Chapt

er4-Cur
rentEl
ect
ri
cit
yAndMagnet
ism
St
d:8t
h

Quest
ion1:

Wri
teproperwordsf
rom t
hefoll
owinggroupofwor
dsintheblanks.
(
magnetism,4.
5V,3.
0V,grav
itat
ional
att
ract
ion,
pot
ent
ial
diff
erences,pot
ent
ial
,hi
gher
,
l
ower,0V)

A.
Wateri
nthewat
erf
all
flowsf
rom ahi
gherl
evel
tot
hel
owerl
evel
becauseof
__
___
____
___
.

B.Inanelect
ri
ccircui
t,el
ect
ronf
lowaf
rom ofpoi
ntof_
___
___
_pot
ent
ial
tot
hepoi
ntof
___
_____
____potenti
al.

C.Thedi
ff
erencesbetweent
heelect
rost
ati
cpot
enti
aloft
heposi
ti
veendt
henegat
ive
endofanel
ectri
ccell
isthe_
___
______oft
hecel
l.

D.Thr
eeelect
ri
ccellsofpotent
ial
dif
ference1.5Veachhavebeenconnect
edasa
bat
ter
y.Thepotent
ialdi
ff
erencesofthebatter
ywil
lbe___
____
_V.

E.Anel
ect
ri
ccur
rentf
lowi
ngi
nawi
recr
eat
es_
___
___
___ar
oundt
hewi
re.
 
ANSWER:

A.Waterint
hewat
erf
all
flowsf
rom ahi
gherl
evel
tot
hel
owerl
evel
becauseof
 pot
ent
ial
di
ff
erences.

B.I
nanelectr
iccir
cui
t,el
ect
ronf
lowaf
rom ofpoi
ntof
 hi
gher
 pot
ent
ial
tot
hepoi
nt
of 
l
ower
 potenti
al.

C.Thedi
ff
erencesbetweentheelect
rost
ati
cpot
ent
ial
oft
heposi
ti
veendt
henegat
ive
endofanel
ectri
ccell
isthe 
potenti
al 
oft
hecel
l.

D.Thr
eeelect
ri
ccellsofpotent
ial
dif
ference1.5Veachhavebeenconnect
edasa
bat
ter
y.Thepotent
ialdi
ff
erencesofthebatter
ywil
lbe 
1.5+1.5+1.5=4.5 
V.

E.Anel
ect
ri
ccur
rentf
lowi
ngi
nawi
recr
eat
es 
magnet
icf
iel
d ar
oundt
hewi
re.
 

PageNo27:

Quest
ion2:

Abatteryist
obefor
medbyjoi
ning3drycel
l
swi
thconnect
ingwi
res.Showhowwi
l
lyou
connectthewir
esbydr
awi
ngadi agr
am.
ANSWER:

or

PageNo27:

Quest
ion3:

I
nanelect
ricci
rcui
t,abatt
eryandabulbhavebeenconnect
edandthebat
teryconsi
sts
oftwocel
l
sofequal pot
ential
dif
fer
ence.I
fthebul
bisnotgl
owing,t
henwhichtest
swill
youper
for
mi nordertofi
ndoutthereasonfort
hebul
bnotglowing?
ANSWER:

Thef
oll
owi
ngt
estshoul
dbeper
for
medt
ofi
ndt
her
easonwhybul
bisnotgl
owi
ng:

 Checkhow  thet ermi nal s ofthebat t

er i
esar econnect edtoeach
other: 
Ensur ethatt heposi t
ivet er
mi nal of 
one batt
eryisconnect edto
negat i
vet er
mi nalofot herbat ter y
.Ift hebatteri
esareconnect edin
thi
st hiswayandev ent hent hebul bdoesnotgl ow,gof orthenex t
testgivenbel ow.
 Checkf orthebr oken  wi resint heci rcuit:
 Ensurethatthewi r
es used
forconnect ingthev ariousel ect ri
calcomponent sarenorbr okeni n
betweeni .e.ensur et hatt heci rcuitisclosed.Ev enafterensur i
ngthat
thewi resarenotbr okeni nbet ween, thebulbdoesnotgl ow,mov et o
thenex ttest.
 Checkhowt heconnect ingwi resar econnect edtot hebulb: Ensure
thatthebul b i
sconnect edt ot hebat teriesusingtheconnect ing
wires asshownbel ow.Ev ennow, ifthebul bdoesnotgl ow, r
eplace
thebul bort hebat t
er ies wi t
ha  newone.
Quest
ion4:

El
ectri
ccell
shav
ing2Vpotenti
aldif
fer
enceeachhav
ebeenconnect
edinthef
orm ofa
batt
ery.Whatwi
l
lbethet
otalpotent
ial
dif
fer
enceoft
hebat
ter
yinbothcases?
(i
) 

(
ii
) 

ANSWER:

(
i)Tot
alpot
ent
ial
dif
fer
ence=2+2+2=6V
(
ii
) 
Tot
alpot
ent
ial
dif
fer
ence=2+2+2+2=8V

PageNo27:

Quest
ion5:

Descri
betheconst
ruct
ion,
wor
kingandusef
ulnessofadr
ycel
l
,wi
tht
hehel
pofa
di
agram. 
ANSWER:

Const ructi
onofdr ycel l
Thedr ycellconsist soffoll
owi ngcomponent s:
Out ermet alcov ering:Themet alcoveri
ngismadeupofzi ncmet alandiswhi ti
shin
appear ance.Itact sasanegat iveterminalofthecell.
Electrolyt
e: I
nsidet heZi ncmet al,t
hereistheelectroly
tefi
l
ledbetweent wol ayer
s.
Electroly
tei sawetpul pofZi ncchloride(ZnCl2)andAmmoni um chlori
de(NH4Cl )
.Iti
s
thechar gecar ri
erofel ectri
cityasitcontainsnegativel
ychargedandposi t
ivelycharged
i
ons.
Met alrod: Therei sagr aphit
er odatt hecentr
eoft hecell
.Iti
ssurroundedbypast eof
Manganesedi oxide( MnO2).Itactsast hepositi
veterminalofthecell
.

Worki ngofdrycell
: 
Chemicalr
eacti
onstakeplacebet
weent heelect
rol
yte,
zinc
containerandgraphi
derod.Becauseofthis,
elect
ri
cchargeisproducedonthetwo
ter
mi nalsofthecel
landelect
ri
ccurrentf
lowsintheci
rcuit
.

Useful
nessofdrycel
l:
 Theyarehandyandpor
tabl
e.Thel
if
eofdrycel
li
slongert
han
cel
lsusingl
i
quidel
ectr
olyte.Dr
ycell
scanbeuseintor
ch,
T.V.orA.
Cremotecontr
ols,
toy
s,etc.
 PageNo27:

Quest
ion6:

Descr
ibet
heconst
ruct
ionandwor
kingofanel
ect
ri
cbel
lwi
tht
hehel
pofadi
agr
am.
ANSWER:

Constr
uct
ionofanelect
ri
cbell
Fol
lowi
ngarethecomponent
sofel
ect
ri
cbel
l
:

 Elect
romagnet:Acopperwireiswoundaroundanironpiecewhi
ch
actsamagnetwhen currentfl
owsthroughi
t.
 Stri
keri
ntouchwithcontactscrewthr
oughanironstr
ip
 Amet algong
 Akeyoraswi tch

Wor ki
ngofanel ectri
cbel l
Whent heswi tchi s'ON' andt hescrewi sincont actwiththeir
onst rip,then
electr
iccur rentflowst hrought hecopperwirewhi chgetsmagnet ised
becauseofel ect romagnet ism.Thi smagnet i
sedcopperwi r
e(ort he
electr
omagnet )attractstheironst ri
ptowardsi t,l
etti
ngthestri
kerhi tthe
gongandt hussoundi sproduced.Assoonast hest ri
kerhi
tsthegong, the
screwl osesi tscont actwi ththeironstri
pandt herefore,
curr
entst opsi n
thecircuit.Att hi
spoi nt,
theel ect
romagnetl osesi tsmagneti
sm andt he
i
ronst ripmov esbackandcomesi ncontactwitht hecontactscrew.The
electr
iccur rentist henr estor
edi nthecircui
tandagai nthestr
ikerhi tsthe
gongbyt heabov epr ocess.Thi sactionrepeatsi t
selfandthebell ri
ngs