SCRIBD $& Download now turbine are based on a blade-element-momentum (BEM) theory code [15]. The power and torque curves are used for further analyses of the active speed stall control concepts. B. Generator modeling ‘The generator characteristics and cost model are deseribed in Table 2. Fig, 6 gives a cross section of four pole pitches of the DDPM generator. The size of generator is related to the torque, which is a function of the force density of generator. The power and torque produced by the generator can be written as Prag = Ou To 2 a) Prom is the generator power, isthe mechanical angular speed of the generator, To is the generator torque, ry isthe air-gap radius of the generator, 1, isthe axial stack length of the generator, and Fy is the air gap force density (the force per square metre of active air gap surface area) The force density does not vary a lot with the size of the machine. Therefore, these equations can be used to obtain a fast estimate of the machine dimensions. ‘The generator power Pri» and efficiency mon are described electrically as follows; Fig. 0 Tinea Vv The rough de B S/3.S¥0 | NEF 1 coss-section ofa PM synehronous generator [1] GENERATOR DESIGN AND COMPARISON sign results of DDPM generators with piteh control and active speed stall control concepts are summarized in Table 3, which h gives some dimensions and weight of active materials of the generators, The dimensions and the weight of the three differe int active speed stall control concepts of the power limited, the torque limited and the speed limited are the A. Pitch conirol When the the power is lin Therefore, the cables are all 10 itch control concept is used in the wind turbine, ited to 10 MW by pitching the rotor blades. power ratings of generator, converter and MW. Fig. 7 depicts the steady-state operation characteristics of the turbine with this control concept, At low wind speeds, the turbine is operated at maximum aerodynamic efficiency up to the rated rotor speed of 10 rpm. At high wind Pay =3-U, 1, 0088 (4) speeds. this control concept keeps the speed at 10 rpm. By Pa (5) _ imegratng the area below the graph of energy as function of ae pe swind speed, the annual energy yield can be obtained. For where energy yield calculations, an average wind speed of 10 m/s U, isthe line voltage, and with @ Weibull distribution [1] is used in this paper. From a i these results, it ean be concluded that the energy yield could 1, isthe line current of the generator. be increased considerably by increasing the generator system power. The annual energy yield of this control concept is 48.4 ahle? Genero characteris and cost adi GWhas described in Table 4 Generator characteris Table 3 Generator dimension and wight Sls filing ator by 075) ice ich Tama eo Remunent fox deny of the magacts Bw operating D contol | Spec, Powerand Tory limited sempre (7) : 5 esol pemcabiliy ofthe monte “| esensions Resist ofcupperst operating temperate A (in) 002s 5 s Tiddy-crrt losses in laminations at 1.5 T ad 50 Ha Wk) os 6 24 Hysteresis in kaminations at 1.3 and 80 H2 Wika) 2] [Airsap.e mm) 0 0 Cont modeling Active material wiht Power clevtonics cont KW) 70] [iron com | a Laminationssont (ka) 3) [cenperttom 1 | copper cost (Ek) is PM Gon) a 3 act cont (Ck) 35 oval (on) 6 a