Worked solutions to student book questions

Chapter 1 What is chemical analysis?

Q1. Classify the following analyses as qualitative or quantitative: a an analysis that showed that Vegemite contains 0.55 mg of vitamin B1 and 0.80 mg of riboflavin per 5 g b detection of toxic materials in the gaseous discharge from a factory c confirmation of the presence of lead in a sample of blood d comparison of the concentrations of trace elements in glass fragments removed from the skin of a hit-and-run accident victim with those in the glass fragments from the broken headlights of a suspects car A1. a b c d E1. Explain how qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of metals in oil are used to identify wear of engine components. AE1. Qualitative analysis is used to determine which metals are present. Quantitative analysis indicates the amount of each metal present. E2. What analytical techniques are used to determine the level of metals in oils? AE2. atomic emission spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy Q2. Look at Table 1.1 on page 8 of the student book. List the techniques from the table that are based on the: a physical properties of the substance being tested. b chemical properties of the substance being tested A2. a Based on physical properties of sample gravimetric analysis, mass spectrometry, spectroscopic analysis, chromatography* b Based on chemical properties of sample volumetric analysis, chromatography* * It could be argued that chromatography is partly physical change and partly chemical change as weak bonds are formed when molecules adsorb to a surface. quantitative qualitative qualitative quantitative

Heinemann Chemistry 2 4th edition Enhanced Copyright Pearson Australia 2010 (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd)

Worked solutions to student book questions

Chapter 1 What is chemical analysis?

Chapter review
Q3. Think back to when you first got up this morning. List every product with which you were in contact during the first 30 minutes you were awake. a How many of these products are made from materials that have been processed? b How many are unprocessed? c Is there any evidence that any products you have listed were subject to some process of quality control? A3. Individual response required. Q4. The ingredients of a bottle of jam are listed on the label as sugar, strawberries, pectin and food acid (citric acid). a Is this an example of qualitative or quantitative analysis? b Rewrite this label so that it is an example of analysis of the other type. A4. a b Q5. Which of the following represent example(s) of quantitative analysis? i A sample of fries seasoning contains salt, chicken extract, rice flour, paprika and chilli. ii Dry air contains 78% nitrogen vol/vol. iii A sample of iron ore weighs 23.5 kg. iv A chocolate biscuit contains 2.3 g protein, 6.6 g fat and 24.4 g carbohydrate per 100 g serve. A iv only B i and iv C ii and iv D ii, iii and iv A5. C. Quantitative analysis gives information about the concentration of a material or materials in a sample; this can be in terms of w/w, v/v, ppm, %, mol L1, etc. Statement I does not give the concentration of the substances. Statement III gives the mass of the sample but not the concentration of iron ore. qualitative analysis A quantitative analysis might be reported as 500 g of this produce contains approximately 300 g sugar, 100 g fruit, 500 mg pectin and 400 mg food acid.

Heinemann Chemistry 2 4th edition Enhanced Copyright Pearson Australia 2010 (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd)

Worked solutions to student book questions

Chapter 1 What is chemical analysis?

Q6. Analytical chemists use a variety of techniques. Give an example of the information provided by each of the following techniques. a gravimetric analysis b volumetric analysis c chromatography d spectroscopy A6. Some examples which might be included are: a water content in food b alcohol content of wine c amount of a pesticide in food d structure of a drug or biologically active compound. Q7. Research a consumer good whose purity is currently making news. Find out how this product is analysed. A7. Answer depends on the consumer good selected. Table 1.1on page 8 of the student book provides a guide. Q8. Many of the foodstuffs we purchase are subject to quality control and a summary of their contents is often printed on the label. a Give three examples of substances that may be found in food and which are analysed by chemical means. b How can the information provided in a list of ingredients be used by the consumer for their benefit? A8. a b salt content, nutritional values, level of pesticides information of nature and amount of contents identify substances to which a person may be allergic amount of active ingredient used to compare cost effectiveness of various brands of the same product.

Q9. Obtain several brands of spring water and compare the information provided on the labels. a What evidence is there that the water has been subject to quality control? b How might this control have been carried out? c Compare the ions that that each contains. Are all samples of spring water the same? How do they differ?

Heinemann Chemistry 2 4th edition Enhanced Copyright Pearson Australia 2010 (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd)

Worked solutions to student book questions

Chapter 1 What is chemical analysis?

A9. a b c list of ingredients chemical analysis Different brands of spring water may contain different mineral ions or different amounts of each depending on its source.

Heinemann Chemistry 2 4th edition Enhanced Copyright Pearson Australia 2010 (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd)