Management, Supervision and

Leadership
Teamwork

• Team
Characteristics of an effective team
• A clear purpose:
• Relaxed:
• Participation:
• Listening:
• Disagreement:
• Openness:
• Clear expectations

• Shared leadership:
• Relations with others:
• Team maintenance:
Leadership
stimulate inspire
together specific task.

•Lead by example.
Effective leader

• How well you lead depends on how well you

communicate.
Types of Leaders
• Authoritative Leader:

• Participatory Leader:
When to use Authoritative and when Participatory?
Authoritative Participatory
MANAGEMENT –

7 D’s of Time Management:

SYSTEM –
CHARACTERISTICS of SAFETY
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM:
STEPS on HOW to ACHIEVE SYSTEM:

7 P’s in WORK PERFORMANCE:

MOTIVATION -
Highly motivated people tend to show the following
characteristics:
Alfred Adler’s Motivation Theory
PEER PRESSURE -

CONFORMITY -
EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
–

ANTHROPOMETRY –
CLINIC PSYCHOLOGY –

COGNITIVE SCIENCE –
Factors Affecting
Performance
Stress
• Definition

• Stressors

• Cost of Stress
STRESS MANAGEMENT
Coping Strategies -

Defence Strategies -
Coping
© Baines Simmons Ltd 2005
Our bodies reaction to stress

© Baines Simmons Ltd 2005

The negative Effects of Stress

© Baines Simmons Ltd 2005

 Stress prevention
• Get your priorities right…am I overreacting to the problem?

• Don’t concentrate on menial tasks when a major task is left unattended.

• Writing a list of work that needs to be addressed and annotating their

order of importance

• Don’t worry about things beyond your control

• Take a short break

• Discuss it with someone

• Ask someone to monitor your work

• Go walking/exercising avoid caffeine…

© Baines Simmons Ltd 2005

The positive Effects of Stress

© Baines Simmons Ltd 2005

 Alcohol

© Baines Simmons Ltd 2005

 New legislation for aviation
personnel

•Aircraft and component maintenance personnel who’s work

could affect safety 80mg/100ml

© Baines Simmons Ltd 2005

 Medication
• Sleeping tablets

• Tranquillisers
• Antibiotics

• Anti-histamine
• Anti-depressants
• Pep pills

• ‘Sudafed’

© Baines Simmons Ltd 2005

© Baines Simmons Ltd 2005
 Sleep Deprivation
• Ultimately it will kill you!

© Baines Simmons Ltd 2005

 Problems with shift work

Fatigue has been reported as one of the factors contributing to maintenance error…

© Baines Simmons Ltd 2005

FATIGUE

Fatigue -
Fatigue
Causes ?
• Excessive hours of work
• Poor planning of work
• Insufficient personnel
• Poor shift pattern
• Insufficient out of hours rest/sleep
• Dehydration
• Temperature, humidity, noise
© Baines Simmons Ltd 2005
 Fatigue

© Baines Simmons Ltd 2005

 The impact of fatigue may be
minimised by:

© Baines Simmons Ltd 2005

 Tips to help you sleep
• Comfortable room, good bed, bedclothes
• Bedroom not used for an office or TV room
• Quiet – ear plugs or white noise
• Drink warm milky drinks

Avoid
• Drinks containing caffeine
• Alcohol
• Large meals

© Baines Simmons Ltd 2005

 Tips to help you sleep
Avoid physical activity before going to bed

Avoid emotional excitement

before going to bed (family, life
discussions, films, and books)
© Baines Simmons Ltd 2005
TWO TYPES of FATIGUE
1.) Physiological Fatigue -
Two Types of Physiological Fatigue:
a.) Acute Fatigue -

b.) Chronic Fatigue -

2.) Subjective Fatigue –

VERTIGO –
TYPES of STRESSORS:
HOW to COPE WITH OVERLOAD:

AROUSAL –

Sleep
Panic
Factors which push arousal too low

© Baines Simmons Ltd 2005

NOISE –
140 dB –

CIRCADIAN CLOCK –

SITUATION –
 Communication
The spoken word

© Baines Simmons Ltd 2005

Definitions of Communication

Dynamic Irreversible
Forms of communication
 Communication comprises of:
The Spoken Word
I almost
landed it
between the
two cars…

© Baines Simmons Ltd 2005

 Communication comprises of:

Written Communication

Written (includes text, email, letters, manuals, symbols and pictures etc.)

© Baines Simmons Ltd 2005

 Communication comprises of:

Gestures and Miming

© Baines Simmons Ltd 2005

 Communication comprises of:

Body Language

© Baines Simmons Ltd 2005

Barriers to communication

Does poor communication really cause aircraft accidents?...

© Baines Simmons Ltd 2005
Three C’s of communication
C

C
3 Medium of Oral Communication:

AWARENESS –

ALERTNESS –
 Communication is a three way process

Speaking

Feedback

Listening

© Baines Simmons Ltd 2005

RESULTS of POOR COMMUNICATION:

RESULTS of GOOD COMMUNICATION:

 The Dirty Dozen
TwelveHumanFactorsforAircraftMaintenanceProficiency
1. Lack of Communication
2. Complacency
DIRTY DOZEN in A WORKPLACE:

3. Lack of Knowledge
4. Distraction
5. Lack of Teamwork
6. Fatigue
7. Lack of Resources
8. Pressure
9. Lack of Assertiveness
10. Stress
11. Lack of Awareness
12. Norms
“The only way that we can live is if we
grow. The only way that we can grow is
if we change. The only way that we can
change is if we learn. The only way we
can learn is if we are exposed. And the
only way that we can become exposed is
if we throw ourselves out into the open.
Do it. Throw yourself.”
“Good Luck”