WELDING SYMBOLS-

Objectives of this session

 Introduction to Symbols
 Definition
 Need for symbols
 Type of welding symbol Standards used.
 Understanding of Symbols with exercise
DRAWING/ DRAWING NUMBER

 A systematic numbering of the drawings has been

adopted in the design office for convenience of
manufacturing
 The drawing no consists of 13 digits with 6 barrels as
shown below
ICF DRAWING
 XXX XX XXX XXX XX- AltIndex

 Built type
 Group
 Drawing sl no
 Item no
 Column no
 Alteration index
 SYMBOL
A symbol is a geometric representation of anything .

Welding symbols are geometric representation of some

meaning which the designer wants to communicate to
the production/inspecting personnel through drawing
regarding welding.
NEED OF SYMBOLISASION

 Drawing is engineers language

 Symbols convey meaning in better way than
words in a simple manner
 Even to an un educated
 Symbols reduce the burden on drawing
 Symbols makes drawing simpler
why welding symbols

Welder is given general instruction like

“weld here” he can weld in many ways.
Like in figure b or c or d
 Welding and allied processes -
Symbolic representation on drawings
VARIOUS STANDARDS FOR WELD SYMBOLS

 AWS A-2.4 (American Welding Society)

 ISO-2553 (ISO3834 & European requirements)
 IS-813 (Indian Standard )
Groove Welds
 Square Groove weld V Groove weld

Bevel Groove weld U Groove weld

J Groove weld
Double V Groove weld Double Bevel Groove weld

Double U Groove weld Double J Groove weld

TYPES OF SYMBOLS AS PER ISO-2553
SYSTEM –A & SYATEM -B

 Elementary symbols

 Supplementary symbols
 Complementary information (non-symbolic
information, relevant to the welds being made, which
may be included in the tail of the welding symbol )
ELEMENTARY SYMBOLS

 Symbol is similar to the shape of weld cross

section
 Show various categories of welds(FW,BW,RSW,etc )

 Combination of these symbols can be used

when required
 Square Butt Weld

b-As per standard butt welds are full penetration welds unless otherwise
specified by dimension/drawing/WPS.
Single V Butt Weld
Single V Butt Weld with Broad Root Face
Single Bevel Butt Weld
Single Bevel Butt Weld with Broad Root Face
Single U Butt Weld
Single J Groove Weld
Fillet Weld
Plug / Slot Weld
Spot Weld
Seam Weld
Edge Weld
Surfacing/Over lay
 Supplementary symbols
 Are used to complete the elementary symbols
 By indicating shape of the external surface of the weld ,
i,e weld finish
Weld Profile Flush ( Flat-Finished)
Convex
Weld Profile

Concave
Toes blended
smoothly
 Back weld/Back Run /Backing Weld

Back run: sealing run .deposited in the back side of weld.

made after single V butt weld
 M MR
Permanent Removable
Backing Strip Backing Strip
 Supplementary symbols
(weld –all-around/Peripheral weld.)

The weld-all-around symbol, added at the junction of

the arrow and reference lines, may be used to designate
continuous weld, single or double-sided,
extending around a series of connected joints.
The series of joints may involve
different directions and may lie in more than
one plane but the weld shall always be of the
same type and dimensions.
Weld all around /Peripheral Welds
Weld between two points
 SITE WELDS/FIELD WELDS
Field or site welds i.e welds not made in fabrication shop ,are specified by
adding the flag symbol to either side of reference line at the junction with
arrow line. There is no significance in the flag being placed above or below
the reference line or whether it point left or right
Tail Option

Sequence of Information in the Tail

• Process (as per ISO 4063)
• Acceptance Level (as per ISO 5817 or ISO 10042)
• Working Position (as per ISO 6947)
• Filler Materials (as per ISO 544 or ISO 2560 or ISO
3581)
Method of representation

Reference Line (Continuous)

Reference Line (Dashed)

Arrow
Line

Weld Joint
Direction of arrow lines
 Arrow lines can point in any direction.
Multiple Arrow Lines
(4.6.2 of ISO2553)

Weld produced
Example of arrow side and other side
Welding on the Arrow Side

Arrow Side

Other Side
Welding on the Other Side

Arrow Side

Other Side
Welding on the Other Side

Other Arrow
Side Side
Which is the Other Side in this case?

Side B Side A

Side C Side D
Welding on both Sides

Arrow Side

Other Side
Symmetric Welding on both Sides
Butt Joints

length

s l s
Weld Dimensions as per table-6 of ISO22553
Fillet Welds

5
z5 l
5

a5 l

5
Fillet Welds

a a a
 Types of intermittent welds
 When intermittent are placed on either side of a joint
they can be directly opposite to each other known as
chain intermittent weld or they can be offset known as
staggered intermittent weld.

Chain intermittent Staggered intermittent

welds welds
Intermittent Fillet Welds

z n x l (e)
z n x l (e)

l (e) l (e)
Staggered Intermittent Fillet Welds

z n x l (e)
z n x l (e)

l (e) l (e)

l (e) l (e)
Spot Weld

d n (e)

e e

d
Seam Weld

c n x l (e)

l e

c
Slot Weld

c n x l (e)

l e

c
Dimensions of a joint preparations
 WELDING PROCESS CODIFICATION AS
PER ISO-4063
 1---Arc welding
 2---resistance welding
 3---gas welding
 4---solid phase welding
 5---Beam welding
 7---other welding processes
 9---Brazing, soldering and Braze welding
ARC WELDING
 11 -- metal arc welding without gas protection
 111--metal arc welding with covered electrode
 12– Submerged arc welding
 13– Gas shielded metal arc welding
 131– MIG welding
 135– MAG welding
 14– Gas shielded welding with Non consumable
electrode
 141- TIG welding
 15– Plasma arc welding
RESISTANCE WELDING
 21– Spot welding
 22– Seam welding
 225– Seam welding with strip
 23– projection welding
 24– flash welding
GAS WELDING& BRAZING
 31 --Oxy fuel gas welding
 311– Oxy acetylene welding
 312– Oxy hydrogen welding
 91– Brazing
 912—Flame Brazing
 913– Furnace brazing
 914– Dip Brazing
Solid state & other Processes
 41– ultrasonic welding
 42– Friction welding
 43– Forge welding
 441- Explosive welding
 521-Solid laser welding
 522-Gas laser welding
 71--- Thermit welding
AWS
 Only one reference line .(No dashed line )
 When weld symbols are placed below the reference
line the weld must be made on the arrow side of the
joint.
 When Weld symbols are placed above the reference
line the weld must be made on the other side of the
joint.
PLASE WAIT...
EXERCISE-1

Fillet Welding on both

sides (Symmetric) with
throat size 3 mm and
length 125 mm
EXERCISE-2
Single bevel joint with a
minimum penetration depth
of 5 mm for a length of 300
mm on the arrow side with
backing run on the other
side
EXERCISE-3
Single “v” joint with
broad root face for
minimum penetration
depth of 3 mm for a
length of 132 mm on
the arrow side with
backing run on the
other side
EXCERCISE-4
Fillet weld with
throat size 5 mm /
4 mm all around
the joint by CO2
process on the
arrow side.
EXERCISE-5

Fillet weld with throat

size 5 mm for 285 mm
length on the arrow
side all around with
CO2 process at two
places per assembly
EXCERCISE-6
Single bevel joint with a
minimum penetration depth
of 11 mm followed by a fillet
weld of throat thickness 4
mm for a all around length
of 528 mm by CO2 welding
process (applicable at 4
places per assembly)
EXCERCISE-7

Spot diameter of 6 mm
with a pitch between
spots is 50 mm.
WELDING SYMBOLS
 SUMMARY
 Definition
 Need for symbols
 Standars used for weldsuymbols
 AWS A2.4
 ISO-2553—System –A & System -B
 IS 813
 Elementary symbols—weld cross section
 Supplementary sym----weld finish
 Tail option----
 understanding of symbols with examples
Thank you