Islam

Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion whose central text, the Quran, is considered by

followers, known as Muslims, to be the word of God. It is the world's second-largest religion with more than
two billion followers or 24.9% of the world's population. Islam teaches that God is merciful, all-
powerful and unique, and has guided humanity through prophets, revealed scriptures and natural signs, with
the Quran as the final, universal revelation and Muhammad as the seal of the prophets, while the teachings
and practices of Muhammad documented in traditional accounts provide a secondary constitutional model for
Muslims to follow.

History

The history of Islam concerns the political, social, economic, and cultural developments of

the Islamic civilization. Most historians believe that Islam originated in Mecca and Medina at the start of the
7th century CE. Muslims regard Islam as a return to the original faith of the Abrahamic prophets, such
as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will
of God.
According to the account, the Islamic prophet Muhammad began receiving what Muslims consider to
be divine revelations in 610 CE, calling for submission to the one God, the expectation of the imminent Last
Judgement, and caring for the poor and needy. Muhammad's message won over a handful of
followers (the ṣaḥāba) and was met with increasing opposition from Meccan notables. In 622 CE, a few
years after losing protection with the death of his influential uncle ʾAbū Ṭālib ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib,
Muhammad migrated to the city of Yathrib (now known as Medina). With the death of Muhammad in 632
CE, disagreement broke out over who would succeed him as leader of the Muslim community during
the Rāshidūn Caliphate.
By the 8th century CE, the Umayyad Caliphate extended from Muslim Iberia in the west to the Indus
River in the east. Polities such as those ruled by the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates (in the Middle East and
later in Spain and Southern Italy), the Fatimids, Seljuks, Ayyubids, and Mamluks were among the most
influential powers in the world. Highly Persianized empires built by the Samanids, Ghaznavids,
and Ghurids significantly contributed to technological and administrative developments. The Islamic Golden
Age gave rise to many centers of culture and science and produced
notable polymaths, astronomers, mathematicians, physicians, and philosophers during the Middle Ages.
By the early 13th century, the Delhi Sultanate conquered the northern Indian subcontinent, while
Turkic dynasties like the Sultanate of Rum and Artuqids conquered much of Anatolia from the Byzantine
Empire throughout the 11th and 12th centuries. In the 13th and 14th centuries, destructive Mongol
invasions and those of Tamerlane (Timur) from the east, along with the loss of population due to the Black
Death, greatly weakened the traditional centers of the Muslim world, stretching from Persia to Egypt, but saw
the emergence of the Timurid Renaissance and major global economic powers such as the Mali
Empire in West Africa and the Bengal Sultanate in South Asia.
During the 19th and early 20th centuries, most of the Muslim world fell under the influence or direct
control of the European Great Powers. Their efforts to win independence and build modern nation-states over
the course of the last two centuries continue to reverberate to the present day, as well as fuel conflict-zones in
regions such as Palestine, Kashmir, Xinjiang, Chechnya, Central Africa, Bosnia, and Myanmar. The oil
boom stabilized the Arab States of the Gulf Cooperation Council, making them the world's largest oil
producers and exporters, which focus on capitalism, free trade, and tourism

Islam Concept of Good

In the Islamic civilization, goodness is the purpose of all existence. Humans exist in order to do good,
right, nice, beneficial and useful things, and to struggle with bad, wrong, ugly, malevolent and harmful
things. According to Islam, it’s not enough to be good; you also have to lead goodness by creating values.
Being a true believer in God, a good son, a good parent, a good neighbor, a good friend – in short, a good
person – is the individual’s ultimate duty that Islam asks from each of us. Thus, goodness is a requirement of
being Muslim.
The modern world perceives goodness only as goodness to one’s self. Benefit and self-interest have
replaced being good. Individualism and egoism have turned goodness into pragmatism and utilitarianism.
The goodness in modern times has lost its aspect of love and metaphysics. Love, respect, mercy and
goodness have been replaced by social responsibility projects designed as advertising.

Islam Concept of Evil

The traditional theologians (Jewish, Christian, and Islamic theologians) agreed that God has some
sense attributes such as infinity (that God is without limitation), goodness, omnipotence, omniscience etc.
One of the best known of these is the so-called problem of evil. Its problem, in the sense which I shall use the
phrase, is a problem only for someone who believes that there is a God who is both omnipotence and
absolutely good. In its simplest from the problem is this: God is omnipotence; God is absolutely good;
however evil exists. There seems to be some contradiction between these three propositions, so that if any
two of them were true, the third would be false. But at the same time all three are essential parts of most
religious positions. While there is in the world evidence of much that is orderly, good and rational, there is
even more compelling evidence of all-pervasive evil. There are physical evil and moral evil.
 Physical evils are involved in the very constitution of the earth and animal kingdom. There are
deserts, icebound areas, scorpions and snakes. Secondly, there are various natural calamities and immense
human suffering, such as fires, earthquakes, droughts and famines. Thirdly, there are the evils with which so
many are born, such as blindness, deafness, mental deficiency and insanity. Most of these evils contribute
toward increasing human pain and suffering. There are moral evils. Moral evil is simply immorality evil such
as envy, greed, injustice, sin and the larger scale evils such as wars and atrocities they involve. Presently, if
God couldn't avert underhanded on the planet, no doubt He isn't almighty, and in the event that He won't
forestall fiendish, doubtlessly He isn't all-great. Think about these two choices: (1) God isn't incredible; (2)
God isn't all-great. I require some extra premises interfacing the terms 'great', 'abhorrent' and 'transcendent'.
These extra standards are that great is against malice, in, for example, way that something worth being
thankful for dependably disposes of detestable to the extent it can, and there are not constrained to what a
transcendent thing can do. From these it pursues that a decent all-powerful thing wipes out wickedness totally
and after that the recommendations that a decent supreme thing exists, and that malevolent exists, are
exceptional.

References:
(Internet Resources)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Islam
https://www.siasat.com/be-the-key-to-goodness-2141778/
https://www.scitepress.org/Papers/2018/99376/99376.pdf