JMJ NOTRE DAME-SIENA COLLEGE OF POLOMOLOK

SERVICE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Brgy. Poblacion, Polomolok, South Cotabato
Tel No. (083) 500-8414
Passion for truth and Compassion for Humanity

Name: ____________________
Module Module Title Maikling Kwento at Nobelang Filipino
9-10 Course Code Fili 117
Unit Title Maikling Kwento sa Panahon ng Propaganda
Dates March 7-18, 2022
Unit Content
Panitikan sa Panahon ng Propaganda at Himagsikan (1872-1898)
Ang panahong ito ay bahagi pa rin ng panahon ng Kastila. Sa
panahaong ito unti-unting namulat ang kaisipang Pilipino. Ang mga
dahilan ng kanilang pagkakamulat ay: ang pagpapahintulot sa
pakikipagkalakalan ng pandaigdig nang buksan ang Suez Canal; ang
pagpasok ng diwng liberal sa Pilipinas buhat sa ibat-ibang bahagi ng
Europa at Espanya; ang pagiging Gobernador Heneral ni Carlos Maria dela
Torre na nagkaroon ng pantay na pagtingin sa mga mamamayan at ang
pagkakagarote sa tatlong pari na sina Padre Gomez, Burgos at Zamora.
Panahon ng Amerikano 1900-1941
Sa pagsapit ng ikalabinsiyam na dantaon ay dumating sa Pilipinas ang
mga Amerikano na siyang nagbigay sa mga Pilipino ng bagong Pag-asa.
Bagamat nakadama ng bahagyang kalayaan ang mga Pilipino sa
panahong ito, ang mga manunulat ay hindi pa rin nagkaroon ng ganap na
kalayaang makasulat ng mga nais nilang sulatin sapagkat sa pamamgitan
ng Batas Sedisyon ay pinagbawalan pa rin silang sumulat o pumaksa sa
mga bagay na may kinalaman sa pamamahala ng mga Amerikano na
maaaring makapapaalab ng damdaming makabayan sa mga Pilipino at
matutong ipaglaban ang kanilang mga karapatan.
Panahon ng Hapon:
Kung ang panahon ng mga Amerikano ay Panahong Ginto ng Nobelang
Tagalog, ang panahon ng mga hapones ay naging Gintong Panahon naman
ng maikling Katha at dulang tagalog sapagkat nabigyan ang maikling
katha ng pagkakataon sa Liwayway. Maikli man ang panahong sinaklaw ng
panahong ito, nagkaroon ng kabutihan ang pagbabawal na gamitin ang
wikang Ingles sa mga paaralan.
Nabuksan ang pagkakataon na madagdagan ang mga manunulat sa
wikang tagalog sapagkat ang mga manunulat na dating nagsisisulat sa
wikang Ingles ay napilitang magsulat ng mga akda sa wikang Tagalog kaya
sumigla ang wikang Pambansa na itaguyod ng Pangulong Manuel L.
Quezon.
Ang mga maikling katha sa panahong ito ay nagtataglay ng damdaming
makabayan. Nabigyang-diin ang katutubong kulay sa mga maikling
kwento at ang mga ito ay pumaksa sa uri ng pamumuhay noon na medyo
may kahirapan.
Isang magandang pangyayari sa panahon ng mga hapones ang
ginawang panunuri sa maikling kwentong naisulat. Nanguna ang Lupang
Tinubuan ni Narciso G. Reyes, pangalawa ang Uhaw ang Tigang na Lupa ni
Liwayway Arceo, at pangatlo ang Lungsod, Nayon at Dagat-dagatan ni
N.V.M. Gonzales.
Sa panahong ito naisaaklat ang pinakamahusay na kathang Pilipino ng
1943 na binigyan ng pamagat na 25 Pinakamabubuting Kathang Pilipino
ng 1943. Sa panulaan, dalawang uri ng tula ang kinakitaan ng pagbabago
sa anyo at paksa. Hindi na paksa ng pag-ibig at kaapihan ang pinaksa ng
mga tula kundi mga obserbasyon sa mga karaniwang nagaganap sa pang-
araw-araw na buhay. Ang mga tulang itnutukoy ay Haiku at Tanaga.
Ang haiku ay isang uri ng tula na binubuo ng labimpitong pantig na
nahahti sa talong taludtod. Dahil sa paglabas ng haiku na dala ng mga
Hapones, nabuhay ang isang matandang tula na halos katulad din ng
JMJ NOTRE DAME-SIENA COLLEGE OF POLOMOLOK
SERVICE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Brgy. Poblacion, Polomolok, South Cotabato
Tel No. (083) 500-8414
Passion for truth and Compassion for Humanity
haiku, ang Tanaga. Ito ay binubuo naman ng apat na taludtod. Ang bawat
taludtod ay may pitong pantig, at ito ay nagtataglay ng tugma at sukat.
PANITIKAN SA PANAHON NG HIMAGSIKAN
KALIGIRANG KASAYSAYAN:
Nagising pagkatapos nang higit sa tatlong daang taong pagkakahimlay
ang mga natutulog na damdamin ng mga Pilipino nang isangkot sa
digmaan sa Kabite ang tatlong paring sina Gomez, Burgos at Zamora at
patayin sa pamamagitan ng garote nang walang matibay na katibayan ng
pagkakasala. Itoy naganap noong ika-17 ng Pebrero, 1872. Naragdagan pa
ito nang makapasok dito ang diwang liberalismo sa pamamagitan ng
pagkakabukas ng Pilipinas sa pandaigdig na kalakalan, at ang
pagkakapadala sa kapuluan ng liberal na lider na tulad ni Gob. Carlos
Maria dela Torre.
PAKSA NG PANITIKAN:
1.Humihingi ng pagbabago o reporma sa pamamalakad ng simbahan at
pamahalaan.
2.Diwang makabayan.
3.Pag-asam o pagnanais ng kalayaan
ANG KILUSANG PROPAGANDA:
Ang kilusang ito ay binubuo ng mga intelektwal sa gitnang uri na tulad
nina Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Graciano Lopez-Jaena, Antonio Luna,
Mariano Ponce, Jose Ma. Panganiban, Pedro Paterno at iba pa. Paghingi ng
reporma o pagbabago gaya ng mga sumusunod ang layunin ng kilusang
ito.
LAYUNIN NG KILUSANG PROPAGANDA
1.Magkaroon ng pantay-pantay na pagtingin sa mga Pilipino at Kastila
sa ilalim ng batas.
2.Gawing lalawigan ng Espanya ang Pilipinas.
3.Panumbalikin ang pagkakaroon ng kinatawang Pilipino sa Kortes ng
Espanya.
4.Gawing mga Pilipino ang mga kura-paroko.
5.Ibigay ang kalayaan ng mga Pilipino sa pamamahayag, pananalita,
pagtitipon o pagpupulong, at pagpapahayag ng kanilang mga karaingan.
ANG MGA PROPAGANDISTA:
JOSE RIZAL - gumamit ng dalawang sagisag-panulat= Laong-laan
(Amor Patrio); Dimasalang ( Masonry), itinatag-LA LIGA FILIPINA
MARCELO H. DEL PILAR- gumamit ng ibat ibang sagisag-panulat
tulad ng PLARIDEL; PUPDOH;PIPING DILAT; at DOLORES MANAPAT
GRACIANO LOPEZ-JAENA - kinilalang manunulat at mananalumpati
sa Gintong Panahon ng Panitikan at Pananalumpati. Itinatag niya ang
kauna-unahang magasin, ang LA SOLIDARIDAD na naging opisyal na bibig
ng Asociation Hispano Filipina
ANTONIO LUNA - isang parmasyotikong dinakip at ipinatapon ng mga
Kastila sa Espanya. Sumanib sa kilusang PROPAGANDA. Ang paksa ng
kanyang mga isinusulat ay nauukol sa mga kaugaliang Pilipino, at ang
ibay tumutuligsa sa pamamalakad ng mga Kastila. Ginamit niyang
sagisag-panulat ay TAGA-ILOG.
MARIANO PONCE - naging tagapamahalang patnugot,
mananalambuhay at mananaliksik ng Kilusang Propaganda. Mga sagisag-
panulat na ginamit- TIKBALANG; KALIPULAKO at NANING. Tungkol sa
kahalagahan ng edukasyon ang karaniwang paksa ng kanyang mga
sanaysay. Inilahad din niya ang pang-aapi ng mga banyaga at ang
karaingan ng bayan.
Pedro Paterno - isang iskolar, dramaturgo, mananaliksik at nobelista
sa Kilusang Propaganda. Sumapi sa Kapatiran ng mga Mason at sa
Asociation Hispano-Filipino. Unang manunulat na nakalaya sa sensura sa
JMJ NOTRE DAME-SIENA COLLEGE OF POLOMOLOK
SERVICE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Brgy. Poblacion, Polomolok, South Cotabato
Tel No. (083) 500-8414
Passion for truth and Compassion for Humanity
panitikan sa mga huling araw ng pananakop ng Kastila.
Jose Ma. PAnganiban - itinago ang tunay na pangalan sa ilalim ng sagisag
na JOMAPA. Kilala sa pagkakaroon ng MEMORIA FOTOGRAFICA.
Pascual Poblete - Kabilang siya sa dalawang panahon ng Panitikang
Pilipino:Kastila at Amerikano. Mamamahayag, makata, mandudula,
nobelista at mananalaysay. Itinatag niya at pinamatnugutan ang
pahayagang EL RESUMEN. Sa panahon ng Amerikano, itinatag niya ang
pahayagang EL GRITO DEL PUEBLO at ANG TINIG NG BAYAN. Siya ang
kauna-unahang Pilipino na nagsalin sa Pilipino ng Noli Me Tangere ni Jose
Rizal. Kinilalang Ama ng Pahayagang Tagalog.
Paksa ng Panitikan
* Humihingi ng pagbabago/reporma sa pamamalakad ng simbahan at
pamahalaan.
* Diwang makabayan
* pag-aasam/pagnanais ng kalayaan.
Mga Halimbawa
* La Solidaridad
* Noli Me Tangere
* El Felibusterismo
Kilusang Propaganda
Ang kilusang ito ay binubuo ng mga intelektwal sa gitnang uri na tulad
nina Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Graciano Lopez-Jaena, Antonio Luna,
Mariano Ponce, Jose Ma. Panganiban, Pedro Paterno at iba pa. Paghingi ng
reporma o pagbabago gaya ng mga sumusunod ang layunin ng kilusang
ito.
Mga layunin ng Kilusang Propaganda
1.Magkaroon ng pantay-pantay na pagtingin sa mga Pilipino at Kastila
sa ilalim ng batas.
2.Gawing lalawigan ng Espanya ang Pilipinas.
3.Panumbalikin ang pagkakaroon ng kinatawang Pilipino sa Kortes ng
Espanya.
4.Gawing mga Pilipino ang mga kura-paroko.
5.Ibigay ang kalayaan ng mga Pilipino sapamamahayag, pananalita,
pagtitipon o pagpupulong, at pagpapahayag ng kanilangmga
karainganHimagsikan Laban sa Kastila
Ang pagkakatapon kay Rizal sa Dapitan noong 1892 ang naging babala
ng pagtatagumpay ng mga propagandista. Gayunman, hindi naman
nanlupaypay ang mga ibang masigasig sa paghingi ng reporma. Ang ibat
hindi naniniwalang reporma ang kailangan, naniniwala silang kailangan
na ng marahas na pagbabago.
Nagbago ang takbo ng panahon sa pagkakatatag ng Katipunan noong
gabi mismo nang mabalitaang ipinatapon si Rizal sa Dapitan. Si Andres
Bonifacio kasama nina Velentin Diaz, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa,
Deodato Arellano at ilan pang may diwang makabayan ay lihim na
nagpulong noong ika-7 ng Hulyo, 1892 sa isang bahay sa Azcarraga.
Itinatag nila ang Kataastaasang Kagalang-galangan na Katipunan nang
manga Anak nang Bayan (K.K.K.) o Katipunan. Nagsanduguan sila at
inilagda sa pamamagitan ng kani- kaniyang mga dugo ang kanilang
pangalan bilang kasapi ng samahan.
Ang mga manunulat na natampok sa panahong itoy sina Andres
Bonifacio (Ama ng Katipunan) at Emilio Jacinto (Utak ng Katipunan).
Kabilang dito Pio Valenzuela. Ang wikang natatampok nang panahong itoy
ang Tagalog. Kung sa panulat man ni Bonifacioy sinasabi niyang ang dapat
mabatid ng mga Tagalog, mababasa namang ang tinutukoy ditoy ang
mamamayang Pilipino, hindi naman niya matatawag na mga Pilipino
sapagkat ang mga Pilipino nooy ang mga Kastilang ipinanganak sa
JMJ NOTRE DAME-SIENA COLLEGE OF POLOMOLOK
SERVICE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Brgy. Poblacion, Polomolok, South Cotabato
Tel No. (083) 500-8414
Passion for truth and Compassion for Humanity
Pilipinas, hindi rin naman maaaring gamitin ang Indio sapagkat itoy
panlilibak ng mga Kastila.
Nang naging aktibo ang mga Katipunero, gabi- gabiy may pagpupulng
sila at nadarama ng mga Kastila na may nagaganap sa kapaligiran lalo na
sa Kamaynilaan at sa Gitnang Luzon.
Noong ika-19 ng Agosto, 1896, nabunyag kay Padre Mariano Gil sa
pamamagitan ni Teodoro Patio ang tungkol sa Katipunan. Dahil sa
pangyayaring ito, wala nang iba pang magagawa kundi ang
makiaglabanan. Kaya noong ika-23 ng Agosto, ipinahayag nina Bonifacio
ang kanilang layunin sa pakikipaglaban. Kaya noong ika-23 ng Agosto,
ipinahayag nina Bonifacio ang kanilang layunin sa pakikipaglaban sa
Pugad- lawin. Pinunit nila ang kanilang mga sedula at isinigaw ang
Mabuhay ang Plipinas!
* Andres Bonifacio (1863-1897)
* Emilio Jakcinto(1875-1899)
* Pio Valenzuela
Mga Pahayagan Noong Panahon ng Himagsikan
Hindi naging mabisa noong panahon ng Himagsikan ang mga katha.
Ang mga sanaysay at pahayagan ang naging behikulo sa pagpapabatid sa
mga tao ng mga tunay na nangyayari sa kapaligiran. Ito ang naging
mabisang tagaakay sa mga tao upang tahakin ang landas tungo sa
pagkakaroon ng kalayaan
Ilang sa mga pahayagan noon ang:
1.) Kalayaan- ang pamansag ng Katipunan. Itinatag ito noong 1896.
Pinamatnugutan ito ni PioValenzuela.
2.) Diario de Manila, ang pantulong ng Kalayaan. Natagpuan ng mga
kastila ang limbagan nito kayat may katibayan sila sa mga plano ng mga
Katipunero.
3.) El Heraldo de la Revolicion. Makalwa sanlinggom kung lumabas ang
pahayagang ito. Limbag ito sa Unang Republika ng Pilipinas noong 1898.
Itinaguyod nito ang kaisipang pampulitika. Nang lumaon, naging Heraldo
Filipino ang pangalan nito at kalaunan ay naging Indice Official at Gaceta
de Filipinas. Tumagal ang pahayagang ito mula ika- 28 ng Detyembre,
1898 hanggang kalagitnaan ng 1899. Layon nitong pag-alabin ang
damdaming makabayan tulad din ng mga naunang pahayagan.
4.) La Independencia. Naging patnugot nito si Antonio Luna. Itinatag ito
noong ika- 3 ng Setyembre, 1898.
5.) La Republika Filipina. Pinamatnugutan at itinatag ni Pedro Paterno
noong 1898.
6.) Ang Bayang Kahapis- hapis. Lumabas noong ika-24 ng Agosto,
1899.
7.) Ang Kaibigan ng Bayan. Lumabas noong 1898.
8.) Ang Kalayaan. Tagapamalitang Tagalog at Capampangan, Tarlac,
1899.
Himagsikan Laban sa Amerikano
Patuloy ang pakikipaglaban ng mga Pilipino sa mga Kastila. Ang
Gobernador Heneral nooy si Primo de Rivera. Kinsi niya makumbinsi ang
mga Pilipino upang magsalong ng sandata. Nagkaroon ng tinatawag na
Republika ng Biak-na-Bato. Si Aguinadlo ang pangulo. Si Mariano Trias
ang pangalawang pangulo. Ang Saligang-Batas nitoy nilagdaan noong
unang araw ng Nobyembre, 1897.
Sa tulong ni Pedro Paterno, nalagdaan ang panig ng Plipino at Kastila
na kinatawan nina Paterno at Rivera. Napagkasunduang si Aguinaldoy
kusang magpapatapon sa ibang bansa at si Primo de Riveray magkakaloob
ng malaking halaga sa mga rebeldet mga pamilya ng mga nasalanta sa
himagsikan.
JMJ NOTRE DAME-SIENA COLLEGE OF POLOMOLOK
SERVICE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Brgy. Poblacion, Polomolok, South Cotabato
Tel No. (083) 500-8414
Passion for truth and Compassion for Humanity
Natatag ang unang Republika noong ika-12 ng Hunyo, 1898. Narinig sa
unang pagkakatao ang Marcha Nacional Filipino ni Juan Felipe. Itinaas
ang bandila ng Pilipinas na ginawa sa Hong Kong nina Marcela Agoncillo.
May mga diplomatikong nagsisiskap upang ganap na makamit ang
kalayaan ngunit ang Kasinduan sa Paris ang siyang isinakatuparan ng
mga Amerikano. Na ang Pilipinas ay sasakupin ng mga Amerikano.
Naganap ito noong Disyembre, 1898.
Hindi tumutugot ang mga Pilipino sa pakikipaglaban. Ang panulat ay
mabisa pa ring sandata sa pagpapahayag ng mga niloloob ng sambayanan
at sa panahong ito, ang pangalan naman ni Mabini ang natampok.
Apolinari Mabini (1864-1903)
Si Mabini ang Utak ng Himagsikan Ang ginamit niyang wikay Kastila.
Tinagurian din siyang Dakilang Lumpo sapagkat sa kabila ng kanyang
kapansanan ay kinatatakutan pa ang kaniyang panulat at kailangan
siyang ipatapon.
Sinulat niya ang El Desarollo y Caida de la Republica Filipina at ang El
Verdadero Decalogo Humigit- kumulang, ganito ang nilalaman ng kaniyang
dekalogo:
* Ibigin mo ang Diyos at ang iyong karangalan nang higit sa lahat. Ang
Diyos ang batis ng lahat ng katotohanan, karunungan at lahat ng gawain.
Ang karangalan ang nag-uutos upang maging matapat, mabait at masipag
sang isang tao.
* Sambahin ang Diyos sa paraang minamarapat ng iyong budhi.
* Linangin mo ang mga katangiang kaloob sa iyo ng Diyos.
* Ibigin mo ang iyong bayan sunod sa Diyos at sa iyong karangalan.
* Pagsumikapan mong lumigaya ang iyong bayan nang una sa iyong
sarili sapagkat kung maligaya ang bayan ang lahat ng naninirahan ay
maligaya rin.
* Pagsumikapan mong makamit ang kasarinlan ng iyong bayan. Ang
kaniyang kasarinlan ay kalayaan mo.
* Kilalanin lamang ang kapangyarihan ng inihalal mo sapagkat ang
kapangyarihan ay galing sa Diyos at dahil sa ang Diyos ay nagsasalita sa
pamamagitan ng budhi ng bawat tao.
* Pagsumikapang makapagtatag ng isang Republika sa iyong bayan.
* Mahalin ang kapwa tulad ng pagmamahal sa sarili.
* Itangi mo ang iyong kababayan higit sa kapwa mo.
Jose Palma
Mahalaga rin ang papel na ginagampanan ni Jose Palma sa kasaysayan
at sa panitikan ng bayan. Siya ang sumulat ng Himno Nacional Filipino
(Pambansang Awit ng Pilipinas). Bagamat sa Kastila niya ito isisnulat at
marami nang salin ang nagawa, hindi maitatatwang siya ang naghandog
sa bayan ng Pambansang Awit.
JOSE RIZAL -gumamit ng dalawang sagisag-panulat
= Laong-laan (Amor Patrio); Dimasalang ( Masonry), itinatag-LA LIGA
FILIPINA
= ipinanganak noong ika-19 ng Hunyo 1861, bayan ng Kalamba
= namatay noong ika-30 ng Disycmbre 1896
= ang kanyang mga AKDA :
* NOLI ME TANGERE - akdang nagbigay daan sa himagsikan laban sa
Espanya; inilantad ang kasamaang naghahari sa panianiahala ng mga
Kastila sa Pilipinas.
* EL EILIBUSTERISMO - akdang nagsisiwalat ng mga kabulukan ng
paniahalaang umiiral
* MI ULTIMO ADIOS - (Ang Huli Kong Paalani); ito ay kanyang sinulat
noong siya ay nakakulong sa Fort Santiago. Ipinalalagay ng niarami na ang
tulang ito ay maihahanay sa lalong pinakadakilang tula sa daigdig.
JMJ NOTRE DAME-SIENA COLLEGE OF POLOMOLOK
SERVICE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Brgy. Poblacion, Polomolok, South Cotabato
Tel No. (083) 500-8414
Passion for truth and Compassion for Humanity
* SOBRE LA INDOLENCIA DE LOS FILIPINAS- (Hinggil sa Kataniaran
ng mga Filipino ). Itoy isang sanaysay na tuniatalakay at suniusuri ng mga
palasak na sabing ang mga Pilipino ay taniad
* FILPINAS DENTRO DE CIEN ANOS -(ANG Pilipinas sa Loob ng
Sandaang Taon ). Ito ay isang sanaysay na nagpapahiwatig na darating
ang panahon na ang interes ng Europa sa Pilipinas ay niababawasan,
samantalang ang impluwensya ng Estados Unidos ay mararamdaman.
Hula ni Kizal; kung may sasakop uli sa Pilipinas, walang iba kundi ang
Estados Unidos.
*A LA JUVENTUD FILIPINO- ( Sa Kabataang Pilipino ). Ito ay isang
tulang inihandog niya sa mga kabataang Pilipinong nag-aaral sa
Pamantasan ng Sto. Tomas.
* EL CONSEJO DE LOS DIOSES- ( Ang Kapulungan ng mga Bathala).
Ito ay isang dulang patalinghagang nagpapahayag ng paghanga kay
Cervantes.
* JUNTO PASIG - ( Sa Tabi ng Pasig ). Isinuiat niya ito nang siya ay 14
na taong gulang pa laniang.
* ME PIDEN VERSOS - ( Hinilingan Nila Ako ng mga Tula ).-1882 at
* A LAS FLORES DE HEIDELBERG ( Sa mga Bulaklak ng Heidelberg
1882 ).
Unit Learning Bilang isang adademikong disiplina sa Filipinolohiya, ito ay kailangang tumutugon sa mga
Objectives pangangailangan tulad ng:
a. Naiintindihan ang kasaysayan ng Maikling Kwento sa panahon ng Propaganda
b. Naiisa-isa ang mga taong may kontribusyon sa pagpapalago ng ating panitikan
c. Nasasalamin ang kahalagahan ng maikling kwento
Learning Magiging dalubhasa sa pagtatamo ng mga kagalingan/kasanayan sa larangan ng maikling
Competencies kwento.

Graduate Sinasaklaw ng araling ito ang wika, komunikasyon, panitikan at kultura o pambansang
Attributes kabihasnan sa pangkalahatan.  Pinapanday nito ang mga potensyal at talino ng mga mag-
aaral sa pamamagitan ng mga karunungang makakamit sa Filipinolohiya.  Nakatuon sa
pagiging malikhain (creativity) at sikhayan (scholarly works) ang lalim at lawak ng
pagpapakadalubhasa sa Filipinolohiya na napakahalaga sa kagalingang pambayan at
kapakanang pambansa. (COMMUNITY BUILDER)
Terminologies Ang maikling kwento ay maikli at masining.Isang upuan at sandaling panahon lamang ang
ginugugol, agad itong matutunghayan, mababasa at kapupulutan ng aral, pananabik at aliw.
Activities Pagkatapos basahin at intindihin ang kasaysayan ng maikling kwento, sagutin ang mga
tanong at isulat ang sagot sa sagutang papel.
1. Ibigay ang mga panahong nakapaloob sa kasayasayan ng Maikling Kwento.
2. Ano-ano ang pinag-ugatan ng Propaganda?
3. Ibigay ang mga pangalan ng kilalang tao sa panahon ng propaganda.
Assessment Pagkatapos gawin ang aktibidades, iguhit ang mga logo o pagkakakilanlan ng
bawat tao/grupo sa panahon ng propaganda.
Assignment Magsaliksik ng isang maikling kwento sa panahon ng Amerikano.
Unit Ang maikling kwento ay maikli at masining.Isang upuan at sandaling panahon lamang ang
Summary ginugugol, agad itong matutunghayan, mababasa at kapupulutan ng aral, pananabik at aliw.
Research Search for:
Link  https://pdfslide.net/documents/panitikan-sa-panahon-ng-propaganda-at-
himagsikan.html

MICHAEL P. ARGONILLO, LPT, MAED (u)

Contact Number: 09606457549
FB (michael parcon argonillo) Gmail (margonillo541@gmail.com)
JMJ NOTRE DAME-SIENA COLLEGE OF POLOMOLOK
SERVICE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Brgy. Poblacion, Polomolok, South Cotabato
Tel No. (083) 500-8414
Passion for truth and Compassion for Humanity

Tandaan: Ibabalik ang modyul bago o sa Marso 21, 2022

Components of Fitness
When planning a well-rounded exercise program, it is important to understand the five components of physical
fitness
and how your training affects them. The components include: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength,
muscular
endurance, flexibility, and body composition. In general, achieving an adequate level of fitness in all five
categories is
essential to good health.
1. Cardiorespiratory Endurance
This component of fitness relies on proper functioning of your heart, lungs, and blood vessels to transport
oxygen to
your tissues and carry away metabolic waste products. Physical activity that trains for cardiorespiratory
endurance
focuses on repetitive, dynamic, and prolonged movements using major muscle groups. You are
improving this
component when you are jogging, cycling, swimming, hiking, and walking.
2. Muscular Fitness
While there are five components of fitness, muscular strength and muscular endurance can fall
under the same
umbrella of muscular fitness. Both of these components focus on training your neuromuscular system, but in
different
ways. Muscular strength refers to the maximum amount of force a muscle can produce at one time, also referred
to as a
one repetition maximum. You can train your muscles to be stronger by lifting heavy weights for a few
repetitions.
Common exercises that focus on muscular strength include loaded squats, leg press, and bench press.
3. Muscular endurance
Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle to resist fatigue while exerting a submaximal amount of force.
Essentially,
it is a measure of how long a muscle can withstand a prolonged contraction or many repeated contractions.
Training for
muscular endurance requires you to perform many repetitions at a lower weight than you would use for
muscular
strength. Some common exercises that assess muscular endurance include pushups, sit-ups, and
pull-ups – all
performed to a point of fatigue. Even if you are not specifically training for muscular strength or endurance,
they are
still very important for daily living. Muscular strength, for example, must be called upon when lifting boxes and
moving
furniture. Meanwhile, your leg muscles must have enough endurance to walk long distances. Even the muscles
of your
core must stay “on” to support your posture when seated and standing.
4. Flexibility
Flexibility is the ability of your joints to move through a range of motion. This component of fitness helps to
prevent
muscular imbalances and allows you to move about with ease. Two common ways to improve flexibility are
static
stretching (holding a stretch for 30-60 seconds) and dynamic stretching (holding a stretch for a
few seconds and
repeating for multiple reps). Your heart rate response will vary with the type of flexibility training you perform;
in
general, your heart rate will be at or slightly above your resting value.
5. Body Composition
The last component of physical fitness, body composition, refers to the ratio of fat mass to fat-free mass (such
as
JMJ NOTRE DAME-SIENA COLLEGE OF POLOMOLOK
SERVICE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Brgy. Poblacion, Polomolok, South Cotabato
Tel No. (083) 500-8414
Passion for truth and Compassion for Humanity
muscle, bone, organs, and more) in your body. Overall health generally improves when you have a lower
amount of fat
mass (or lower percent body fat) and higher amount of lean muscle mass
Components of Fitness
When planning a well-rounded exercise program, it is important to understand the five components of physical
fitness
and how your training affects them. The components include: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength,
muscular
endurance, flexibility, and body composition. In general, achieving an adequate level of fitness in all five
categories is
essential to good health.
1. Cardiorespiratory Endurance
This component of fitness relies on proper functioning of your heart, lungs, and blood vessels to transport
oxygen to
your tissues and carry away metabolic waste products. Physical activity that trains for cardiorespiratory
endurance
focuses on repetitive, dynamic, and prolonged movements using major muscle groups. You are
improving this
component when you are jogging, cycling, swimming, hiking, and walking.
2. Muscular Fitness
While there are five components of fitness, muscular strength and muscular endurance can fall
under the same
umbrella of muscular fitness. Both of these components focus on training your neuromuscular system, but in
different
ways. Muscular strength refers to the maximum amount of force a muscle can produce at one time, also referred
to as a
one repetition maximum. You can train your muscles to be stronger by lifting heavy weights for a few
repetitions.
Common exercises that focus on muscular strength include loaded squats, leg press, and bench press.
3. Muscular endurance
Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle to resist fatigue while exerting a submaximal amount of force.
Essentially,
it is a measure of how long a muscle can withstand a prolonged contraction or many repeated contractions.
Training for
muscular endurance requires you to perform many repetitions at a lower weight than you would use for
muscular
strength. Some common exercises that assess muscular endurance include pushups, sit-ups, and
pull-ups – all
performed to a point of fatigue. Even if you are not specifically training for muscular strength or endurance,
they are
still very important for daily living. Muscular strength, for example, must be called upon when lifting boxes and
moving
furniture. Meanwhile, your leg muscles must have enough endurance to walk long distances. Even the muscles
of your
core must stay “on” to support your posture when seated and standing.
4. Flexibility
Flexibility is the ability of your joints to move through a range of motion. This component of fitness helps to
prevent
muscular imbalances and allows you to move about with ease. Two common ways to improve flexibility are
static
stretching (holding a stretch for 30-60 seconds) and dynamic stretching (holding a stretch for a
few seconds and
repeating for multiple reps). Your heart rate response will vary with the type of flexibility training you perform;
in
general, your heart rate will be at or slightly above your resting value.
5. Body Composition
The last component of physical fitness, body composition, refers to the ratio of fat mass to fat-free mass (such
as
JMJ NOTRE DAME-SIENA COLLEGE OF POLOMOLOK
SERVICE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Brgy. Poblacion, Polomolok, South Cotabato
Tel No. (083) 500-8414
Passion for truth and Compassion for Humanity
muscle, bone, organs, and more) in your body. Overall health generally improves when you have a lower
amount of fat
mass (or lower percent body fat) and higher amount of lean muscle mass
Components of Fitness
When planning a well-rounded exercise program, it is important to understand the five components of physical
fitness
and how your training affects them. The components include: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength,
muscular
endurance, flexibility, and body composition. In general, achieving an adequate level of fitness in all five
categories is
essential to good health.
1. Cardiorespiratory Endurance
This component of fitness relies on proper functioning of your heart, lungs, and blood vessels to transport
oxygen to
your tissues and carry away metabolic waste products. Physical activity that trains for cardiorespiratory
endurance
focuses on repetitive, dynamic, and prolonged movements using major muscle groups. You are
improving this
component when you are jogging, cycling, swimming, hiking, and walking.
2. Muscular Fitness
While there are five components of fitness, muscular strength and muscular endurance can fall
under the same
umbrella of muscular fitness. Both of these components focus on training your neuromuscular system, but in
different
ways. Muscular strength refers to the maximum amount of force a muscle can produce at one time, also referred
to as a
one repetition maximum. You can train your muscles to be stronger by lifting heavy weights for a few
repetitions.
Common exercises that focus on muscular strength include loaded squats, leg press, and bench press.
3. Muscular endurance
Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle to resist fatigue while exerting a submaximal amount of force.
Essentially,
it is a measure of how long a muscle can withstand a prolonged contraction or many repeated contractions.
Training for
muscular endurance requires you to perform many repetitions at a lower weight than you would use for
muscular
strength. Some common exercises that assess muscular endurance include pushups, sit-ups, and
pull-ups – all
performed to a point of fatigue. Even if you are not specifically training for muscular strength or endurance,
they are
still very important for daily living. Muscular strength, for example, must be called upon when lifting boxes and
moving
furniture. Meanwhile, your leg muscles must have enough endurance to walk long distances. Even the muscles
of your
core must stay “on” to support your posture when seated and standing.
4. Flexibility
Flexibility is the ability of your joints to move through a range of motion. This component of fitness helps to
prevent
muscular imbalances and allows you to move about with ease. Two common ways to improve flexibility are
static
stretching (holding a stretch for 30-60 seconds) and dynamic stretching (holding a stretch for a
few seconds and
repeating for multiple reps). Your heart rate response will vary with the type of flexibility training you perform;
in
general, your heart rate will be at or slightly above your resting value.
5. Body Composition
The last component of physical fitness, body composition, refers to the ratio of fat mass to fat-free mass (such
as
JMJ NOTRE DAME-SIENA COLLEGE OF POLOMOLOK
SERVICE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Brgy. Poblacion, Polomolok, South Cotabato
Tel No. (083) 500-8414
Passion for truth and Compassion for Humanity
muscle, bone, organs, and more) in your body. Overall health generally improves when you have a lower
amount of fat
mass (or lower percent body fat) and higher amount of lean muscle mass
Components of Fitness
When planning a well-rounded exercise program, it is important to understand the five components of physical
fitness
and how your training affects them. The components include: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength,
muscular
endurance, flexibility, and body composition. In general, achieving an adequate level of fitness in all five
categories is
essential to good health.
1. Cardiorespiratory Endurance
This component of fitness relies on proper functioning of your heart, lungs, and blood vessels to transport
oxygen to
your tissues and carry away metabolic waste products. Physical activity that trains for cardiorespiratory
endurance
focuses on repetitive, dynamic, and prolonged movements using major muscle groups. You are
improving this
component when you are jogging, cycling, swimming, hiking, and walking.
2. Muscular Fitness
While there are five components of fitness, muscular strength and muscular endurance can fall
under the same
umbrella of muscular fitness. Both of these components focus on training your neuromuscular system, but in
different
ways. Muscular strength refers to the maximum amount of force a muscle can produce at one time, also referred
to as a
one repetition maximum. You can train your muscles to be stronger by lifting heavy weights for a few
repetitions.
Common exercises that focus on muscular strength include loaded squats, leg press, and bench press.
3. Muscular endurance
Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle to resist fatigue while exerting a submaximal amount of force.
Essentially,
it is a measure of how long a muscle can withstand a prolonged contraction or many repeated contractions.
Training for
muscular endurance requires you to perform many repetitions at a lower weight than you would use for
muscular
strength. Some common exercises that assess muscular endurance include pushups, sit-ups, and
pull-ups – all
performed to a point of fatigue. Even if you are not specifically training for muscular strength or endurance,
they are
still very important for daily living. Muscular strength, for example, must be called upon when lifting boxes and
moving
furniture. Meanwhile, your leg muscles must have enough endurance to walk long distances. Even the muscles
of your
core must stay “on” to support your posture when seated and standing.
4. Flexibility
Flexibility is the ability of your joints to move through a range of motion. This component of fitness helps to
prevent
muscular imbalances and allows you to move about with ease. Two common ways to improve flexibility are
static
stretching (holding a stretch for 30-60 seconds) and dynamic stretching (holding a stretch for a
few seconds and
repeating for multiple reps). Your heart rate response will vary with the type of flexibility training you perform;
in
general, your heart rate will be at or slightly above your resting value.
5. Body Composition
The last component of physical fitness, body composition, refers to the ratio of fat mass to fat-free mass (such
as
JMJ NOTRE DAME-SIENA COLLEGE OF POLOMOLOK
SERVICE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Brgy. Poblacion, Polomolok, South Cotabato
Tel No. (083) 500-8414
Passion for truth and Compassion for Humanity
muscle, bone, organs, and more) in your body. Overall health generally improves when you have a lower
amount of fat
mass (or lower percent body fat) and higher amount of lean muscle mass
Components of Fitness
When planning a well-rounded exercise program, it is important to understand the five components of physical
fitness
and how your training affects them. The components include: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength,
muscular
endurance, flexibility, and body composition. In general, achieving an adequate level of fitness in all five
categories is
essential to good health.
1. Cardiorespiratory Endurance
This component of fitness relies on proper functioning of your heart, lungs, and blood vessels to transport
oxygen to
your tissues and carry away metabolic waste products. Physical activity that trains for cardiorespiratory
endurance
focuses on repetitive, dynamic, and prolonged movements using major muscle groups. You are
improving this
component when you are jogging, cycling, swimming, hiking, and walking.
2. Muscular Fitness
While there are five components of fitness, muscular strength and muscular endurance can fall
under the same
umbrella of muscular fitness. Both of these components focus on training your neuromuscular system, but in
different
ways. Muscular strength refers to the maximum amount of force a muscle can produce at one time, also referred
to as a
one repetition maximum. You can train your muscles to be stronger by lifting heavy weights for a few
repetitions.
Common exercises that focus on muscular strength include loaded squats, leg press, and bench press.
3. Muscular endurance
Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle to resist fatigue while exerting a submaximal amount of force.
Essentially,
it is a measure of how long a muscle can withstand a prolonged contraction or many repeated contractions.
Training for
muscular endurance requires you to perform many repetitions at a lower weight than you would use for
muscular
strength. Some common exercises that assess muscular endurance include pushups, sit-ups, and
pull-ups – all
performed to a point of fatigue. Even if you are not specifically training for muscular strength or endurance,
they are
still very important for daily living. Muscular strength, for example, must be called upon when lifting boxes and
moving
furniture. Meanwhile, your leg muscles must have enough endurance to walk long distances. Even the muscles
of your
core must stay “on” to support your posture when seated and standing.
4. Flexibility
Flexibility is the ability of your joints to move through a range of motion. This component of fitness helps to
prevent
muscular imbalances and allows you to move about with ease. Two common ways to improve flexibility are
static
stretching (holding a stretch for 30-60 seconds) and dynamic stretching (holding a stretch for a
few seconds and
repeating for multiple reps). Your heart rate response will vary with the type of flexibility training you perform;
in
general, your heart rate will be at or slightly above your resting value.
5. Body Composition
The last component of physical fitness, body composition, refers to the ratio of fat mass to fat-free mass (such
as
JMJ NOTRE DAME-SIENA COLLEGE OF POLOMOLOK
SERVICE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Brgy. Poblacion, Polomolok, South Cotabato
Tel No. (083) 500-8414
Passion for truth and Compassion for Humanity
muscle, bone, organs, and more) in your body. Overall health generally improves when you have a lower
amount of fat
mass (or lower percent body fat) and higher amount of lean muscle mass
Components of Fitness
When planning a well-rounded exercise program, it is important to understand the five components of physical
fitness
and how your training affects them. The components include: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength,
muscular
endurance, flexibility, and body composition. In general, achieving an adequate level of fitness in all five
categories is
essential to good health.
1. Cardiorespiratory Endurance
This component of fitness relies on proper functioning of your heart, lungs, and blood vessels to transport
oxygen to
your tissues and carry away metabolic waste products. Physical activity that trains for cardiorespiratory
endurance
focuses on repetitive, dynamic, and prolonged movements using major muscle groups. You are
improving this
component when you are jogging, cycling, swimming, hiking, and walking.
2. Muscular Fitness
While there are five components of fitness, muscular strength and muscular endurance can fall
under the same
umbrella of muscular fitness. Both of these components focus on training your neuromuscular system, but in
different
ways. Muscular strength refers to the maximum amount of force a muscle can produce at one time, also referred
to as a
one repetition maximum. You can train your muscles to be stronger by lifting heavy weights for a few
repetitions.
Common exercises that focus on muscular strength include loaded squats, leg press, and bench press.
3. Muscular endurance
Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle to resist fatigue while exerting a submaximal amount of force.
Essentially,
it is a measure of how long a muscle can withstand a prolonged contraction or many repeated contractions.
Training for
muscular endurance requires you to perform many repetitions at a lower weight than you would use for
muscular
strength. Some common exercises that assess muscular endurance include pushups, sit-ups, and
pull-ups – all
performed to a point of fatigue. Even if you are not specifically training for muscular strength or endurance,
they are
still very important for daily living. Muscular strength, for example, must be called upon when lifting boxes and
moving
furniture. Meanwhile, your leg muscles must have enough endurance to walk long distances. Even the muscles
of your
core must stay “on” to support your posture when seated and standing.
4. Flexibility
Flexibility is the ability of your joints to move through a range of motion. This component of fitness helps to
prevent
muscular imbalances and allows you to move about with ease. Two common ways to improve flexibility are
static
stretching (holding a stretch for 30-60 seconds) and dynamic stretching (holding a stretch for a
few seconds and
repeating for multiple reps). Your heart rate response will vary with the type of flexibility training you perform;
in
general, your heart rate will be at or slightly above your resting value.
5. Body Composition
The last component of physical fitness, body composition, refers to the ratio of fat mass to fat-free mass (such
as
JMJ NOTRE DAME-SIENA COLLEGE OF POLOMOLOK
SERVICE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Brgy. Poblacion, Polomolok, South Cotabato
Tel No. (083) 500-8414
Passion for truth and Compassion for Humanity
muscle, bone, organs, and more) in your body. Overall health generally improves when you have a lower
amount of fat
mass (or lower percent body fat) and higher amount of lean muscle mass
Components of Fitness
When planning a well-rounded exercise program, it is important to understand the five components of physical
fitness
and how your training affects them. The components include: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength,
muscular
endurance, flexibility, and body composition. In general, achieving an adequate level of fitness in all five
categories is
essential to good health.
1. Cardiorespiratory Endurance
This component of fitness relies on proper functioning of your heart, lungs, and blood vessels to transport
oxygen to
your tissues and carry away metabolic waste products. Physical activity that trains for cardiorespiratory
endurance
focuses on repetitive, dynamic, and prolonged movements using major muscle groups. You are
improving this
component when you are jogging, cycling, swimming, hiking, and walking.
2. Muscular Fitness
While there are five components of fitness, muscular strength and muscular endurance can fall
under the same
umbrella of muscular fitness. Both of these components focus on training your neuromuscular system, but in
different
ways. Muscular strength refers to the maximum amount of force a muscle can produce at one time, also referred
to as a
one repetition maximum. You can train your muscles to be stronger by lifting heavy weights for a few
repetitions.
Common exercises that focus on muscular strength include loaded squats, leg press, and bench press.
3. Muscular endurance
Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle to resist fatigue while exerting a submaximal amount of force.
Essentially,
it is a measure of how long a muscle can withstand a prolonged contraction or many repeated contractions.
Training for
muscular endurance requires you to perform many repetitions at a lower weight than you would use for
muscular
strength. Some common exercises that assess muscular endurance include pushups, sit-ups, and
pull-ups – all
performed to a point of fatigue. Even if you are not specifically training for muscular strength or endurance,
they are
still very important for daily living. Muscular strength, for example, must be called upon when lifting boxes and
moving
furniture. Meanwhile, your leg muscles must have enough endurance to walk long distances. Even the muscles
of your
core must stay “on” to support your posture when seated and standing.
4. Flexibility
Flexibility is the ability of your joints to move through a range of motion. This component of fitness helps to
prevent
muscular imbalances and allows you to move about with ease. Two common ways to improve flexibility are
static
stretching (holding a stretch for 30-60 seconds) and dynamic stretching (holding a stretch for a
few seconds and
repeating for multiple reps). Your heart rate response will vary with the type of flexibility training you perform;
in
general, your heart rate will be at or slightly above your resting value.
5. Body Composition
The last component of physical fitness, body composition, refers to the ratio of fat mass to fat-free mass (such
as
JMJ NOTRE DAME-SIENA COLLEGE OF POLOMOLOK
SERVICE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Brgy. Poblacion, Polomolok, South Cotabato
Tel No. (083) 500-8414
Passion for truth and Compassion for Humanity
muscle, bone, organs, and more) in your body. Overall health generally improves when you have a lower
amount of fat
mass (or lower percent body fat) and higher amount of lean muscle ma