Name: Maria Victoria M.

Dela Cruz Course&Year&Section: BEED 2-A Score:

Educ. 206 (Assessment in Learning 1) SLSU-MC (DTE)
Schedule: MTH 8:30AM-10:00AM Second Semester, 2021-2022
Assessment for Lesson 6
Item Analysis and Validity

Assessment to Lesson 6, Assessment in Learning 1

Task 1. Find the index of difficulty in each of the following situations and answer the follow up
questions, too. Perfect score for this output is 50 points.
1. N=30, number of wrong answers: upper 25% = 3 lower 25% = 6
2. N=45, number of wrong answers: upper 25% = 2 lower 25% = 7
3. N=60, number of wrong answers: upper 25% = 2 lower 25% = 6
4. N=55, number of wrong answers: upper 25% = 3 lower 25% = 9
5. N=75, number of wrong answers: upper 25% = 5 lower 25% = 10
Answers: (preferably with solutions below, encoded or photo)
1. 30 x .25= 7.5
Ru= 7.5 – 3
= 4.5

RI=7.5 – 6
=1.5

T= 7.5 x 2
=15

p= R
T
p= Ru+RI
T
p= 4.5+1.5
15
p= 6
15
p=0.4

2. 45 x .25= 11.25
Ru= 11.25 – 2
= 9.25
 RI=11.25- 7
=4.25

T= 11.25 x 2
=22.5

p= R
T
p= Ru+RI
T
p= 9.25+ 4.25
22.5
p= 13.5
22.5
p=0.6

3. 60 x .25 =15
Ru= 15 - 2
= 13

RI=15 - 6
=9

T= 15 x 2
=30

p= R
T
p= Ru+RI
T
p= 13+9
30
p= 22
30
p=0.73

4. 55 x .25 = 13. 75
Ru= 13.75 – 3
= 10.75

RI=13.75 – 9
=4.75

T= 13.75 x 2
=27.5
 p= R
T
p= Ru+RI
T
p= 10.75+ 4.75
27.5
p= 15.5
27.5
p=0.57

5. 75 x .25 = 18.75
Ru= 18.75 - 5
= 13.75

RI=18.75 – 10
=8.75

T= 18.75 x 2
=37.5

p= R
T
p= Ru+RI
T
p= 13.75+ 8.75
37.5
p= 22.5
37.5
p=0.6

Questions:
1. Which of the items in the above exercise are found to be most difficult?
Why?

The item in the above exercises that was found to be the most difficult is item number 1
because in the answers shown above, it has the lesser p value.

2. Compute the discrimination index for each of the items in the same exercise
(preferably with solutions below , encoded or photo).

1. DI= Ru - RI

= 4.5 - 1.5
 15

=3
15

DI= 0.2

2. DI= Ru - RI

= 9. 25 - 4.25

22.5

=5
22.5

DI= 0.22

3. DI= Ru - RI

= 13 - 9

30

=4
30

DI= 0.13

4. DI= Ru - RI

= 10.75 – 4.75

27.5

=6
27.5

DI= 0.22
5. DI= Ru - RI

= 13. 75 – 8.75

37.5

=5
37.5

DI= 0.13

Task 2.
Suppose you are the department head or principal, what action would you take on the
following matters? Provide your recommendations based on the principles of validity and
reliability. Perfect score for this output is 5 points per item.

Scenario 1: Mr. Roa taught the different elements and principles of art. After instruction, he
administered a test about prominent painters and sculptors in the 20th century. Would you
recommend revisions? Why?
Recommendations:
As a department head or principal, I will not recommend a revision for Mr. Roa’ s test. It
will determine whether the assessment is a valid representation of an unobservable trait of
the learner. He employs CONSTRUCT-RELATED EVIDENCE, with the outcome of the
assessment being dependent on the quality of the instrument employed and it may explain
other aspects of the students' behavior. The circumstance describes how consistent the
categorization judgments are rather than how consistent the ratings are for their reliability
Decision Consistency. It is evident in circumstances when teachers select who will pass or
fail.

Scenario 2: In Geometry class, the learners have to calculate perimeters and areas of plane
figures like triangles, quadrilaterals and circles. The teacher decided to use alternative
assessment rather than tests. Students came up with Mathematics portfolios containing
their writings about geometry. What would you tell the teacher? Why?
Recommendations:
As the department head or principal, I will tell the teacher how I appreciate her/him in
using Alternative Assessment. It is valuable and necessary in measuring students' learning,
and it is important to avoid making the evaluation style dull and boring. Students will be
willing to respond since the teacher is using an innovative assessment method. FACE
VALIDITY is being used to determine the validity because the teacher examines the
 portfolio's physical appearance to ensure that it is legible and understood. I would suggest
that he/she can utilize a rubrics or criteria to rate the students' portfolios and essays.

Scenario 3: There are two available assessment instruments to measure English skills on
grammar and vocabulary. Test A has high validity but no information concerning its
reliability. Test B was tested to have high reliability index but no information about its
validity. Which one would you recommend? Why?
Recommendations:
As a department head or principal, I will recommend Test A. The test A measures exactly
what it claims to measure. The school's goal is to test students' English skills in terms of
grammar and vocabulary, rather than the consistency of their scores. If Test A is used, it
would indicate the precision of student performance ratings.

Task 3.
 Below is a table of specifications (ToS) for a grade 8 Science test. Study the ToS.
Answer the follow up questions thereafter. Perfect score for this output is 35
points.
Learning Objectives Topic Allocate Assessment No. of Items Point
d Time Method System
1.Describe different Characteristics of 3 hours Selectedresponse 8/understandin x1=8
objects based on their solids, liquids, g
characteristics and
gases
2.Classify objects as solid, States of matter 3 hours Selectedresponse 7/understandin x1=7
liquid, or gas based on g
some observable
characteristics
3.Describe ways on the Use and handling 4 hours essay 4/applying and x3=12
proper use and handling of solid, liquid, analyzing
of solid, liquid, and gas and gas
found at home and in
school
4.Describe changes in Phase Change 6 hours Selectedresponse 8/understandin x1=8
materials based on the g
effect of temperature
total 16 27 35
Questions:
1. Is the number of test items in the ToS proportionate to the number of hours spent
for each objective? Why or why not?
Yes, the number of test items in the ToS proportionate to the number of hours spent for each
objective, because three hours is enough for the students to prepare within the time constraint. The
TOS can assist teachers in determining the sorts of items they should include on their assessments
by mapping the amount of class time spent on each goal with the cognitive level at which each
objective was taught.
2. If you have to be true to the ToS, which objective should you have the most and the
least number of items? Why?
As I studied the ToS, I think it is accurately done. There is coordination in the assessment questions
with the time spent on the particular content area, the objectives of the unit being taught, and the
level of critical thinking required by the objectives or state standards.
3. Did the specified assessment methods match the learning objectives? Explain briefly
why or why not.
Yes, the specified assessment methods match the learning objectives because as you can see in the
ToS, it is designed to achieve the learning outcomes. They reinforce one another.
4. Below are sample test items. Determine if each is a valid test item in accordance
with the objectives. Write Leni if yes and Bongbong if no.

Objective 1:
It is a process that changes solid and liquid.
a. Evaporation c. melting
b. Freezing d. sublimation
Answer: Leni

Objective 2:
Which of the following is in a liquid state of matter?
a. Ice c. orange juice
c. Glass d. sugar
Answer: Leni

Objective 3:
How would you handle and store insecticides at home knowing that these are hazardous
materials?
Answer: Leni

Objective 4:
When water vaporizes at room temperature, it changes into _________.
a. Fog c. steam
b. Ice d. water vapor
Answer: Leni

5. What are your suggestions to improve validity and reliability of the above test
items? Name as many suggestions as you can.
Answer:
* Identify questions that may be too difficult or may not be difficult enough.
* Increase reliability (Test-Pretest, Alternate Form, and Internal Consistency) across the
board.
* Use enough questions to assess competence.
* Compare your measure with other measures, or data that may be available.
* Make sure goals and objectives are clearly defined and operationalized.
* Match the difficulty of the test with the difficulty of the real-world task.
* Create tests with enough test items.