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  • OP Verbs Introduction

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    08A53 Omkar Dharmadhikari
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    The document discusses Sanskrit verbs. It notes that verbs are called "kriyapads" and provides examples. There are over 2000 verbal roots grouped by Panini into 10 classes called "ganas". Each gana has a distinguishing sign called the "vikarana pratyaya". Verbs are formed by adding the vikarana pratyaya to a verbal root and then adding an ending to indicate person. There are three tenses in Sanskrit - present, past and future - and the document provides present tense endings for singular, dual and plural for the parasmaipadi or third person forms.

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    OP_Verbs_Introduction

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    The document discusses Sanskrit verbs. It notes that verbs are called "kriyapads" and provides examples. There are over 2000 verbal roots grouped by Panini into 10 classes called "ganas". Each gana has a distinguishing sign called the "vikarana pratyaya". Verbs are formed by adding the vikarana pratyaya to a verbal root and then adding an ending to indicate person. There are three tenses in Sanskrit - present, past and future - and the document provides present tense endings for singular, dual and plural for the parasmaipadi or third person forms.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    41 views4 pages

    OP Verbs Introduction

    Uploaded by

    08A53 Omkar Dharmadhikari
    The document discusses Sanskrit verbs. It notes that verbs are called "kriyapads" and provides examples. There are over 2000 verbal roots grouped by Panini into 10 classes called "ganas". Each gana has a distinguishing sign called the "vikarana pratyaya". Verbs are formed by adding the vikarana pratyaya to a verbal root and then adding an ending to indicate person. There are three tenses in Sanskrit - present, past and future - and the document provides present tense endings for singular, dual and plural for the parasmaipadi or third person forms.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 4

    Sanskrit Grammar Basic Notes

    http://OpenPathshala.com/Learn-Sanskrit

    Verbs – Introduction

    Words

    Nominal roots Verbal roots

    प्रातिपददक-s धाि-ु s

    Nouns Verbs

    • Verbs are called as क्रियापद-s


    E.g. - रामः फलं खादति| (खाद्)
    - बालकौ धाविः| (धाव ्)
    - मयरू ाः नत्ृ यन्ति| (नि
    ृ ्)
    - अहं पठामम| (पठ्)
    - वयं चलामः| (चल ्)
    • In Sanskrit language, more than 2000 verbal roots exist
    • These are grouped by Sanskrit grammarian named पाणितन
    • They are divided into 10 groups called as गि-s

    OpenPathshala.com – Your Best Source to Learn Sanskrit, Hindi and Other Indian Languages!
    Sanskrit Grammar Basic Notes
    http://OpenPathshala.com/Learn-Sanskrit

    गि-s

    Regular Irregular
    group group

    1, 4, 6, 10 2, 3, 5, 7,
    गि-s 8, 9 गि-s

    • How to differentiate between these groups?


    • Each group has a differentiating sign
    • It is called as the ववकरिप्रत्यय
    1st – अ 4th – य 6th – अ 10th – अय

    How to form verbs?


    1. Verbal roots e.g. खाद्, चल ्, पठ् etc.
    2. ववकरिप्रत्यय
    3. Endings of person

    Verbal root + विकरणप्रत्यय = अङ्ग of root


    पठ् + अ = पठ

    अङ्ग of root + ending of person = Verb

    OpenPathshala.com – Your Best Source to Learn Sanskrit, Hindi and Other Indian Languages!
    Sanskrit Grammar Basic Notes
    http://OpenPathshala.com/Learn-Sanskrit

    Endings of
    person

    उभयपदी
    परस्मैपदी आत्मनेपदी
    (both PP
    (PP) (AP)
    and AP)

    • Like any other language, there are three tenses in Sanskrit also –
    - Present tense
    - Past tense
    - Future tense

    परस्मैपदी endings for Present Tense


    Singular Dual Plural Person
    मम वः मः 1st
    मि थः थ 2nd
    ति िः अन्ति 3rd
    Verbal root + विकरणप्रत्यय = अङ्ग of root
    अङ्ग of root + ending of person = Verb

    Verbal root + विकरणप्रत्यय + ending of person = Verb


    पठ् + अ + ति = पठति
    पठ् + अ + िः = पठिः
    पठ् + अ + अन्ति = पठन्ति (single अ)
    पठ् + अ + सि = पठसि
    पठ् + अ + थः = पठथः
    पठ् + अ + थ = पठथ

    पठ् + अ + सम = पठासम
    (अ changes to आ when followed by endings beginning with ि ्, म ् )
    OpenPathshala.com – Your Best Source to Learn Sanskrit, Hindi and Other Indian Languages!
    Sanskrit Grammar Basic Notes
    http://OpenPathshala.com/Learn-Sanskrit

    पठ् + अ + िः = पठािः
    पठ् + अ + मः = पठामः

    पठ् – to read/learn (1st गण) PP Present tense


    Singular Dual Plural Person
    पठामम पठावः पठामः 1st
    पठमि पठथः पठथ 2nd
    पठति पठिः पठन्ति 3rd

    OpenPathshala.com – Your Best Source to Learn Sanskrit, Hindi and Other Indian Languages!

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