DESIGN OF MASONRY STRUCTURES

Application of Masonry Bonds and Joints

SUBMITTED BY :
SAEED UR REHMAN

REGISTRATION NO:

361705

SUBMITTED TO :

DR. ATHAR ALI

DATE:

SEP,26,2022
Application of Masonry Bonds:
• Stretcher bond
• Header bond
• English bond
• Flemish bond

Stretcher Bond:
• The bond in which all the bricks are laid as stretchers in every course is called "Stretching
bond"
• In this bond, every alternate course is to be started by 1/2 bats for breaking the continuity
of vertical joints.
• This bond is provided for constructing 4 ½ in thick partition walls.
• Stretcher bonds are commonly used in the steel or reinforced concrete framed structures
as the outer facing.
• These are also used as the outer facing of cavity walls. Other common applications of such
walls are the boundary walls, gardens etc.

Header Bond:
• The bond in which all the bricks are laid as headers in every course of a wall is called
"Heading bond".
• 3/4 bats are laid as quoin bricks in the alternate courses to break the continuity of vertical
joints, which increases the transverse strength but weakens the longitudinal strength of
the wall.
• This bond is commonly used for constructing seining of wells, footings of walls and
columns, corbels, cornices, etc.
English Bond:
• This bond consists of headers and stretchers laid in alternative courses.
• It is strongest of all the bonds.
• It provides rough appearance especially for one brick thick walls.
• This is the most used bond for all wall thicknesses

Flemish Bond:
• This bond consists of headers and stretchers laid alternatively in each course.
• It is less strong for walls having thickness more than 13 ½ inches.
• It provides good appearance for all thickness of walls.
• This bond is recommended where costly bricks are specified for facing to provide good
appearance to the wall. Also, it can be made more economical by using cheap quality of
bricks on the back of wall.
Flemish Bond is classified into two types.

• Single Flemish Bond

• Double Flemish Bond

Single Flemish Bond:

• The bond provided in a wall with Flemish bond in facing and English bond in backing is
called "Single Flemish bond" or "Cross bond".
• This bond combines the advantages of both English and Flemish bonds and
simultaneously eliminates their disadvantages.
• On the other hand, it weakens the overall strength of the wall because of maximum use
of brick and existence of continuous vertical joints. Also, it cannot be provided in walls
having thickness less than 13 ½ in.

Double Flemish Bond:

• The bond in which headers and stretchers are laid alternately in each course, both in the
face and back of the wall, is called Double Flemish Bond.

Application of Masonry Joints:

• Struck Joint
• Concave Joint
• Weathered Joint
• Raked Joint
• V Joint
• Flush Joint
• Extruded Joint

Struck Joint:
• For horizontal joints, the striking mortar joint is used.
• These are not advised for use in exterior masonry wall joints due to problems with water
seepage from the bottom edges.
• •The joint's top edge will be made flat and flush with the brick edge.
• Water will be drawn into and held in the brick by the slope created in this joint. It is
therefore best used for interior walls.
Concave Joint:
• Concave joints are formed with a curved steel jointing tool, and they are a common type
of mortar joint because of its tight sealing ability and great resistance to rainfall
infiltration.
• The mortar will stay tight thanks to the instrument utilized in this task.
• An effectively positioned mortar joint will aid in preventing water infiltration.

Weathered Joint:
• The weathered joint is most frequently used for horizontal joints because it allows water
to drain from the joint.
• There is a danger that water will seep through the joint's underside if the mortar is not
correctly affixed to the joint.
• As a result, the bond line may develop shrinkage fractures.

Raked Joint:
• Because of the ledge that forms in the joint, which allows snow, ice, or water to remain
on the top of the brick, raked joints and striking joints are not utilised for the construction
of exterior walls.
• The opening generated where the core is present allows water to enter and penetrate
the wall because there is less space between the mortar joint and the top of the brick unit
in this joint. Therefore, inside walls are the perfect place for this joint.

V Joint:
• The shape of the v-joint prevents it from offering any protection against water
penetration.
• In brick masonry construction, the v-joints must be carefully tooled to prevent water from
building up in the groove.
• Proper tooling of the v-joint reduces the chance of water build-up and brick penetration.

Flush Joint:
• Brick walls constructed with flush joints have surfaces that need final polishing and
plastering. The flush joints will be concealed as a result.
• To make a flush joint watertight and water resistant, more time and effort must be put
into its construction.
• There is a potential that water will collect on top of flush joints if they are designed to
protrude from the brick.
• Because the mortar is not squeezed into the joint in this instance, it is challenging to
uphold a constant link with the brick.
Extruded Joint:
• Extruded joints do not require any special tools since extra mortar in the junction will
naturally press out and create an extrusion between the bricks.
• When exposed to various weather conditions, the extruded joints get degraded.