REVIEWER IN PPG

POLITICS:
- is the activity through which people make, preserve and amend the general rules under
which they live. (Heywood2007)
- activity or process through which groups reach and enforce binding decisions. (Hague &
Harrop2013)
- activity by which different interests are conciliated by giving them a share in power in
proportion to their importance to the welfare and the survival of the whole community.
(Crick 2005)
- set of activities that organizes individuals, systematically resolves disputes, and
maintains order in society through creation and enforcement of rules and government
policy. (Barringtonet al. 2010)
- activity through which human beings attempt to improve their lives and create the Good
Society. (Aristotle in Heywood2007)

THE DIFFERENT VIEWS ABOUT POLITICS:

 Politics as the art of government – the art of government or exercise of control in
society through making and enforcement of collective or group decisions.
o POLITICS came from the Greek word POLIS which means, city-state.
o POLITICS is also the strategy in maintaining cooperation among people with
different needs and ideas in life, or for resolving the conflict within the groups,
whether this is a family, a tribe, a village or nation-state.
 Politics as public affairs – The institutions of the state (the government offices,
departments and agencies) can be regarded as ‘public’ because they are responsible for
the collective organization of community life.
 Politics as Compromise and Consensus – These focuses on how decisions are made. It is
a mean of resolving a conflict through conciliation and negotiation.
 Politics as Power – Politics under this view is in essence the power or ability to achieve a
desired end, through any way possible.

POLITICAL SCIENCE:
- A social science discipline that deals with systems of government, and the analysis of
political activity, and political behavior.
- It deals extensively with the theory and practice of politics and commonly thought of as
the determining of the distribution of power and resources.
- A branch of social science that studies the state, politics, and government.
- Deals extensively with the analysis of political systems, the theoretical and practical
application of politics, and the examination of political behavior.
POLITICAL SCIENTIST:
- "See themselves engaged in revealing the relationships underlying political events and
conditions, and from these revelations they attempt to construct general principles
about the way the world of politics of works."
ARISTOTLE – defined political science as the study of state.
THE DEATH OF QUEEN ELIZABETH II:
- The death of the 96-year- old Queen ended a generation-spanning, seven-decade reign
that made her a beacon of stability in a tumultuous world.
HOW DOES POLITICAL SCIENTISTS CONTRIBUTES IN OUR SOCIETY?
- The society wants to understand how the political world works.
- The success and otherwise of the governance structures.
WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT GOVERNMENT?
- the formal institutions through which a group of people is ruled or governed.
- extends to include the people and organizations that make, enforce, and apply political
decisions for a society.
- is created for the benefit of the people governed and it accomplishes services or
functions that are beyond the capabilities of any individual or enterprise. (De Leon,
1999)
Important Purpose of the Government:
1. Maintenance of peace and order: Article II –Sec 5.
2. Protection of Persons and Property: Article II –Sec 4.
3. Administration of Justice: Article III –Sec 10 Article XIII –Social Justice and Human Rights
4. The promotion of Education: Article XIV –Sec 1.
5. The preservation of the state from external danger: Article II –Sec 3
6. The advancement of the physical, economic and social and cultural well-being of the
people: article II – Sec 13