EATING DISORDER AMONG TEENAGERS

A research paper submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements in English 10

REESE SANDER B. CORPUZ

Project Leader

Nicole Ashley S. Angeles

Karen Leanne R. Warner
Raven C. Abaya
Randolf D. Villa
Proponents

10 OPTIMISM
Bettbien High School

Ester Ann SJ. Cristal

English Teacher

May 2021

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 Table of Contents
Acknowledgement 2

I. Introduction 3

A. Objectives of the study 3

B. Background of the study 3-4

C. Significance of the study 4

D. Definition of terms 4

E. Scope and Limitation 4

F. Review of Related Literature 4-5

II. Factors of Eating Disorders among teenagers 6

A. Cause of Eating Disorder in teens 6

B. Diseases and Symptoms of Eating Disorder in teenagers 6-7

C. How Eating Disorder in teens treated 7-8

III. Summary and Conclusion 8

IV. Recommendation 9

V. Documentation 9-10

VI. Curriculum Vitae 10-14

Acknowledgement

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Throughout the writing of this research we’ve received a great deal and support and assistance.

We would like to thank our teacher, Ester Ann SJ. Cristal, who guide us on this project. Your
insightful feedback pushed us to sharpen our thinking and brought our work into higher level.

I would like to thank my groupmates, who help me doing this project. You provided me with the
tools that i needed to choose the right direction and successfully complete our research project.

We would like to thank our parents for their wise counsel. You are always there for us.

CHAPTER I
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 I. Introduction

A. Objectives of the study

The objectives of this study are for us to assess the knowledge and awareness about the
symptoms and diseases under the Eating Disorder Among Teenagers.

This sought to answer the following questions:

1. What are the types of eating disorders?
2. What are the symptoms of anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating?
3. What caused teenagers to have these eating disorders?
4. What are the possible treatment for eating disorders? 
5. Ways that can prevent any eating disorder to occur.

B. Background of the study

Eating disorders have increasingly become the focus of research studies due to their prevalence.
Individuals that do not fit the criteria for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder
are diagnosed with a typical conditions that fit under other specified feeding or eating disorder.
Furthermore, the age at on set is concerning, as most eating disorders originate during adolescence.
Despite the potentially serious health consequences that result from disordered eating, many in the
general public believe that issues with eating are due to personal short comings. This creates a
foundation of stigma regarding why individuals develop an eating disorder and the purpose the
disorder serves. Such stigma may dishonor the actual experience of those who have lived with an
eating disorder, as people could assume eating disorders are self-inflicted. In turn, those developing
unhealthy habits may be discouraged from seeking help.

C. Significance of the study

The research may be proven to be beneficial in the following:

Students. This research would be beneficial to the students because they will know the
negative effect of eating disorder not only in their academic performance but as a whole. In this
study the students can be aware on things that eating disorder can affect them.

Teachers and Administrators. The research would also be beneficial to teachers and
administrators because they will be able to understand the changes and perception in life among
teenagers (which is obviously students) that were engage to eating disorder. They can easily cope up
to the students attitude.

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 Parents. This research would help to the parents because they might know and observe what
is the effect of the specific stress and too much consciousness of their child. The parents knowing the
risk of depression is a great benefit for them to prevent their child from doing such things.

Future Researchers. This research will be beneficial for them because they can get some
information that might be needed in their research and some of their question may possibly be
answered through the research.

D. Definition of terms

Disorder - an illness that disrupts normal physical or mental functions.

• Anorexia - an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted perception of weight.
• Bulimia - is a serious, life-threatening eating disorder.
• Binge - a period of excessive indulgence in an activity, especially eating, drinking, or taking
drugs
• Eating Disorder - is characterized by abnormal or disturbed eating habits.

E. Scope and Limitation

This study focuses on the effects of the Eating Disorder Among Teenagers in San Jose City,
Nueva Ecija. The data collection which is online survey will be conducted to 10 randomly
selected in San Jose City, Nueva Ecija who will represent the population. This study will not
cover other problems that are not considered to be the stressor in the eating disorder. Each of the
respondents is given the same questionnaires to answer. The result of this study will be
applicable only to the respondents of the study and will not be used to measure the effects of
Eating Disorder Among Teenager in our given location who do not belong to the population of
the study. The main source of data will be the questionnaires that will be conducted through
online survey, which is prepared by the researchers.

F. Review of Related Literature

Over the last two decades an increasing amount of research has begun to examine the issue of
eating disorders in athletes. While a number of studies in this area have been published, the results
have not been able to clarify the nature of the relationship between athletic involvement and eating
problems. This review critically evaluates existing studies of eating disorders in athletes, highlighting
various methodological limitations.

Eating disorders are complex illnesses that are affecting adolescents with increasing frequency.
They rank as the third most common chronic illness in adolescent females, with an incidence of up to
5%. Three major subgroups are recognized. A restrictive form in which food intake is severely
limited, a bulimic form in which binge eating episodes are followed by attempts to minimize the
effects of overeating via vomiting, catharsis, exercise, or fasting, and a third group in which all the

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criteria for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa are not met. The latter group, often called Eating
Disorder Not Otherwise Specified or EDNOS, constitutes the majority of patients seen in referral
centers treating adolescents. Eating disorders are associated with serious biological, psycho-logical,
and sociological morbidity and significant mortality. Unique features of adolescents and the
developmental process of adolescence are critical considerations in determining the diagnosis,
treatment, and outcome of eating disorders in this age group. This position statement represents a
consensus from Adolescent Medicine specialists from the United States, Canada, United Kingdom,
and Australia regarding the diagnosis and management of eating disorders in adolescents. In keeping
with the practice guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association and the American Academy of
Pediatrics, this statement integrates evidence-based medicine, where available.

Although many of us would benefit from eating a bit less and exercising more in order improve
our health and fitness, simply watching what you eat is not an eating disorder. Eating Disorders are
potentially life-threatening illnesses which are simultaneously psychological and physical in nature.
They are characterized by a range of abnormal and harmful eating behaviors which are accompanied
and motivated by unhealthy beliefs, perceptions and expectations concerning eating, weight, and
body shape. As a general characterization, individuals with eating disorders tend to have difficulty
accepting and feeling good about themselves. They tend to think of themselves as fat and ugly
because of their body size and shape, even when this self-judgment is objectively inaccurate and
false. Identifying and defining themselves according to their perceived fatness, eating disordered
people tend to conclude that they are unacceptable and undesirable, and as a result, feel quite
insecure and inadequate, especially about their bodies. For them, controlling their eating behaviors is
the logical pathway in their quest for thinness.

We live in an image conscious culture, which urges all of us to improve our appearance. The
messages sent by magazines, T.V., and other media include. The recent and recurrent debate
concerning the unhealthy, stick thin models used in the fashion industry is a perfect example of how
strongly entrenched our notion of “thinness equals happiness” has become.

The current article is designed to provide you with more information about the nature of eating
disorders, their causes, potential treatments, and strategies for prevention. This information can be
helpful in determining whether you or someone you love has an eating disorder.

Eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder, are

psychological disorders that involve extreme disturbances in eating behavior. A teen with anorexia
refuses to stay at a normal body weight. Someone with bulimia has repeated episodes of binge eating
followed by compulsive behaviors such as vomiting or the use of laxatives to rid the body of food. Binge
eating is characterized by uncontrolled overeating.

This guideline has been developed to advise on the identification, treatment and management of
the eating disorders anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and related conditions. The guideline
recommendations have been developed by a multidisciplinary group of health care professionals,
patients and their representatives, and guideline methodologists after careful consideration of the best
available evidence. It is intended that the guideline will be useful to clinicians and service

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commissioners in providing and planning high quality care for those with eating disorders while also
emphasizing the importance of the experience of care for patients and careers.

II. Factors of Eating Disorder among teenagers

A. Cause of Eating Disorder in teens

There is no one cause of an eating disorder. Experts link eating disorders to a combination of
factors, such as family relationship, psychological problems, and genetics. The teen may have low
self-esteem and be preoccupied with having a thin body.

Sometimes, being part of a sport such as ballet, gymnastics, or running, where being lean is
encouraged, is associated with eating disorder in teens. In one study, researchers linked anorexia
with an obsession with perfectionism, concern over mistakes, high personal standards, parental
expectations, and criticism.

B. Diseases and Symptoms of Eating Disorders in teenagers

The Diseases of Eating Disorder in teenagers

Anorexia nervosa this is characterized by weight loss often due to excessive dieting and
exercises, sometimes to the point of starvation. Teenagers with anorexia fee they can never ne thin
enough and continue to see themselves as fat despite extreme weight loss.

Bulimia nervosa the condition is marked by cycles of extreme overeating, known as bingeing,
followed by purging or others behaviors to compensate or the overeating. It is also associated with
feelings of loss of control about eating.

Binge eating disorder this is characterized by regular episodes of extreme overeating and
feelings of loss of control about eating.

Eating disorders tend to develop during the teenage years, and they are much more common
in girls and women. No one knows the precise cause of eating disorders, but they seem to co-exist
with psychological and medical issues such as low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, trouble coping
with emotions, and substance abuse.

For some people, a pre-occupation with food becomes a way to gain control over one aspect
of their lives. Although it may start out as simply eating a bit more or less than usual, the behavior

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can spiral out of control and take over the person’s life. Eating disorders are a serious medical
problem that can have long- term health consequences if left untreated. It’s common for people with
eating disorders to hide their unhealthy behaviors, so it can be difficult to recognize the signs of an
eating disorder, especially early on.

Symptoms of Eating Disorder

Signs and symptoms vary, depending on the type of eating disorder. Be alert for eating
patterns and beliefs that might signal unhealthy behavior. Some red flags that might indicate an
eating disorder include:

 Extreme weight loss or not making expected developmental weight gain.

 Frequently skipping meals or refusing to eat.
 Excessive focus on food.
 Persistent worry or complaining about being fat.
 Frequent checking in the mirror for perceived flaws.
 Using laxatives, diuretics or enemas after eating when they're not needed.
 Forcing yourself to vomit or exercising too much to keep from gaining weight after
bingeing.
 Repeated episodes of eating abnormally large amounts of food in one sitting.
 Expressing depression, disgust or guilt about eating habits.

C. How Eating Disorder in teens treated?

Treatment for eating disorders involves healthy eating together with medical care and
psychological treatment. Some people might also be prescribed medications.

Your health care team will talk this over with you in detail, but these are some key points:

 Adequate nutrition is a non-negotiable part of your treatment plan. Getting back to a healthy
weight and getting the nutrients your body needs to stay healthy are essential to your
treatment. Your health-care team will help you to do this yourself.
 Usually, a dietitian experienced in the treatment of eating disorders will plan a tailored diet
for you to make sure you get all the essential proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and
minerals your body needs. The dietitian’s role is to help you make healthy eating part of your
everyday life. Habits will not change overnight, but over time you can learn to have a healthy
and stress-free relationship with food.
 Your health-care team will do their best to make sure you eat enough, either by staying with
you at mealtimes if you are in hospital, or by asking you to agree to family or careers being
with you at mealtimes. When you are well enough, you can record what you eat at each meal
and discuss this with your health-care team during your outpatient appointments.

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  If you are unable to eat, or you refuse food, you will be given balanced food substitutes –
drinks that are high in energy and protein. Food substitutes are generally avoided because the
key goal is to get you to eat normal foods again.
 If you are seriously unwell and unable to eat food or drink food substitutes, you may need
nasogastric feeding (where a feeding tube is passed through the nose and into the stomach).

III. Summary and Conclusion

Eating disorders are potentially life threatening, resulting in death for as many as 10 percent of
those who develop them. They can also cause considerable psychological distress and major physical
complications. Important relationships are eroded as the eating disorder takes up time and energy,
brings about self-absorption, and impairs self-esteem. Treatment should be initiated as quickly as
possible, focus upon the immediate distress experienced by the individual, and aim to help the
patient and family become powerful enough to overcome the eating disorder.

Despite limitations, this study contributes to the field in a variety of ways. The sample size of
those with eating disorders is somewhat larger than samples currently in the literature. Furthermore,
while many studies focus only on anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. It also allowed us to
separately assess perceived causes of eating disorders according to the type of eating disorder. For
example, individuals with anorexia nervosa most frequently indicated psychological and emotional
problems as well as body image and eating problems, individuals with bulimia nervosa often
reported psychological and emotional problems as well as social problems, individuals with both
anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa listed all types of problems, and individuals with binge eating
disorder and EDNOS primarily cited psychological and emotional problems as well as traumatic life
events. Although these differences in perceptions were not statistically significant, it may suggest
that each type of disorder is unique, with potentially unique causes attributed to the disorder. Future
research should continue to examine these differences, and education should focus on the unique
nature of each type of eating disorder.

The use of an open-ended qualitative assessment allowed for a complete picture of individuals’
perceptions of the causes of eating disorders. It also allowed individuals to write about more than one
perceived cause of the disorders, which is not always possible with close-ended questions with
limited answer options. An additional strength of this study is that it contributes to the relatively
small pool of current literature discussing perceptions of eating disorders. Within this limited
research, most examine perceptions of the general public or perceptions of those with eating
disorders separately. Our study is also one of very few studies to examine differences between these
two groups.

Overall, it appears that all individuals would benefit from learning more about eating disorders
and their causes. Knowing this could be particularly helpful for individuals going through eating
disorder treatment, especially for therapists to use when educating those close to someone struggling
with an eating disorder. This could help facilitate greater support and connection between family
members and friends, and help to end the stigma surrounding these problems and allow those in
trouble to seek help.

IV. Recommendation

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The following recommendations have been identified as key priorities for implementation.

Anorexia nervosa
 Most teenagers with anorexia nervosa should be managed on an outpatient basis with
psychological treatment provided by a service that is competent in giving that treatment and
assessing the physical risk of people with eating disorder.

 People with anorexia nervosa requiring inpatient treatment should normally be admitted to a

setting that can provide the skilled implementation of refeeding with careful physical
monitoring (particularly in the first few days of refeeding) and in combination with
psychosocial interventions.

 Family interventions that directly address the eating disorder should be offered to children
and adolescents with anorexia nervosa.

Bulimia nervosa
 As a possible first step, patient with bulimia nervosa should be encouraged to follow an
evidence-based self-help programs.

 As an alternative or additional first step to using an evidence-based self-help program. Adults

with bulimia nervosa may be offered a trial of an antidepressant drug.

 Cognitive behavior therapy for bulimia nervosa (CBT-BN), a specifically adapted form of
CBT, should be offered to adults with bulimia nervosa. The course of treatment should be for
16 to 20 sessions over four to five months.

 Adolescents with bulimia nervosa may be treated with CBT-BN, adapted as needed to suit

their age, circumstances and level of development, and including the family as appropriate.

A typical eating disorders

 In the absence of evidence to guide the management of a typical eating disorders (also known
as eating disorders not otherwise specified) other than binge eating disorder, it is
recommended that the clinician considers following the guidance on the treatment of the
eating problem that most closely resembles the individual patient’s eating disorder.

 Cognitive behavior therapy for binge eating disorder (CBT-BED), a specifically adapted form
of CBT, should be offered to adults with binge eating disorder.

For all eating disorders

 Family members including siblings should normally be included in the treatment of children
and adolescents with eating disorders. Interventions may include sharing of information,
advice on behavioral management and facilitating communication.

V. Documentation

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 First and foremost, you’re not to blame for your child’s eating disorder. You may feel like it’s
your fault or like you did something wrong. The fact is, an eating disorder isn’t anyone’s fault. The
best thing you can do for your teen is move forward toward recovery. This doesn’t involve spending
time thinking of all the things you could have done differently.

Don’t forget yourself and your feelings in this whole process. Watching your teen grapple with
an eating disorder can be painful and stressful. Still, you need to take care of yourself. You may want
to confide in a close friend or family member about your worries and other emotions. A therapist or
support group is another great outlet that is also confidential.

Make sure that you also exercise, eat a healthy diet, and sleep well. Try to fit in some time each
day to relax or do things that you enjoy.

Make a Plan
Remind your teen again and again that they aren’t alone. You are there to help them find
support, whether that’s counseling or even an inpatient treatment center. Whatever you do, though,
make a concrete plan that you will follow. This plan should preferably use the supervision of a
medical professional.

Seek Help
There are also many places where your teen can find support. You may suggest they attend
meetings at the local Overeaters Anonymous chapter or read through different online support forums.
Most of these groups are free and open to adolescents.

Remain Open
Maybe your teen wasn’t willing to chat very much or at all during this first attempt. Don’t give
up. It may take several tries to get them to open up. Explain that you are always here to talk.
Continue sending the message that you love them and want to help. These words aren’t in vain. It
may just take time for the message to be fully received and accepted.

VI. Curriculum Vitae

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 CURICCULUM VITAE
Name: Reese Sander B. Corpuz
Address: J. Martin St., Science City of Muñoz. Nueva Ecija
Date of Birth: September 5, 2005
Contact Number: 0939-326-7798
E-mail Address: rsbc.g10.bbhs@gmail.com
Place of Birth: Heart of Jesus, San Jose City, Nueva Ecija
Father: Alexander M. Corpuz
Mother: Ruby B. Corpuz
Favorite Subject: Math, Science, and English
Hobbies: Basketball, Table Tennis, Taekwondo
Ambition: To become a Civil Engineer
Motto: The road to success comes through hard work, determination, and sacrifice.

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
A. High School: Bettbien High School
                          #98 Maharlika Rd, Brgy. Abar 1 , San Jose City, Nueva Ecija
st

B. Elementary : Accelerated Christian International School

                         Villa Antonia, Pob South, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija
C. Pre-Elementary: Little Lamb FLC
                          Mabini St. Curva Bantug, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija

AWARD/HONORS RECEIVED:
Best in sports
Best in Science
With Honors

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 Curriculum Vitae
Name: Raven C. Abaya 

Address: Maseil-seil, Umingan,Pangasinan 

Date of Birth: May, 18,2004 

Contact Number: 09452240916 

E-mail Address: rca.g10.bbhs@gmail.com 

Father: Francis Jonathan Abaya 

Mother: Jenny Abaya 

Favorite subject: Math, Science 

Hobbies: Eating 

Ambition: Pilot 

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND 

High School : Bettbien High School ,San Jose City Nueva Ecija

Elementary: Bettbien Montessori, San Jose City Nueva Ecija

Pre- Elementary: Bettbien Montessori , San Jose City Nueva Ecija

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 Curriculum Vitae 

Name: Karen Leanne Reyes Warner 

Address:17 Mendoza Avenue, Ramar Village, Brgy. Malasin,SJC,
N.E Date of Birth: January 03, 2005 
Contact Number:09753210767 
E-mail Address:klrw.g10.bbhs@gmail.com 
Place of Birth: Premiere Hospital, Cabanatuan City 
Father: Brian Warner 
Mother: Lualhati Warner 
Favorite Subject: Math 
Hobbies: Baking and reading 
Ambition: Be financially Secure 
Motto: Never test how deep the water is with both of your feet. 

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND 
A. High School: Bettbien High School 
#98 Maharlika Rd, Brgy. Abar 1st, San Jose City, Nueva
Ecija S.Y. 2020-2021 

B. Elementary: Bettbien Montessori 

C. Pre-Elementary: Bettbien Montessori 

AWARDS/HONORS RECEIVED 

Academic excellence

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