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Physical Science
Q3 Week 5 : Module 9: Catalyst
Module 10: Limiting Reactants and the Amount of
Products Formed
 Catalyst
Catalyst is a substance
which speeds up a
reaction, but is chemically
unchanged at its end.
Catalyst
The Importance of Activation
Energy

MAXWELL-BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION
The Importance of Activation
Energy
The Importance of Activation
Energy
At the end of the session, you will be
able to:

• Use stoichiometric calculation to

determine excess and limiting
reactants in a chemical reaction and
explain why.
• Calculate theoretical yields of
products formed in reactions that
involve limiting reagents
Limiting Reactants
and the Amount of
Products Formed
 Key Terms
Stoichiometry - establishes mole
and mass relationships between
reactants and/or products in a
chemical reaction to determine
desired quantitative data
 Key Terms
Excess Reagents are
reactants that are not used
up when the reaction is
finished.
Key Terms

Limiting Reagent – a
reactant that is
completely used up in a
chemical reaction
What is It

Solving Stoichiometric
Calculations
 What is It
Write a balanced reaction

𝑪𝟑 𝑯𝟖 + 𝑶𝟐 → 𝑯𝟐 𝑶 + 𝑪𝑶𝟐
 What is It
Write a balanced reaction
C3H8 + O2 -> H2O + CO2
Reactant Product
Carbon (C) 3 1
Oxygen (O) 2 3
Hydrogen (H) 8 2
 What is It
Write a balanced reaction
C3H8 + O2 -> H2O + 3CO2
Reactant Product
Carbon (C) 3 3
Oxygen (O) 2 1 + 3(2)
Hydrogen (H) 8 2
 What is It
Write a balanced reaction
C3H8 + O2 -> 4H2O + 3CO2
Reactant Product
Carbon (C) 3 3
Oxygen (O) 2 4 + 3(2) = 10
Hydrogen (H) 8 4(2) = 8
 What is It
Write a balanced reaction
C3H8 + 5O2 -> 4H2O + 3CO2
Reactant Product
Carbon (C) 3 3
Oxygen (O) 5(2) = 10 4 + 3(2) = 10
Hydrogen (H) 8 4(2) = 8
 What is It
FINDING THE LIMITING REAGENT
1. For the following reaction, what is the
limiting reagent if we start with 2.80 kg of Al
(Aluminum) and 4.25 g of Cl (Chlorine)?

𝑨𝒍 + 𝑪𝒍𝟐 → 𝑨𝒍𝑪𝒍𝟑
 What is It
FINDING THE LIMITING REAGENT
1. For the following reaction, what is the
limiting reagent if we start with 2.80 kg of Al
(Aluminum) and 4.25 g of Cl (Chlorine)?

𝟐𝑨𝒍 + 𝟑𝑪𝒍𝟐 → 𝟐𝑨𝒍𝑪𝒍𝟑

 What is It
Convert amounts (grams) to moles
𝟏 𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑨𝒍
𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑨𝒍 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟎 𝒈 𝑨𝒍 𝒙
𝟐𝟔. 𝟗𝟖 𝒈 𝑨𝒍
= 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑨𝒍
 What is It
Convert amounts (grams) to moles
𝟏 𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑪𝒍𝟐
𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝒍𝟐 = 𝟒. 𝟐𝟓 𝒈 𝑪𝒍𝟐 𝒙
𝟕𝟎. 𝟗𝟎 𝒈 𝑪𝒍𝟐
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟗𝟗 𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑪𝒍𝟐
What is It

𝑨𝒍 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝒎𝒐𝒍

𝑪𝒍𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟗𝟗 𝒎𝒐𝒍

 What is It
Finding the limiting reagent using
the stoichiometric ratio
METHOD 1. Calculate the actual molar
ratio of reactants then compare the
actual ratio to the stoichiometric ratio
from the balanced reaction
 What is It
𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑨𝒍 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑨𝒍
𝑨𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐 = =
𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝒍𝟐 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟗𝟗 𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑪𝒍𝟐

= 𝟏. 𝟕𝟒

𝟏. 𝟕𝟒 𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑨𝒍
=
𝟏 𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑪𝒍𝟐
 What is It

𝟐 𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑨𝒍
𝑺𝒕𝒐𝒊𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐 = = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕 𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝟑 𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑪𝒍𝟐

𝟎. 𝟔𝟕 𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑨𝒍
=
𝟏 𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑪𝒍𝟐
 What is It
0.67 moles Aluminum for every mole of
Chlorine to form Aluminum Chloride.

0.104 mole Al = 0.156 mole Cl2

𝒐𝒏𝒍𝒚 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟗𝟗 𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑪𝒍𝟐 𝒊𝒔 𝒂𝒗𝒂𝒊𝒍𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆
 What is It

Aluminum = excess reagent

Chlorine = limiting reagent
 What is It
METHOD 2. Choosing one of
the reactants (it doesn’t
matter which one) as if it is
the limiting reagent
 What is It
𝟑 𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑪𝒍𝟐
𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝒍𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑨𝒍 𝒙
𝟐 𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑨𝒍
= 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝟔 𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑪𝒍𝟐
What is It
What I Have Learned
The limiting reagent is the reactant
that gets used up first during the
reaction and also determines how
much product can be made

We can find the limiting reagent using

the stoichiometric ratios from the
balanced chemical reaction along
with the many methods