Proportion

Mathematics 9 Quarter 3:Week 5

 WHAT YOU WILL LEARN

• describe a proportion, and solve problems

involving ratio and proportion

• apply the fundamental theorem of

proportionality to solve problems involving
proportion
Lesson 1: Ratio and Proportion

FINDING THE RATIO

 RATIO

Ratio is the comparison between

two quantities of the same units. It
is the result of comparing them by The ratio of triangles to squares.
division. The ratio or rate can be represented in
four ways.

2: 3 (colon form)
2÷3 (division form)
2 𝑡𝑜 3 (phrase form)
2
(fraction form)
3
 EXAMPLES

1. Find the ratio of a to b if a = 6 cm and b = 8 cm.

2. There are 3 apples and 5 bananas, what is the ratio of bananas to apples?

3. Find the ratio of 1 meter to 20 centimeters.

CONCEPT CHECK

Express as ratios in simplest forms.

In a certain room, there are 28 women and 21 men.

→ What is the ratio of the number of men to the

number of women?
DID YOU GET IT RIGHT?

Express as ratios in simplest forms.

In a certain room, there are 28 women and 21 men.

→ What is the ratio of the number of men to the

number of women?

21: 28 or 3: 4
CONCEPT CHECK

Express as ratios in simplest forms.

In a certain room, there are 28 women and 21 men.

→ What is the ratio of the number of women to the

total number of people?
DID YOU GET IT RIGHT?

Express as ratios in simplest forms.

In a certain room, there are 28 women and 21 men.

→ What is the ratio of the number of women to the

total number of people?

28: 49 or 4: 7
CONCEPT CHECK

Express as ratios in simplest forms.

Eight out of 30 passengers are tourists. Find the ratio of

the number of tourists to the number of other
passengers.
DID YOU GET IT RIGHT?

Express as ratios in simplest forms.

Eight out of 30 passengers are tourists. Find the ratio of

the number of tourists to the number of other
passengers.

8: 22 or 4: 11
Lesson 1: Ratio and Proportion

PROPORTION
 PROPORTION

A proportion is the equality

between two ratios.

If ratios 𝑎:𝑏 and 𝑐:𝑑 are equal, the

proportion formed can be written in two
ways:
𝑎 𝑐
𝑎:𝑏 =𝑐:𝑑 or = , where b ≠ 0, 𝑑 ≠ 0
𝑏 𝑑

and is read as “a is to b as c is to d”.

 PROPORTION

terms
𝑎: 𝑏 𝑐: 𝑑
2: 3 = 4: 6
means
12 12
extreme
2: 3 = 4: 6 2 4
=
12 3 6
12 Two ratios are proportional if the
product of the means is equal to the
product of the extremes
 EXAMPLE

If two ratios can be simplified into the same ratio, then the two ratios form a
proportion.

4: 6 9: 12 8: 12 10: 25

Since the answers are both 48, then the

ratios are equal, and the proportion is
TRUE.
 Properties of Proportion
PROPERTY

Cross Multiplication
Property
then

Alteration Property then

Inverse Property then

Addition Property then

Subtraction Property then

Sum Property of the Original

then
Proportion
 EXAMPLE
𝑥 4
Use a proportion = to complete each statement.
𝑦 9

1. 4𝑦 = 𝟗𝒙 Cross Multiplication Property

𝑥 𝒚
2. = Alteration Property
4 𝟗
𝑥+𝑦 4+9 𝟏𝟑 Addition Property
3. = =
𝑦 9 𝟗
Lesson 1: Ratio and Proportion

Word Problems
Involving Proportions
You have decided to make brownies for your family. The recipe calls
for 3 cups of flour to make 20 brownies. How much cup of flour is
needed to make 80 brownies?
In a photograph, Jane is 9 cm tall and her brother John is 10 cm tall.
Jane’s actual height is 153 cm.What is John’s actual height?
Lesson 2: Apply the Fundamental Theorems
of Proportionality to Solve Problems
Involving Proportion

Basic Proportionality Theorem

 Basic Proportionality
Theorem
If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a
triangle and intersects the other two sides in
distinct points, then it divides the sides into
segments which are proportional to these
sides.
 Basic Proportionality
Theorem
In Δ𝐴𝐵𝐶, if X and Y are points on AB and
AC, respectively such that 𝑋𝑌 is parallel
to 𝐵𝐶, then
𝑨𝑿 𝑨𝒀
=
𝑨𝑩 𝑨𝑪
In the given Δ𝐴𝐶𝐸 at the right, 𝐵𝐷 ∥ 𝐴𝐸. Find |DE|.
Lesson 2: Apply the Fundamental Theorems
of Proportionality to Solve Problems
Involving Proportion

Converse of the Basic

Proportionality Theorem
 Converse of the Basic
Proportionality Theorem
If a line intersects two sides of a triangle
and the sides are divided into segments
which are proportional, then the line is
parallel to the third side.
 Converse of the Basic
Proportionality Theorem
In Δ𝐴𝐵𝐶, if X is a point between A and
B, and Y is a point between A and C, and
𝐴𝑋 𝐴𝑌
= then, 𝑿𝒀||𝑩𝑪
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶
 In Δ𝑊𝑋𝑌, is 𝐿𝑃 ∥ 𝑋Y ?

Since the ratios form a proportion,

then we can say that 𝐿𝑃 ∥ 𝑋Y