7/8

Technology and Livelihood Education

Home Economics

Cookery Exploratory
Course
Quarter1 – Module 8

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TLE – Grade 7/8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 8: Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs), Environment and
Market
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Cherelyn E. Lagundino
Editors: Ma. Pacencia G. Dancel
Ailene L. Omadto
Annabel L. Guardian
Reviewers: Helen N. Flora, EPS TLE/TVL
Ma. Nimfa R, Gabertan, EPS English
Jeffrey D. De Guzman, PSDS
Illustrators: Cid Eduardo A. Equibal Jr.
Melani R. Santos
Layout Artist: Melani R. Santos
Management Team: DR. JENILYN ROSE B. CORPUZ, CESO VI, SDS
DR. FREDIE V. AVENDAÑO, ASDS
JUAN C. OBIERNA, Chief, CID
DR. HEIDEE F. FERRER, Education Program Supervisor, LRMS
MRS. HELEN N. FLORA, Education Program Supervisor, TLE/TVL
Printed in the Philippines by the Schools Division Office, Quezon City

Department of Education – National Capital Region

Office Address: Nueva Ecija St., Bago Bantay, Quezon City

Telefax: 3456-0343
Telephone No. 8352-6806/6809
E-mail Address: sdoqcactioncenter@gmail.com

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs), Environment and
Market. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students.
The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the
order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you
are now using.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1: Recognize PECs needed in Cookery
 Lesson 2: Generate a business idea that relates with a career choice in
Cookery

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the qualities of a successful entrepreneur;
2. asses one’s PECs in terms of achievement, planning and power;
3. compare one’s PECs with those of an entrepreneur;
4. discuss the swot analysis;
5. generate business idea based on the swot analysis;
6. appreciate the importance of knowing and analyzing one’s PECs, and the
market environment of the business.

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 What I Know

I. Multiple Choice. Read and analyze the statements carefully. Choose the letter of
the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. It is defined as the science of converting processed ideas into a 
remarkable enterprise.
2.It is co A. abilities B. entrepreneur nsidere
d as th C. competencies D. entrepreneurship e capaci
ty and a bility of 
the learner to 
handle situations in different areas of business operations, such as 
marketing, management, production, technical or financial.
A. abilities B. entrepreneur
C. competencies D. entrepreneurship

3. It is anything in the form of good, service or idea consisting of tangible

and intangible attributes which you can offer to the market and may satisfy
your consumers.
A. brand B. product
C. innovation D. unique selling preposition

4. What tool are you going to use to determine the profitability of your

 business operation?
A. branding B. innovation
C. swot analysis D. swat analysis
5.
Assume you are a confident entrepreneur and set long-term goals. If you
set goals and objectives that are SMART, what personal entrepreneurial
competences do you possess?
A. goal setting B. information-seeking
C. taking calculated risks D. independence/self-confidence

Module Cookery: Personal Entrepreneurial

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 Competencies (PECs), Environment
1 and Market
This lesson contains information and suggested learning activities in
Cookery Exploratory Course. It covers the fundamental knowledge in recognizing
the PECs needed in cookery and generating a business idea that relates with a
career choice in cookery.

What’s In

Welcome to the world of Cookery Exploratory Course! At the start of your

journey in learning cookery, the Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs),
entrepreneurial mindsets, the study of environment and market were introduced.

In this concept view, you will be reminded of these lessons and you will be
able to assess whether you have the competencies of an entrepreneur. In addition,
a brief lesson on the business environment and the market is provided to help
contextualize how your skills might be useful to an entrepreneurial venture.

You are then asked to read, understand, and internalize.

Notes for the Teacher

Upon completing the lesson, students should report their
achievement to you as their teacher, for assessment of the
knowledge and skills they acquired in this activity. If they pass
the assessment, they can proceed to the next module.

Activity 1: Make the Whole WORD Go Round and Clear!

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Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters to form a word. Copy and put answers in
your notebook.

1. NDBRA __________________________________
2. TEKARM __________________________________
3. TNEMRONIVEN __________________________________
4. PTYCNECOME __________________________________
5. RUENENRTEEPR __________________________________

What’s New

Activity 1: Read, Feel, and Adore Me!

Directions: Read and analyse the quotation below. Copy and put your answer in
your notebook.

“Marketing WITHOUT data is like driving with your EYES

CLOSED”.

-Dan Zarella-

Guide Questions:
1. What do you think this quotation means?
2. What are the most important ideas and values you see in the quote?
3. How do you relate this quote to “real life” situation or business?

What is It

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 Lesson 1 Recognize PECs Needed in Cookery

Entrepreneurship is the science of turning manufactured concepts 
into an excellent business venture. It is also the capacity for innovation and 
investment in a new market, products, or techniques. This definition implies that
an enterprise is at work whenever individual takes the risks and invest resources to
make something unique or something new, designs a new way of making
something that already exists, or create new markets. (p. 14 Entrepreneurship by Fajardo, 2009).

Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs)

Competencies may be defined as the learner’s skill, capacity and
 ability to manage the situation in various areas of business operations such as m
arketing, managing, manufacturing and technical or financial.
Entrepreneurial competencies refer to the important characteristics that
should be possessed by an individual to perform entrepreneurial functions
effectively.
It is a well-known reserach on human behavior done by McClelland 
and McBer which established 10 behavioral trends grouped into three
 general clusters; the achievement, planning and power clusters (SERDEF,
2007;1998.) It was discovered that these behaviours were also typical of
 entrepreneurial qualities.
In the model of competencies, Lalib Arafeh (2016) found three clusters that
must be attained by entrepreneurs, namely, achievement, planning 
and power.

KEY AREAS OF COMPETENCIES

1. Achievement Cluster
▪ Opportunity Seeking- Entrepreneurs have a good eye to spot 
business opportunities and act appropriately on them.
▪ Persistence- Entrepreneurs never give up. They persist until they succeed.
▪ Fulfilling Commitment- Entrepreneurs keep their promises, no matter how great
the personal sacrifices are.
▪ Demand for Quality and Efficiency-Entrepreneurs try to do something better,
faster and cheaper with high but realistic standards.
▪ Taking Calculated Risks- Entrepreneurs typically trust their hunches and act
on them.

2. Planning Cluster

▪ Goal-Setting- Entrepreneurs are confident and set long-term goals. They set
goals and objectives that are specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time-
bounded (SMART).

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▪ Information-Seeking- Entrepreneurs keep on gathering information about their
clients, market, suppliers, competitors, technology and opportunities.
▪ Systematic Planning and Monitoring- Entrepreneurs develop, plan, decide and
check logically to reach their goals.

3. Power Cluster
▪ Persuasion and Networking- Entrepreneurs know how to make other people
believe them or do something for them.
▪ Independence and Self-Confidence- Entrepreneurs must believe in their own
capability or potential to do something.

Generate a Business Idea that Relates with a

Lesson 2
Career Choice in Cookery

Most successful entrepreneurs do not simply “enter a market”. They build on

experience, knowledge, education and skills. Successful entrepreneurs find some
need in the market that is not being met. They must have knowledge, skills, and
experience to satisfy their customers.
He / she needs to explore the economic, cultural, and social conditions in
prevailing in an area. People’s needs and desires are viewed as business
opportunities. Identifying the community’s needs, its resources, accessible raw
materials, expertise and suitable technology will help a new entrepreneur in seizing
a business opportunity.
Environment and Market
People aspiring to start a business need to explore the community’s 
economic, political, social, technological, demographical, and cultural 
conditions. Identifying these factors may lead a new entrepreneur 
to start a business.
The market environment or business environment is a marketing term and
refers to factors and forces that affect a firm's ability to build and maintain
successful customer relationships. Wikipedia
Elements of Business Environment
1. Physical Forces
This relates to the physical location of the store and is also concerned with
the natural and man-made structures that can enhance the beauty of the location
2. Economic Forces
The economic forces apply to all economic factors that influence the
behavior of both business and consumers.
3. Cultural Forces
The cultural forces are a group of values, traditions, customs and behaviors
that are found to be common to all who live within a given community.

4. Technological Forces
Technological forces refer to the state of country’s science and technology
and related aspects such as the rate of technological process, institutional
arrangements for the development and application of new technologies.

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5. Political Forces
Political forces in the marketing environment are formed by elected
(and sometimes appointed) officials who have impact on the decisions taken by a
business organization.
6. Demographic Forces
Demographic forces statistically express socio-economic characteristics of a
population, such as age, sex, educational level, income level, marital status,
occupation, ethnicity, birth rate, death rate, average family size, and average
marriage age.

Spotting and Identifying Business Opportunities

One of the most important aspects of entrepreneurship is identifying market
opportunities. Spotting an opportunity is only the first step but requires good
performance skills. There should also be an adequate market for the opportunity.
An entrepreneur must have a keen eye to identify opportunities that he could
potentially turn into a good product or business venture.
Idea Generation
Idea generation is a process for collecting and developing ideas, both
abstract and concrete. This phase consists of collecting as many ideas as possible,
selecting the best one, drawing up a plan to implement the idea, and putting the
idea into practice.
Screening Business Ideas
Screening business ideas is a method used to determine new product 
concepts, approaches, and marketing patterns. Concept screening criteria are used 
to assess alignment with the overall company goals and whether the concept can 
have a reasonable return on investment.

Product Development
Product development typically refers to all stages involved in bringing
the product out of concept or idea, through market release and beyond.
Product is anything in the form of good, service or idea consisting of bundle
of tangible and intangible attributes that can be offered to a market that might
satisfy a want or need and is received in exchange of money or something else of
value (p.195 Principles of marketing by Serrano 2016).Product development
depends on the needs and wants of the customer.

Concepts of Developing a Product

Concept development is a crucial stage of a product’s development. At this
stage, the needs of the target market are identified and competitive products are
reviewed before product specifications are defined.

Innovation
Innovation in its modern meaning means "a new idea, creative thoughts, and
new imaginations in form of device or method ".(Wikipedia). It is the introduction of
something new into your product or service.

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 In cookery, innovating products is very important because you will create a
new product based on your ideas, and interest with low but quality goods like
making a product more creative, nutritious, and economical.

Unique Selling Proposition

The unique selling proposition or unique selling point is a marketing
strategy of making unique propositions to customers that convinced them to switch
brands. It was used in successful advertising campaigns of the early
1940s. (Wikipedia)
Unique selling proposition is a marketing activity that refers to any factors
or aspect of an object or service that distinguishes it 
from competitors.

Branding
Brand is the name or mark that is intended to identify the sellers’ product
and differentiate it from the product of the competitors. A brand name consists of
letters, words or numbers that can be read or verbalized. A brand mark is the part
of the brand that appears in the form of symbols designed in distinctive lettering or
colors. (p.125 principles of marketing by Pereda, and Castillo 2014).
Branding is a marketing practice in which company creates a name, symbol
or design that can be easily identified as belonging to a company.

Strength, weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT)

SWOT analysis is an entrepreneurial tool used to determine the profitability
of a business operation. Opportunities carry some ambiguity, and this should be
investigated carefully. These are factors that make it possible for the business to 
expand and make more profits. The strengths and weaknesses are internal factors
for an entrepreneur, while the opportunities and threats are external factors.
The entrepreneur must see how strong he is to fight the weaknesses 
on his side, and this needs a strong determination to succeed with caution.
Investing money and effort will turn the tide of income on the entrepreneur's 
side and this involve thorough research and analysis.

Why is entrepreneurship essential to the social development? 

and economic growth?
Great entrepreneurs have the capacity to change the way we live and work.
If successful, their innovations can improve living standards, create wealth
through entrepreneurial ventures, create jobs and contribute to a growing
economy. New products and services produced by entrepreneurs may have a
cascading impact wherein it stimulates related businesses or industries that need
to support the venture and promote economic growth.

What are the entrepreneurial activities related to cookery?

Many market practices are related to commercial cooking. These include 
the production of cookies, pastries, cakes, Philippine foods and other
delicious food from abroad. Such foods need to be marketed to the public 
to raise consumer awareness of the products.

Why self-assessment is essential in entrepreneurship?

Self-assessment helps entrepreneurs to better define the ideal size and scope
of the business before it even begins, by incorporating their personal, financial,
family, and personal goals. Business owners gain a lot by investing time and energy

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in self-assessment and personal development because their ability is directly
related to the fitness of their business. Entrepreneurs who work hard to be their
best are also setting an example for their workforce, showing the value of
continuous self- improvement.

Why is SWOT analysis important?

SWOT analysis is a tool for identifying and analysing internal and external
factors that may have an impact on the viability of a project, product, location, or
person. It can be used to evaluate initiatives, products, or projects. It provides an
organization a clear view of its strengths, allowing it to build on them and meet
business objectives.

What’s More

Activity 3: I feel NO, I Feel YES!

Directions: Write YES if the statement is correct and NO if it is incorrect. Copy and
put your answers in your notebook.

_________ 1. The process of developing and generating business idea is

simple.
_________ 2. To be a successful entrepreneur, you should always 
look closely at the environment and the market.
_________ 3. Product development is to gather information which turns to
strategic planning.
_________ 4. In conceptual development, the needs of the target are
 identified and competitive products are reviewed before 
product specifications are defined.
_________ 5. Your brand is derived from who you are, who you want to be
and what people perceive you to be.

What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Study Now, Study Later!

Directions: Answer the following questions briefly and honestly.
1. What are the top five (5) personal entrepreneurial competencies that you must
have and apply in putting up your own business?

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2. If you are going to put up your own cookery business:
a. What is the name of your business?
b. What is your main product to sell?
c. What is the tagline of your business?
d. What is the location of your business?
e. Who are your main target customers for your business?

Assessment

I. Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Copy and put your answer in your
notebook.
Column A
______1. Committed
______ 2. Persistence
______ 3. Risk -taker
______ 4. Self-confidence
______ 5. Opportunity seeker
Column B
a. never gives up
b. good eye spotting
c. set long-term goals
d. believing in yourself
e. responsive to change
f. accepts full responsibility
g. trust his/her hunches and acts on
them

II. Directions: Classify the following using SWOT Analysis. Choose S-for strengths;
W-for Weaknesses; O- for opportunities; and T –for threats. Copy and put your
answer in your notebook.

_______ 1. Rising costs _______ 6. Inexperience owner

_______ 2. Poor location
_______ 3. Easy management
_______ 4. Cheap raw materials
_______ 5. Favourable government
policy
_______ 7. Lot of competitors
_______ 8. Customers complaint
_______ 9. Lack of working capital
_______10. Growing demand for
similar products

What I Can Do
Activity 5: Do it Now, Do it Later!
Directions: Interview a successful chef or entrepreneur in your neighbors whose
type of business is related to cookery. During the interview, please focus on the PECs
and other business –related factors/ideas that helped them become successful.
Write the answers in your notebook.
Sample Guide for Interview
Name of the Entrepreneur: ____________________________ Age: ______________
Business Name: __________________Number of Years in Business: __________
Main Product/ Services Offered: ________________________________
Business Address: _________________________________________________

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Questions for Entrepreneurs:
 How did you identify your customers?
 How did you raise funding for your venture?
 How did the idea for your business come about?
 What was your key driving force to become an entrepreneur?
 How do you market your business, and which tactics have been most
successful?

Activity 6: Believe Me, Trust Me!

Directions: Based on the information you gathered from the interview, assess their
answers focusing on PECs which are related to the key areas of competencies.
Analyze and reflect on the similarities and differences in your answers. Write your
conclusion/reflection on the space provided below.
PECs PECs of Successful My Similarities Differences
Entrepreneur in the PECs
Place
Achievement Cluster
Planning Cluster
Power Cluster

Additional Activities

Activity 7: Search Me Now, Leave Me Now!

Directions: Read, analyze and do the following:
1. Assess your Personal Entrepreneurship Competencies using the self-rating
questionnaire, self-rating scoring sheet, self-rating corrected factor sheet and
interpreting score sheets which will be found in this website:
http://beta.entrepreneurship.org.ph/2018/08/09/how-to-identify-your-personal-
entrepreneurial-competencies/
2. For more information about environment and market, please watch a video from
this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bnmBkkpU_zg

Answer Key

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 WHAT’S IN WHAT I KNOW ASSESSMENT!
MATCHING TYPE
1. BRAND 1. D
1. F
2. C
2. MARKET 3. B 2. A
4. C 3. G
3. ENVIRONMENT
5. A 4. B
4. COMPETENCY 5. D
5. ENTREPRENEUR WHATS MORE! CLASSIFICATION
TRUE OR FALSE 1. T 6. W
2. W 7. T
WHAT’S NEW 1. F 3. S 8. T
2. T 4. S 9. W
Guide Questions:
3. F 5. O 10. O
ANSWERS MAY 4. F
VARY…. 5. T

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES! WHAT I LEARNED!

ANSWERS MAY
VARY ….
ANSWERS MAY VARY
WHAT I CAN
REFER TO THE WEBSITE BELOW: DO!
http://beta.entrepreneurship.org.ph/ ANSWERS MAY
2018/08/09/how-to-identify-your- VARY….
personal-entrepreneurial-competencies/
WHAT I CAN
DO!
ANSWERS MAY
VARY….

References
▪ Kong, Aniceta S & Domo, Anecita P., Cookery Manual Technical Vocational Livelihood Home Economics Module 1 and 2, First Edition, 201

▪ Acierto, Mariel A. Entrepreneurship. Unlimited Books Library Services & Publishing INC. Manila,

▪ Philomena, Uhunmwangho, and Osayomwanbor Philomena. “The Role of Entrepreneurship Education and Economic Development.” Journal
of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST), vol. 1, n. 5, Dec. 2014,
www.jmest.org/wp-content/uploads/JMESTn42350189.pdf

▪ Philomena et al.2014(as n.1 above)

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▪ Coulson, Gene. “Why entrepreneurship Education K-12, every Student Every Year?” Getting Smart, 27 Oct. 2014,
www.gettingsmart.com/2014/10/entrepreneurship-education-k-12-every-student-evry-year/.

▪ “Industry Wide Competencies/ Work Competencies.” EntreEd, The National Consortium for Entrepreneurship Education, www.entre.org/.

▪ “The Creative Entrepreneur.” THINKKIT, Cidaco, www.thinkkit.eu/uploads/docs/album_1_The_Creative_Entrepreneur_handbook_EN.pdf

▪ Hirata, Evangeline M, Ed.D. Technology and Livelihood Education exploratory Course, Fundamentals in Entrepreneurship K-12. Hyperbit
Internatioal, Inc. Mandaluyong City, 2015.

▪ Rondilla, Aida H., et. Al. Cookery Technical-Vocational-Livelihood Track: Home Economics Strand K-12, Volume 1. Adriana Printing Company,
Inc., Quezon City, 2017.

▪ Rafael, Editha T. Technology and Livelihood Education III. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., Quezon City, 2005.

▪ File: Fundamentals of Business - Fig. 1.3 - Business and its Environment.jpg. (2016, November 28). Wikimedia Commons, the free media
repository. Retrieved 03:59, June 29, 2020 from https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Fundamentals_of_Business_-
_Fig._1.3_-_Business_and_its_Environment.jpg&oldid=222483882.

▪ Informational interview Questions for entrepreneurs by Margaret Buj

https://www.livecareer.com/resources/interviews/questions/entrepreneurial-informational-interviewing

▪ An entrepreneurial key competencies’ model - Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-
Three-Cluster-Entrepreneur-Competencies-Block-Diagram_fig11_305114906 [accessed 29 Jun 2020]

▪ <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-Three-Cluster-Entrepreneur-Competencies-Block-Diagram_fig11_305114906"><img
src="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305114906/figure/fig11/AS:391274453585970@1470298507581/The-Three-Cluster-
Entrepreneur-Competencies-Block-Diagram.png" alt="The Three-Cluster Entrepreneur Competencies’ Block Diagram"/></a>

▪ .(https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-Three-Cluster-Entrepreneur-Competencies-Block-Diagram_fig11_305114906

▪ http://beta.entrepreneurship.org.ph/2018/08/09/how-to-identify-your-personal-entrepreneurial-competencies/

▪ http://beta.entrepreneurship.org.ph/2018/08/09/how-to-identify-your-personal-entrepreneurial-competencies/

▪ Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/idea-screening.html

▪ https://www.pxfuel.com/en/free-photo-eomjh

▪ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SWOT_grapheFL.jpg

▪ https://www.10minutebiztools.com/Spotting-Business-Opportunities.html

▪ http://beta.entrepreneurship.org.ph/2018/08/09/how-to-identify-your-personal-entrepreneurial-competencies/

▪ https://www.yourdictionary.com/business-environment

▪ Business environment. (n.d.). In YourDictionary. Retrieved from https://www.yourdictionary.com/business-environment

▪ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fundamentals_of_Business_-_Fig._1.3_-_Business_and_its_Environment.jpg

▪ https://www.entrepreneur-resources.net/self-assessment-self-improvement-important-entrepreneurs

▪ https://drjeffcornwall.com/2004/10/28/the_importance_of_selfassessme/

▪ https://icttechtips.wordpress.com/2018/03/10/what-is-personal-entrepreneurial-competencies-pecs/

▪ https://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/product-development-or-new-product-development-NPD

▪ https://www.brandingmag.com/2015/10/14/what-is-branding-and-why-is-it-important-for-your-business/

▪ https://www.pinterest.ph/thedailyegg/quotes-on-marketing-entrepreneurship-and-inspirati/
▪ http://www.forcharacter.com/quote_discussion.htm
▪ https://creatage.com

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph

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