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    Vildgaber e Osnovy Zatsepleniia Konicheskikh i Gipoidnykh Pe

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    Vildgaber e Osnovy Zatsepleniia Konicheskikh I Gipoidnykh Pe

    Uploaded by

    RZW R

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    3. BAABATABEP oF ' es tel | a wd, 2 - OCHOBDI 3AIENAEHVMSI KOHUUECKUX UW PVTOWAH DIX ; NEPEAAY MAITU 3 19048 BHBJIHOTPA@HH 1, Gear footh Curvatures Treated Simply, American machinist,“ 1945 August 30. 2, Basic Relationship of Bevel Gears, ,American machinist*, 1945, Septem- ber 27. § 3. Relative Curvature Controls Gear Tooth Surface Strength, .Machinist,“ 1946, January 12, vol. 89, No. 40. 4. Special Analysis of Gear Mesh Clarifies Curvature Conditions, . Machinist, 1946, February 2nd. & Precision Bevel Gears Cut Quickly, ,American machinist", 1945, June 7 6, True Circular Are Tooth Profiles Provide Accurate Gears, ,American machinist". 1945, June 21, No, 13. 7, Basic Relationship of Hypoid Gears, ,Machinist-, 1946, June Ist vol. 90, No. 8. ®. Ditto, .Machinist, 1946, June 8, vol. 90, No. 9. 9, Ditto. ,Macbinist*, 1946, June 22, vol. 90. No. 11. 10. Ditto, .Machinist", 1946, September 28, vol. 90, No. 25. 11. Ditto, ,Mactunist*, 1946, October 26, vol. 90, No. 29. 12. Ditto, .Machinist*, 1946, November 23, vol. 90, No. 33. 13, Ditto, .Machinist™, 1946, November 30, vol. 90, No. 34. 14, Ditto, ,Machinist", 1946, December 14, vol. $0, No. 36. _ Lee BRGY 1048. Ar Ne. 22h OT ABJIEHHE TIRECOCHCEOn., |. sq SeMi- Meo Bed a) ee eee BRenenne ee ee ee ee Yacmy J. Unaundpuneckue ut konuneckue nepedain Paana 1. Kpannaia nonepanocrn syGnen uauagpuueckux xonce .. . . 15 Vaana 2. Ocnoexwe cootnomenia saemcmron KouMuecKMx KoRec, .. . 24 Paana 3. Bacoxonponspommreabuiit mero. ueupepusuore upotarusarus TouHbIX KOMWMMECKHX KOMec . 2... = i. a acme Il Ocnosnete coomnomenux 2nemenmos z2unoudnex nepedat Taapa 4 Kunemaraka ranonquoi nepemau. .........-+-. 67 Vaasa 5, Ornuimteapmne crofictha runowmmpx Konec. . 2... 77 Taasa 6. [pousnonsmme woneca ranonmiok nepemawn. 2. 2... . - 88 Ciiise® 72 Korracr’eyGsen cl. = ee... oe ee 93 Paaea § Conpsxemue aenutenvame nosepxnoctt .. 2... 2. . 10 Tota . CuommxeuneayOres 2... ele ee ee 8 Taana 10. Kocosy6ne runonamwe koneca .. . - . er ewe ee ee 1 TPaasa 11. Hpoekruposanwe runouinvix Konec, HapesaemHx no ZRycTO- poruemy cnocoby .. 2... 2s Meet LE ore Wo 134 Kommentapun . - a pou Pe 153 SRSRSUAtC) | eee Oe ete, A SY. eo. ee . MWe FIPEQUCLOBHE Jlanwan Kenra BKAWuaeT nepeBogt 14 ¢crateli Spuecta Buabara- 6epa, ony6inkonanHBx B wWypHasax ,AMepHKen MamuENCT’, ,Ma- muunct® (lennon) 3a nepron 1945—1946 rr. Nepesoaw crate HOMCLICHH B KBUTe H XpOHOAOrHYecKOM NopAAKe MX uB/laHHA, Spectr Bunparabep ye mucro net usgecten B CCCP w ysxon KPYFY CHeuHamHcToL, HHTepeCylOMIMxca MpoeKTHpOBanvem H Hsro- TOBACHHEM KOHHYCCKHX CHHPaJbHLIX KOWEC. On sBaserca ns06pe- Tarenem psa syOuaTHx mepelay HM MeTOOB MX HarOTOBAeHHS B nocnennne rok! um npeznoxeH MeTOA HeUpepHeHoro mpo- taruBanusa (pupocaiiKa). Spuect BuabaraGep cBa3san Co craBkocrpontembAoh upMok Tancon Bopxc, spaniometica amepHkancKyM MOHONOAHCTOM B AeTe NZPOTOBACKHA SyGOPESHLIX CTAHKOB AA MPOKSBOACTBA KOHMNECKRX nepegay C MpaAMBIMH w CHApasbHEME (KpyrOBEMk) 3y6bamH, a TAWKE Konec RAR THTOMLRHX Kepenar. Tlpoextupopasve KoBMueCKHX H, OCO6eHHO, rHNnONTHEIx sy6ua- wx Nepemay c KpyroBuMM 3y6baAMH, a Take Pacuer TPebyemHx as HX H3FOTOBIEHHA HHCTPyMeHTOB H 21eMeHTOB Halanok 3y6o- PeSHLIX CTAaHKOR CBAsaH CO SHATHTEABHEIMY BEMHCANTeBUBIMH TPyL- socTAMH. upma Fancon cua6aKaeT noxynatenei CcravkOB HACTpyKuNAME RO PacueTy SACMEATOB nepe ay H SACMERTOB HacTponKn CTahKOB- ToabKO To NOsyo6kKaTHHM Nepenayam (opMeht) NOZOGHbIe HHCTPyK- WKH He BCHMaIOTCA, w dupa Tancon cava npowzBoAvT neo6xo- ube pacueThi. r Cnenyer Merb B RHAY, YTO BHBOMOR GonLwHECTREA dopMyz, MpHBeTeEHHX B yKasaHHwIX HHCTpykKuHAX, dupma Txucow He ony- 6ankoBiipaet. Hecmotpa Ha 570, yacTh hopmy., Kacawuxca Cnu- PambHO-KOHHYECKHX nepeAay, ye OOOCHOBAHA B COBETCKOM TH- Tepatype. He cnenyeT ZYMaTb, YTO B APABERCHHEIX SyeCh CTATbAX 5. Buarnra6epa mOuHO HaRTH OTEETH Ha RCe BONpECH, KOTOpLE BOSHHKaoT MPH. PacyeTaX, MPOHSROMMMEX COrtacHO MHCTPyKilnaM qupMut Pancou. Ooh zens MomanHeM BOMpOCH, Han6Oee Ba KHEIE B NpakTHyecKOM OTHOIMeHHH. Mado Toro, NO HeKOTOpE™M BONpOcaM aBTOP, HOBKHNMMOMY, CTPEMHTCH YBeCTH UMTATeA OT TEX METCLOB pacsela, KOTOPbe HM HCNOJL3OB4KbI NpW CocTaplesuH HRHCTpyKUBA qupmer Taoucow. Cioma moxno oTvectH, HaNpHMEp, pacueTH BHETO- 3 BOTO NpOHsBOAAiNero KOAeCa, YKAsaHHA NO BHOOpy pacmosOKeHMA oc MpowsBoOAA(Wero Koseca, PacueTH ycnoBuh sayenAcHHA B Ae- SHTEADHOM MMOCKOCTH HT. MI. Aprop ne ctpemurca TaxxKe oGocHoBaTL umM CHaOQHTh AOCTa- TOWRHIMH MOKaSATETLCTBAMK HSAaraeMEIe AM NOOKeUMA, 2 TAKKE CheaTb BX AOCTATOUNO NOHATHLIMK AA 4HTATelA. Tax, HanpuMep, coBepuierntio He oG6ocHOBaHO H He MOACHEHO TOHATHE O KPHBHSHEe 4HHHA sy6a, KOTOPOMy aBTOp, NOBAAHMOMY, TIpHAaer BAxKHOe SHAUeHHe, Tak KaK M3-3a Hero B CuAbHOM CTemeHH OCNOwKHeH PacueT SMeMeHTOR THTONAHON nepema4H. Hecmorpa wa To, nyOmHKyeMble craTLH MpeacTaBistoT GombUOn HHTepec, Japa NpelcraBiewve O MaTeMaTuyeCKOM anmnapate, pa3- pa6oTaHnom Bujbsra6epom Mp CO3HauMH COXKHEX MpOCTPaHcTBeH- Hux Hepesay. Jlaa oOseryenua NOHHMAHMA H3NaraeMOrO MaTepuasa B BBeACHHH OCBeMCH PH MeTOROB avannsa MpocTpaHcTBeHHHX gaulenienuit H 10 HEKOTOPHIM BONpPOCaM JjaHH KOMMeHTapAH, 2O- MOABMTeIbAIE PACYHKK HAM BEBO dopMy.- [y6auxyemuli nepenon nompasgened Ha raaBbl H pasqerb B CO- OTBeTCTBHM C ConepxKaHtemM H3JaraemorO mMaTepHasa, NpHieM MpA- HMIOCh HECKOADKO OTCTYNUTE OT GyKRaMbHOrO CMbIca 3aronOBKOB, KOTOPHMH GLI cHAOKeHHI OTMe4bHHe CTaTbM aRTOpa. B naqaso rNaBhl, MOCBAUeHHOR THNOMAHLIM MepenavaM, TakxKe BKMIOYeHO HeOOMbUIOE BBCeHHe, OCBellaiollee OCHORHEIe NOHATHA OO S1eMCH- Tax THNOHAHOM MepesqayH HM COOTBETCTRYOWIyYiO TepMHKOAOrHIO. Kommentapuy 4 olonnenus, Caeransble nepeBOmYMKOM, Ka panel MWeTHTOM, CCLVIKH Ha Hux yXa3sauH WMppamd B KsanpaTHux CKOG6- KaX, a HOMEpa COOTBETCTByIOUIMX buryp CONPOBORAAaIOTCA SHAKOM *- A. Caenak % BREEHHE (O17 nepesoaunx a) Hieesenonanns caox%neX 3yOuaTHX Tepelat mpoctpanctrensoro tuna O6paKO OCYMNECTBAMWTCH MOCPeNCTBOM YACTHBIX METOAOB, OCHORAHMHIX Ha YaCTEHX cBOli- CTBaX OTACADHLIX THIOB Nepexay. Meroysl, WocpencTBOM KOTOPLIX ucCneRORATHCE, MaNpHMcp, TiOGOuMANbUbIe YepEHuNEIE NepeLaw, He MOTH GbiTh HCNOMDsOBAHE NAA MCcACLOWAHN KOMYeCKHX sy6uaTHXx KONCC CO CIMpanbHLINH ayGEaMn, 1 Ha- ‘060por. i Merons, paspa6oranmie 9. Bumra6epo Jui Heenexonanun KoHNNecKEX H FRNOMUIEIX Tepeqat, MoryT 6th B sHatuTexBHOM CreneRM HeMORLsOBAHE TaAKKE 4 Luk HCCHEAOBAHMA APYCHX Nepesay Mpoctpancreewhoro Tuna, nanpAMep, sep- BAYHDIX WIM BHUTOBEIX. Pax nosoxennii, MpHnexeHuax Bunssra6epom Ge3 neransxoro oGocHORaHHA, CTAHOBUTEH TOHSTHEM, ECM HCXOANTS NB cROiCIRA BuHTa M KOMMeKca ero Ay4el. B cuay sroro HMKe B KpatKoli (opMe wAMI HEAOIKCHEI OcHOPULIE NOHATHA O BHATe, KOMMeKCe ayuel RHATa, COMpMKEMMAX AMNHAX BHHTA, yCNOBNAX KoRTAKTA H crIO- coGax noctpoenna xuanh mrnonentioro woxraxra. a) BUT NorstHe o nyse spasietcs OcHORHDIM B TeopHiT Sallennentin mepenay va cxpe- MUnAIOMIXCH OcHx. SIO ENOMHE ECTECTREHHO, TAK KAK OTHOCHTEMLHOe MrHOBeHHOE RBhMEHNE KONEC TEKOH Nepeneun PPARETCA RuUTOBUM. OCb YTOrO RBHKCHUA HASBI- Ba€TCH CCLIO MFHORCHROFO BHHTOBOTO EHX CHns. Buntoxoe rswikenne xapakTepusyercs yraovol CKOpOCTbIO w; BOKPYT onpe- exentoi och Vu noctynatenpnoi cKopocrii u, napannensnol on V. TJouxa, nomywalonan GHHTOKOe ABwACHHe, ONKCHBAeT BHUTOBYIO anno (dur. 1} Tipe yraoroft cxopocii «; Leek 1 noctynatersnoi exopoctn tt scat/cer war BHHTOBOK nneuH L;, T. €. OCeROe TepememMenHe TOUKH 3a CAKE ee OGopoT, ompenenurca no dopmyne Beansuna wara £; wim mépametpa A ve TABHCHT MK OT paccroaitia Fr Ot TOUKH 10 OCH, AU OF aSCOMIOTHNK BEMHIHK UH w;, A TOAbKO OT HK ornomennT ToakH mpoctpaticTaa, KOTOPOMY COOHMeHO OTIPERCKCHHOE BHHTOBOS ABHMERHE, One chBawOT BRHTOBAC AHHH OMMHAKOBEX xona Mapamerpa. Tog BYTOM 8 AanbHeiueM 6yneM nompasymenar cOBOKYMHOCTE BCEX BUHTOEKX HHHI C COUCH OCbIO H ONMHAKOBLIMH TapametpamH (xO- amu). Bust ¢ ocho V « mapaMetpom A obosnaazerca cumnonom (V, fh). Bantosoe abwxenue oGosnauaerca cumponom (V, 0; 2) nan (V, o; h). Yrou mexay Ocbi0 H KacatensHok K BHNTOBOM AUHHH O6O3HauaeTcH ,. Yron uoxpema 3To% BunToROH au- AH — D. x Eeau rouxa A yyacreyer 3 Bitu- zonom gewkenun (V, h), 70 1n0- ckocre J, nepremukyanpuad K BKATO- Pur, 2. soit zuenat, onucemaemoit tovKod A, wassieaerca uoAIpHOK MAOCKOCTHIO TOIKK A, KOTOpan 8 CROW O¥CpeNs HasiIBAeTCA TomOCOM ToAApHOK umocKOcTH f. Vis06pasam yraoby1 ckopocrh Bexropom w; (par. 2'}, OTMOXCHHAN BAOA’ OC! BpauleHis B HanpaRnenui, ObpaTHom ~BwKeuMtO YacoBoi ETpeakH. EcnH ®& BHHTO- BOM ABMKEHHA MOCTYMarembHad CKOpocTh (CKOABIKeHHe) CoBMaRAeT GO Hanpasae- HM C BEKTOPOM YraonO! CKOPdCTH, 70 TaKOe BHHTOBOe AAMKeHHe NpHHAINeKHT FeBOMY SHHTY. a MPH NPOTKOTONOKHOM HANpasMcHM BeKTOPOS Bpautcutin w eKoamKenna — npasomy sunry (our. 2'). 36) KOMIMIEKC JYYEH BHHTA Tlonarwe o Komuaesce ayseit ausra 1 cuoficreax arHX ayseit urpacr seceMa BAIKKyIO POmh R TeOpilM K MpAKTHKe HCCKeTOBAHUR Borpocos MpoctpancrReHURK sauenaennitt, 1 P. Cormac D. Sc, Tpaxtat 0 BKHTax, GepsAYHeix KOnecax, TepBAKAX MT. x. 6 B paGorax 3. Buavaradepa csoiicrsa Kommackca aydeft akura rawKe HCTOAb- syiorca B OCTaTONHO GoAbMDH cremeHH, HO Ges MOKasarenbcrs, JIyaH KoMMMeKca wueiyiorca BaatxraGepOM ,KOnTaKT-HOpManiMn" Tiepen, onmcaiem croficre KomMmneKca Ay4eli punta NCOOXONMMO OSHAKOMHTECA co caenywoulel Teopesoii: Ecau ompesox AB (ue. 3) dsuncemcn max, “mo cKopocms Va, 6 mouxe A xopmaabHa x ompexky AB, mo u ckopocms Vg 6 mouxe B maxsce nopmaabha © ompeary AB. Jlsukeane town B \MoxmkHo paccafpueaTh Kak pesyaeTar moctynaTeabuore apwxeuta Bcero orpeaka AB co ckopocriio Va Mt pamllarensHoro avnxcnue rosku B soxpyr A. Takum oGpas0m cKO- pocts Vg Mono paccmarpunate Kak cyM- My ckopocta spanjenua Vag u cKopo cra Va. Yurrnnas, wo Va t Vag wep nenmuKyanpan K AB, noayunm, “ro Vg yakxe nepnemu«yanpHa x AB. Komnaexcom .tytei sunma nasei- saemen COsoKYnHOCMh MpAMUx AUK (ayweil), y xomopux npu yxacmuu 6 sun- mosnx OsuncenuRx OaKHoto suKma mpackmopuu ecex mo%tex nepnenducy- ARH KCAMUM ALKA, Tak Kak BCe MpHniwe, npoxoammue & mockoctn F (pur. 1') depes rouxy A, our. 3', ur. 4. MCPNCHRAKYAAPAN K BHHTOROM tpackropuH TONKH A, TO Bce ON ABASOTCA AYGAM aausioro sunra. Komanexe ayuelt punta concept oo3 ayaent. Slyan nunra o6aa- aaior chenytouannt caoficroasn: 1. Boe HopMaak K BUITORLIM auHUsM BHETa iRaMOTCA aydaMN KOMITEKCA BKHTA. Sr surekaer W3 npasenetuolt sure Teopent. 2, Ha dur. 4’ toma aa’, pacnonoxcnnan na paccromunn r; ot ocu V, copep- macT BHUTOROE ABHKEeHHe c MapameTpoM A. Mpovegew niocKkocth J, nepneuaukyaspryio K TpaeKTOpHH TOUKH aa’, # pac- CMOTPHM B Heli {Be NPAMHE, TOPHSOHTARDHBIe MpoeKuMA KOTOpEIX ab u ac. Ste MpAMUe cOCTaBAMOT Cc OCbIO yrusi cooTBeTcTBEHHO , H Pp. Us tpeyrospnnKon a’k'c’ n a'k'cy’ EP, -* Rc’ tg? ~ Kal ae Tak kak ®;—yrou nogsewa BHNTOBOH auMMH ¢ pagnycoM ry, nOZyNAeM rylg @, = rete &y = h = const. Nockoasky npanan ac a nmocxocru J 6niaa BuGpaita mponssoabKo, sce 2yun xomnaekca sunma oGnadiuom ceotiemsox rig® ay Fue F—pacctonnue or aya 0 0ci —yron ayua c ocow; f—napamerp auura, 7 3, Kanknas TOuKa mpocrpanctsa Moxer 61ITL mpuusta 38 Momoc KaKoB-TO uo- ASpHol jAOCKOCTH, COnepKaWeli oo> nyueH, MpOxonAMHX Tepes TomoC, BE KaxNOK HpOuaBeALHO eastol B Npoctparerse nuoeKOCTH WoXHO OMpeLeAAT. TomOC, T. &. pacnoncxenne ayset Bmura, aexamEX 2 rannoit nocKocTu. His conoKxymmocrH cof nopmasc kK 106i noBepxnocru (KourpyeMuun HopManeli) MOXHO RbeMNTE COT nopéasell, azasiouxe ayyanu janncro prsra. Tak, Hanpuntep, xa dur. 5’ Ba nObepxXHoctH F BHeMcCHO Co! HOpMaseli, oGpasyloniMx nonepxHocr, // u npHHan- wexaulux KomTmexcy ayyeti OnpenemenHOro 3apaHHOTO BHETA. 4. PaccNoTpHM, KaK PAChOMarawTcA B NPOKSBOABUO! NAOCKOCTH, MepeceKaro- weit OCs nunra, ayuK nannoro BuHra. Ha gur. 6 nxocKocte J nepecexaer och Vy BHHTa B TOUKe A. Tonycris, uro n roue Dy pacnomoxen nomoc ayyeh nannol mmocxoc™ J. Bynem yreanunvate yrom P; maxilova ocn puta x naockoem™ J. Tleawe npu stom G6yxet ipuGamxareen x TouKe A, saunas nonoxeHna Dz, Dg ut. nu. Korna yrox P= 90" noawe npHxoant B touKy A, Ecau = 0%, ro nomoc yrannerca & GecKo- HEWHOCTS, a KYM ay, dy, Oy HT. A erakopATeR neprenazuxyaspaLin x annH AB, npencrasaawrnle cook npoexuni oceli Vy, V2 ¥ T. 4 nr. 5. Taxum o6pasom, 049 onpedeacnus aywii ounma, aexcaunx 6 npouscorrei naocxocmu I, neobxoduuo natimu mouxy A nepecerenust smoi naocKormu e 0con Tu npoeryuo AB ocu V. Hane exenyet w naocKocty J socctapuTe x AB nepnenmnxyasp AD, 1 oraoxnth a nem orpesox AD, =" gp rae h— napamerp uxra. Pacnoxoxerte TouKK D, Ha winun AD; no TY Han BEY! cropoHy ot TOUKH A sapticnT or Hanparaeuts BHNTa. 5. Ecau uaocxoers J napaanemua ocn V (ibur. 7') 4 pacttonowens or nee wa PaccrosHM 7, 10 neKAKMA Ek STOM nNOCKOCTH ayN BHHTA JlomKeH cocTaRHTE € npoexnneli oc yron bp, h gas, @ Tak Kak Bce npsMnie, nexamHe B naCeKOCTH / U MapaanenbuNe svOMy ayay, SyRYT yROBAeTHOpHTH yeaonuT, TO oN Take ByyT Ayyamn BANTa, TaKnm o6pasom, ecu naockccrs J napanaeasia OCH Bua H pacnonoxeHa Be PaCcrosBHH 7o OF OCH, TO AVI BHNTA, MOKaNWe B HEH w Mapennenpnne MeMRY COOH, coctanamwor yrom Pp c acK0, rae tgo— to” n) COMPSYKEHHBIE NPAMBIE BHHTA Nonarne o conpmxennux npsMeix BHHTa Mpoule Bcero Hamocrpupyeren o- CPpenc TBOM OOMeNsBeCTHOFO METOLA CNOMENMA ABYX BPallayesbabIX ABwKeRHK. Ha ‘pur. 8' noxasane ocn ppamatesennx npiwxeRni O,C’ 1 OyC* ¢ mexxocepnim pac- cronies F=Fp-+ Ey 1 mexocennin yraom B=, + Tp 8 | Tlaa onpexereaia ocH MrHOBeUHOrO ABIDKeHHH NEOBKORIMO reoMeT PHNECKEE CHOMMTE BEKTOPH YruOBLIX cKOpocTEt w' Ho" of * Gas i | Sina, sind Bexzop 0; Onpenenser wanpapaenne och MrHOBeHHOTO ABHXCCHHA. Tlonoxenne stoli ock oupercaserca ozpeskamn Fy n Ey: Ep tg ly = Eg tote = he @'y Snece h—napamep srnowennoro mura. Cropocts ckomachia BIO OCH NFHOREHHOTO autDKerHA n= 0" sin Tye E = 0! -sin qp-F. Tlapamerp sunta u _ sinDg-sin yy ant ur. 8’. O6parumca tenep» « dbopmyzan (3'). Stu hopmyau ycranazansawr onpenencti- Ry!0 CBHSE MEXGLY npsmuma O,C’ u OC’ u ocbw’ V suura c napametpom h, JTu- nen O,C’, O2C’ 4 OV nepnenancyanprts x o6meli Hopmann O,O>. Yratr ym T_ w 3, 2 Tawke oTpesKn Ep, Ey a E xapaxrepusylor pachoroxenve npawnx u OCH BuRTa, a hopmyms (3) ycrauabausaior sapucuMocTH MexAy 3THMH BeAHUHAMH. Bue MbI pemiaan Sagayy onpexeneHHN OCH MTHOREHHOTO ABIDKENMA ALA MBYX npamarenpALx neinccamii, Eean nei noctapium coGe WCALIO pa3iOrkiTh BuNTOROE xowxenne (V, A) Ha 7ha DpamatemDHLX, TO HpieM K BuBoxy, 410 MOcTannemias sajaya uncer Oeculicuennoe KoaMUEcTRO peulennii, Taxoe xe KOTHGECTBO PeLIeHbit VMCCT Jada ONPeAeAEHH: LBYX TaKHX MpAMLIXx, KOTOPLLE, HEN OCMyIO HOpMam ¢ ocho V anura (VY. i), ynonnernopaan Gu ypannenusm (3*), TlogoGee npample HasKiBaIOTCH COMpHACHEMIMH I HMB BHUTA. SaMeruM, ITO STH IIpAMble He sAMOTCA AYGAMH JaHHOTO BUHTA. Joa noctpoerta seyX cOnpHaxeHMBIX MpAMX BAKTA caeRyer saath uaTpanne- une y, M pacno.oxen:e Ep or.ocutessuo exera (V, h) ogHoi ws atux auauit NOcTpoHTh APyry!o, NoALsyacb hopnynamn (3'): igly= HanOoxee awnoe cHoficre0 conpAKeNubIx IpAMLX BHETa GaKAOUACTCH B TOM, NTO MipaMbie, nepeceraroujue dee ADO be CONPRICEHHUE NPAMEC CUM, HBAROMCK Ayiamn GaxKozo éuima, r) YCHOBMS KOHTAKTA COMPSDKEHEBIX NOBEPXHOCTEH Pacemorpum yeaonua TogesHoro H nHueliqoro” KOXTAKTOR ABYX HlOREPXHOCTel« Tipu roxeom KouTaKTe B TOUKe KOHTAKTA HOPMAN K KOBEPXHOCTAM cOsna- ma Mpa anuefinom KonTaKTe CoupuKacaiomuecA NOBepxHOCctH HMelWT ObNLyO AM- ; umo, BO BCCX TOUKAK KOTOPOM NOpMaaH K OSeHM MOBEPKXHOCTAM COBNaqaloT ApyT © apyrom. Y conpmxennux nosepxuocreli sy6nea auuHA cONpHKOCHoReHHa HasHBaerca agunel MraosenHoro KoAtaKkta. HopMai4 K NoBepxdoctam B TOUKAaX AMHBM MFHOBEEHOTO KOHTaKTa OOpasywr no BEPKEOCTL nopMadeli KORTaKTA (cm. par. 5’). Onpeneanm ycnosust, Koroppim OMKHEL YAOBAETBOPATS HOpMaRU x NMOREpXsHO- “ChaM B (axoll-nuOya, TOUKe KoHTakra CoNpWxeHHLUX MOnepxHOCTeli 3y6ben mecKepAK 4 KOACCA, PACTIONOARCHULIX Ha CKPEUIHBAIONLHXCA OCAX. B OrHOcHTexbHOM DeWKeHAH UWeCrepHH OTHOCHTeMBHO KoOaeca (Han HaoGopoT) WlecTepus B KUKREH OTACAbABIT MOMeHT COBepUIaeT MrHOBeHHOC BHATOLOE ARHMe- HUE OKOAO OCH MIHO- BCHHOFO J\BBKEHHA. Ecau I (ur. 9') npeficrasazer yuactor HovepxnoctH 3yGa wie- crepsu, a 2— yuactox MOBepXHOCTH 3yGa KO- neca (werloasrcHoro). TO 8 TOWKe KOHTAK- ra P Gecxonewo ma- moe mepemenenne Ss Toakn P, npuragnewa- meh ecrepHe, noa- 4chO GuITh KacaTeABES hn K nowepxnocta /® nosepxuocrH 2, Cre- AOBATENSHO, S$ ROMAEO Ours nepnenquxyssap- es uo K Hopmaan PG ® ‘vouxe KoHTakta. Tak Kak S npeqcransner co6oii sacmenT BHHTOBOl aHHHH, to MOpManb, MepneMyUKyixpHan K STOMY alleMeHTY, aBnserca nyvom swura. TawHu O6pas0M, YCAOBMe KOUTAKTA MOKET OMTL HSAGKeNO Takum OGpasoM: Hopman 8 TOUKe KOUTAKIa ABAAETCH AYYOM BHHTA OTHOCHTEABHOTO IDMKEHHA ,ttecTepHA- ‘KoReCco". Cneayer samerHtb, 470 MIpH SaNaHHOM ANHTOROM BHKeHUH HOBepxHOCTH sy6seR 7 4 2 moxHO NOBopatHBaTL BOKpyr OCH f, COBNaMaIOMeH Cc HaNpaBAenHeM Ss, T. €. kacarenbHoll K suuTOBOH sun B Toake P. Mpa stom Hopman PG, ocrasance~ NCpHeNAHKyAApHoK x s, GyACT BpawtatLca BOKpyr oc f HO YCAODHH KoHTaKTa xe Gyayt Hapyment. Tiparrnuecknii nutepec Mpeacrasaawr 3ayaan onpeyclenua Ha ToRepxHocrax, MMCIOLIYX BUHTOBOC ABHHCENHE, TaKHX HOpNaseli K BTliM MOBEPXHOCTIM, KOTOPHE SPAMOTCH AYWaMH NEHOREHHOTO BRETA, 4 Take OnpexeaeHHe auHii, MO KOTOpHM 9TH HOPMANH Mepecexaiot ykasaHMEe noBepAHOCTH (Tak KAK OMM sBNMOTER BOR MOKHDIMH AMHUMK MrHOREMHOTO KOHTaKTa). ur. 9’. &) JIMHHS| MPHOBEHHOPO KOHTAKTA HA WIOCKOCTH Bunr (V, 4) c ocpw V (cur. 10) w mapameTpom ft coctapnser ¢ naockocTH@~ T yroa &. Kak n3sectHo, ni0cKoCTs B RANTOBOM JBMKeHHH cosRaeT OrHGatomty” SAOMLBEHTHYIO BUHTOBY!O TOBEpxHocrD. Ha our. 31" noxasanst ocHosHoit unauup panityca ry atl BHHTOBOM aBoAb- BeHTHOH MOBepxHocTH, Opasywoulat DE, mlockocrs T, kacateasnak K BHHTOBOI MowepxHoctH BAOAL OGpasyiomei DE w nvocKocrh Q, KacaTcaAbHad_K OCHOBNOMYy LMSHHGpy M Cosepxauias woOpMann K TAOcKOCTH T Baon’ amawun OF, Pagnye fy aerKo onpexcauTs no dopsyze (2°): r= hcl P= higd. Taxast 06pas0M HckoMaa auuusa mrnopeHHore KoHTakta Hanaockocts T (spur. 10°) ‘npegctapaner co6oli ipamyio DF, nposesenmys napaxneitmo mpoeknum AC cen ¥ 10 ¥ I : ; . : poe xa aockocrn 7 ua paccrosnuu rq Pacnonoxenne numun DE mo ty 40H xuys cropony mpoekuu4 AC sanucwr OT HanpaBnenna BuRTA. ur. 10", ur. i". ate) IMMA MPHOBEHHOTO KOHTAKTA HA PASBEPTHIBAFOMLENCS SMHERYATOM NMOBEPXHOCTH '"Banaya axXOMLEHIA ANHUM MFHOREHHOTO KOUTAKTa Ha HOBepXxHOCTH upoHs- soneuoii (bopyier Mp RHHTOBOM ec MruOReHHIOM ABIDXeHUH NO OTHOMERIO K coNps ZKEHMOH MOBEPXNOCTH CBONATCH K BHYEMCHHO 13 COBOXVMHOCTH Mopmanch K NaH HOW TORepxNoctH (KOHTpyeHuuA Hopmaaetl) I" yakux nopmaneli, KOTOpste MBAMOTCH AYGANH MraopeHtioro BHHTA. Kourpyeruia comepaur co? nopmaneii, a YoaonKe HipinlagaexasoerH HopManelt x KOM iexcy MrHOsennoro uta mo hopuyze (1) rig sh. Bro yenoone BuRemReT 13 KOMTpyeu- umn co! nopmane#, o6pasyrounx nosepxnoctL, TepeceKaiiilyio salatiuy i NokepxHOcts BAOAL MH MPHOREHHOTO KORTAKTa. Mu ne mpanonum saeco merosos pe- uienna sto obmell saxauH, mocKomBKy 8 oduacrn sy6uaTiix auentenHi upaxomnes UMeTS HeHO C MOBEPXHOCTAMH OTHOCHTENHO npocroit dbopst, 11a KOTOPHX peltienie aana- un gdausTesmHHO ynpoulaeTca. Bsime 6tim onvicaH MeTOd HaxOmK.eHHA aMnHit WrAtoReHHOTO KOHTAKTa Ha MtocKocTH. Paccnorpum Teneps Sty sanay mas passep- viiBaoUlelicd AMHelisaTOH NORepxHOCTH. Ha dvr. 12" passepreiaomasca no- pepxkocrs S uweer mrHonenkce BHHTOROe ARMKeHHe OTHOCHTeHKHO OCH V, ta- pane7p punra—h. Mposenem swtockocrs J, xacmomyiocs nosepxHocia S Baoxe o6pasyroutert. j Onycrms 43 woGoii TowkH och BHaTa nepnenyaKyanp BC wa nsocxocrs I. naiinem npoexnuo AC ock Va naockoctn Ja onpeneaum yroa P waknona ocn V x maocKocrH J. Tlposenem are npsayo DE uapaneanuo pao AC a paccrosums n=h-ig®, B nepecewen aroit npaxoi c o6pasywoueli nafinem touky F, aa AL ur. 12°. jobepxnoctu S npnuasneaarr koMnaeKcy wrHo- (eHHs| mpyrux ToweK F na nopepxHocrH S cae- onucannble nocrpoenua. Ene 6onsue ynpomaeres sa; i Saja Ras TaKUX pasBeprEBAWIUIXCA HOBEpXHOCTe:, KOK PUBTOBDIC SBOAMBEHTHNE WK NOBEPAHOCTHE KPYTHOTO WMAMEAPA Hsllt KONYCA. Npusenen z28 npxmepa wer OMEKY OnperereHus aNHHE MTMOBeTHOTO KOHTaKT AAA TORepXHOCTH Bpatienus, ie ; >) JIMHHH MPHOBEHHOPO KOHTAKTA HA NOBEPXHOCTH BPAULEHHS kf aueh ura | UR celeron ennonol gaya: crm (=) MOBepxnocrH spa- MEH, OCb KOTOPOH C pacnonoxeHa ma pacctosHnn e or ocu V. PasioxuM BHRTOBOE ABIDKeHe OTHOCHTeADHO ocu V na aga coctasnaomex BPAIATCALHBIX ABIDKEHHA TaKHM O6Pas0M, YTOGH OCB OABOTO US HpalllaTenbUNX nr, 13’. xrwxeHH copnanana ¢ oct C sazanuol monepxnocm epamexus. Econ yrnopie eKOpocTH oGosHaNHTh COOTRETCTEERHO Tepes w', w" © YTABI— yx, Ty H pac- CTORHHA— 1 H 2 TO YCLOBHA, Np KOTOpEX cAMKeHNe Bpamenwii w uw" nae PHHTOBOe ABMKeNHE V (a, w;, h) ABAMOICH cACHysoMNT: oS of sinTy — sin qq sit Ga +4)? eviglk=eotg yh. Eom yron saknona ocw Vx naoex ocrn f, 1 eee TaN epNEHANKYARpHOM x ocn C, obo- Orcwona Virax, sNecto panronoro, AmDKeHn orHocHTemBHO och V MM uMeeM Teepe Bpamgune ornocureasno ocelt Cm V'. OnnaKo Bpamenne nouepsurcrn pOKpyE ocn Cu B kaxok Mepe He Brunet Ha nonoxense auKHH NEHOBEHHOTO Kotter, Ocraercn, takHm OGpasom, TOMKO aNWh MrHOKeHNOe npauteHHe BoKpyr oew V", CACKOEATEAbHO, AHHH MEHOREUHOTO KOUTAKTA MORHO Onpenenuts Kak Oproro: naabiiyio mpoexauao ocH MrogeHkoro Bpautennm V' na nopepxHocrn mpattentis 2 vy Jas noaywenus sroii mpoekusn upowerem taockocrs Q uepes ocb C nosepK- Hoctn S, Ita naockocrs mepecewaet ocb V' 8 touKe F, KoTOpyWw MOMHO Ompe- BeAUTE KOOpaHMaranit: OD = (e, + €3) see & FD = (¢, + es)ig ete ly, rae §—Tepemeunnii napamerp. Sas ocenve ceucune nosepxuoctu S maocKocThiO Q,1erKO ualinu ocHORAHHe H1 Mephenaukyaspa, OnyuenHOrO Hs TOUKK F na npoduaL cexcums. 3) MONAPHDIE MIOCKOCTH TOYEK JMHHH MPHOBEHHOrO KOHTAKTA HA TNIOCKOCTH Ha gar. 14! nnockocts [ mepecexaet och V simta B TOuKe A u coctasaaer © nei yron , B rouke D pacnoowen nomoc aysell Buiira, 2cxKaULHX B ZOCKOCTH. Onpeneaum ammo MrHOBenHOre KodtaKTa Ha TuocKoCTH J, 7. €. BLInCIKM yakue Hopman « miockocra J, Koropse aumsorca ayvamt vinta (V, h). Kak ykasano pulle, 9TH Hopmaau mepececaior nocKocte [no miRNA EF, napaniembHok sHe By = 90" — ®. npoexum AB « pactonoxennoi na pacctonmun r= tg Py Orcina r= h-ig ?. Tlposexem xepes rouxy D npoussomsuntii ayy DF paura 8 naocxocrs J. Jlonyctim, To on nepecexacr amMu0 EF B touke F Hw cocTapanet yroa o ¢ munueti AD. Tloxaxem, s10 naocKocrs H, comepxamax aysh FG u DF, conepxnT TaKNKe BCC YW BUE- Ta, Mpoxonstiie sepes TouKy F Ilo csolictaam KomteKca ayueit EMT TONKH STHX JYYeit B DIE TOBOM ABHACHIM ONHCEIBAIOT TpackTOpHH, TepneHnKxyzapnue x ayyam. Touxa F, mpmmazne- akauran aywa DF 1 PG, onncis- RaeT D BIHTOBOM LeHKeHHH TpaeKTopmo FB, neprienanxyaupuyio K MaocKoctn LT 1 nexamyi B aocKoctH J. CneaonateasHo, naocKocts I coxepkit Bce AYSM, Mpo- XogsMMe yepes TOBY F, MH awaseTCH HONIpBO‘ nAOCKOCrBIO TONKH F. 370 npaictH- MeCKH wauHoe CBOHCTRO MOAKlIO MPOHAAOCTPHPOKATH pacueton. Tloxaxem cHasaza, sto xvnua FB nepnenaukyaspua x aunuu FN, npeacta- sassomeli paccronuue or rouKH F 70 OcH BMuTa, saTeM ONpeRcmHM yron anauH PB € OCbIO H YeraHOGHM COOTHOMICHHE M@XLY BemIHNOH 3TOrO yrna M paccrosaneM FN. Onycrum ns tou F nepnenaukynap FP ra aun AB, a sare — nepuennaxy- ap PN wa oce Bunra. Upy atom FN Gyser nepnemauxyanpio x ocu. Haiaew apoexuntio M toukn N va naockoctn Fi foxaxem, sro ona wexut Ha aM DP. Tlpx stom Gynet noKasano, uto ausin NF aexur » naockocra Hu ostomy Hep. nenquikyaspHa « nun FB, AN = AP-cos ® = EF cos ® = (r 4-1) tg 2-08 ®; AM = AN.cos ® =(r +19) tg a-cost P, Hae A igo § °~ tg ur. 14’. tak Kak r= =hig®, iF AM = hutg «cost Get go) 13 C apyroi cropons, wa 7peyromuana, DAM AM =r-tg2, Taxi o6pasom, xelicrenrembno FB nepnenmuxyanpya NF. Ms tpexrpannoro yraa » rouxe F onpeneanem £ QFB = x, xoropsit amma FE cocrasuiet ¢ annmell FQ. esate ‘Q. uapaaaensuof ocx. To @opmynam cheprieckoli TpHrono- cos x = cos P- COs a. Doxaxem tenepp, a0 aunnn FB xa : careabla K BHTORO! ANKE, Noy yeRHO!i BuRToBNIM ARiDKeHHeM ToUKH F, UaxoRsluelien ua paccroxnun NF’ ot oe MK. Bemnoro BHETA c napaweTpoM fi. Jlax storo neofxommmo coGalcT pavencreo NF-ctg x = fh nam NF?-ctg? x = he, cos? x cos? @-coste. —cos?x ~ 1 cos? @ costa © NP = PP* + PN3 22 FP 4. AND Iga & = P+ (7 + rgibigh asi ® = ; A = alte of (ee Hg *) tg e-sin? | = (te 4 182 cost)” clg?x = Hogctapaax noayscrmpie suavenus e iopmyay NF-ctg? auxecTRo tga cos? 2 (1 oS) a con na ig cos ®, 1— cos? ®-cos?z 1, noayuum r0- , eS sogemente, uTO nocKocth FH, nonoxeHuc Koropolt usMeHerce CHa) «, Mepecexaet Ocb Bunza B TouKe N, spasrout nepnentmxysxpa 12 TOUKH F na oce Bunra. . eo a YACTH fT UHHH IPHYECKHE WH KOHHYECKHE HEPEHAYH FIIABA i KPVBV3HA MOBEPXHOCTH 3YBbEB LWJIMHJPHSECKUX{KOJIEC. (8 9nemeHTapHioM,u310KeHHR) a) KPHBY3HA NPOSHIEM 3YBbEB B aurepatype no uusnHapHuecKu ay6uaTLIM KONeCaM HBydeHHO HopManeli K TOBepXHOCTH SYObeB yAenHeTCH OVeHb Mano MeCTa- Visayyaa KpHBysHy MOBepXHOCcTH syObes, OT KOTOpOH 3aBHCHT HX CONPOTHBeERKe CMATHIO H HSHOCY, HeOOXOLHMO yaeintb CaMoe cepbesHoe BHKAMAaHHe HayyeHHIO CBOlcre HOpManeh. 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B novowenHu, mOKasaKHOM aa RaHHOTO MOMeHTa Ha cur. 1, B touke O neT OTHOCHTebHOTO ANHeHHOrO NepeMeiuleHnA, TaK Kak o6a Komeca uMeWT BSTOH TOUKe O paBHble CKOpOCTH. B reuesne 6eckoHeqHO Manoro SACMEHTa BPeMeHH HHIKHEE Koneco peuraetca Tak, GyATO MAOCKOCTh ETO BLINOAHEHA M3 THCTO- ROrO MaTepHaia M COeMHHeHa C MMOCKOCTbIO BepxHeETO KOneCa MIIMADKOH, npoxonameh yepes TOUKy O. BeckoneuHo Manoe OTHOCHTeMbHOe ABHKeHHE HWKHerO KOmeCA Hpenctapasier COOH HE WTO HUOe, Kak GECKONeYHO MaaLi noBOpOT BOKpyr MrHOBeHHO? ocH, UpoxosAmeh yepes TOUKy Ou napanzeab- How OcHM KOoneC. . To %«e cnpaBeiuBo H AAA Bepxuero Komeca. Cxopocr, oTHo- CHTENBHOTO ABwWKEHMA MpOMsBONBHO TOUKH P HepneHaukyaspua k paquycy OP m nponopunoHnanbua stomy paxzuycy, npencraraso- memy co6oi paccronnme oT TOuKu P WO OCH MrHOReHHOTO BpaLile- nus. 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