ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 pandemic created a big impact on the education system resulting in
widespread school and college closures globally. As a result of the worldwide closure of
educational facilities as a preventive step against the development of COVID-19,
teaching methods are being converted into an online format. Southwestern University
PHINMA, one of the Cebu Universities implemented its own online set-up particularly
the Remote and Distance (RAD) Learning whereby students' academic performance
and skills are influenced by a variety of factors.

The aim of this study is to convey research findings by identifying the factors affecting
3rd year Accountancy students’ academic performance of SWU PHINMA regarding
Remote and Distance (RAD) Learning set-up during the pandemic period of COVID-19,
the hurdles they experienced and the approaches they used to overcome challenges. 

This study is qualitative in nature and the data will be collected through an online survey
from the respondents who were currently 3 rd year accountancy students of SWU
PHINMA. Computers like smartphones and laptops will be used in this research. Survey
questionnaires will be generated in a Google form and an open-ended survey related to
the issues being introduced will be used to gather accurate data which will help the
researchers to determine the effects of RADL on students’ academic performance.
Pepito, Riezel V.
BSA 4A

Introductory of Statistics
(Introduction of Statistics)

Chapter III. Averages and Variation

Objectives for this lesson:

 Understand the reason that center and variation are important in describing a distribution
or data
 Grasp the different ways to describe the center of a distribution or dataset: mode, median,
mean, trimmed mean, and weighted mean
 Example: mean heights of males in US (5’9”) versus Netherlands (6’0”)

Mode
 Mode: for discrete data, the mode is the value that occurs the most
o Example 1: 1,1,2,2,2,3,4,5,6,6
o Example 2: -1,-1,0,0,0,1,2,3,3,4,4,4
o Example 3: 5,6,8,10,12,,15,20
o Example 4:8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12
o For continuous data, it is (are) the peak(s) of the distribution

Advantages:
1. Easy to find
2. Not sensitive to extreme of central tendency for categorical data
3. Only measure of central tendency for categorical data

Disadvantage: only uses some of the data

Mean
The average value. For discrete data sum of all values
number of values

Sample statistics, Population parameter,

Where
 n is the sample size
 N is the population size

Example 1: 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,5,5
Example 2: 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,5,100

Advantages:
 1. Every data value is used
2. Reliable: means of samples from the same population do not vary much (relatively
speaking)

Disadvantage:
1. Sensitive to extreme values

Trimmed Mean

We trim k% from both “ends” of the data: remove extreme values.

Procedure:
1. Put data in order from smallest to largest
2. Calculate how many values make up k% : n
3.