:

Synthesis:

The collection of related studies both foreign and local, in regards QR attendance provided
relevant information on how implementing such a system will benefit schools/institutes for its efficient
monitoring of student’s attendances, in addition to added security for parents because of its SMS features.
However, none of these research studies explored how this will impact a student’s behavior towards their
schedules, particularly their late behavior. For this reason, the researchers also gathered several studies
(foreign and local) pertaining to student’s tardiness and their reasons for being late. With all of these pieces
of information put through, the researchers found a gap in the body of knowledge that can potentially be
bridged with this study.
 This study will focus on how implementing a QR attendance system will impact a student’s late
behavior towards their schedules. It will propose a prototype system that will be used for pilot testing as
well as select students who will participate. The results should cover their performance (i.e. time entering
the campus, late attendances, etc.) as well as the percentage of their parent’s who are in favor of
continuing this project. Recommendations for future researchers is to implement a similar system, but on a
larger scale (e.g. more participants, wider locale).