• The development of the printing press (using movable type) by Johannes Gutenberg in the

1440s encouraged authors to write in their local vernacular instead of Greek or Latin classical
languages, thus widening the reading audience and promoting the spread of Renaissance ideas.

Orbis Sensualism Pictus

by John Comenius (1658) –

• The first illustrated school book appeared.

• It was known as Orbis Sensualum or Orbis Pictus (The World in Pictures).

• Invented by Johann Amos Comenius, Bishop of Moravia and an educator who believed in
teaching children by letting them see things with their own eyes. The book was originally written
in Latin and German, but was later translated by Charles Hooke in England in 1664.

The New-England Primer

New England Primers, first printed in Boston in the 1680s, were extremely popular texts not only in New
England but throughout the United States. The primers prepared young children to read the
Bible because reading the word of God for oneself was the ultimate goal of literacy for many Christian
Americans at this time

Chapbooks

In 16th century, printing became cheaper. Single sheets of paper printed on one side only called
broadsides were issued. These broadsides contained ballads of Robin Hood. In 1697 Charles Perrault, a
Frenchman, published his collection of tales entitled Comtes de Ma Mere L’ Oye or Tales of My Mother
Goose. Translation of these tales were published separetely as chapbooks in England.These books were
called chapbooks because they were sold by itinerant peddlers called chapmen

John Locke

• Locke: Locke believed in the idea of a social contract; that the government has a duty to its
people, and if the government is not able to do what is required, it should be altered by the
people. Also influential, his term “Tabula Rasa,” a phrase that represented the idea that people
are born a ‘blank slate,’ and over time are altered to become good or evil depending on their
environment. Locke believed that people achieve equality as a result of their rights, not their
abilities. He believed that humans should have the natural rights of life, liberty, and property.

• ByJean Jacques Rouseau

• 1712-1778) was a French philosopher who started a new philosophy in the education of
children. His book Emile embodied the philosophy that children be given freedom to develop
 their natural interests and learn from actual experience. He advocatesd that children be taught
about the real things and world in which they live.

The moral tale was foremost among the new genres of children’s literature that emerged in Britain
during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Written expressly to impart moral lessons
to their young readers

Hans Christian Anderson’s Fairy Tales in Denmark (1835

Hans Christian Andersen was a Danish author and poet. Although a prolific writer of plays,
travelogues, novels, and poems, Andersen is best remembered for his fairy tales, a literary genre he
so mastered that he himself has become as mythical as the tales he wrote. Andersen's popularity is
not limited to children; his stories - called eventyrs, or "fantastic tales" - express themes that
transcend age and nationality.

During his lifetime he was acclaimed for having delighted children worldwide and was feted by
royalty. Andersen's fairy tales, which have been translated into more than 125 languages, have
become culturally embedded in the West's collective consciousness, readily accessible to children,
but presenting lessons of virtue and resilience in the face of adversity for mature listeners/readers as
well. They have inspired motion pictures, plays, ballets, and animated films.