Introduction

 What is an image

 What is Image Processing

 Fundamental Image Processing Steps

 Applications of Image Processing

 Purpose of Image Processing

 Types of Image Processing

 Future of Image Processing

 Advantages

 Disadvantages

Conclusion

INTRODUCTION
 Image Processing based Embedded Quality Analyzer and Controller deals with
developing an economic and safe way to analyze the fruit or vegetable quality which
is based on color, and to control the speed of the grinder according to the quality of
the product.
 Here we are analyzing the quality of the product with the help of image processing
toolbox in MATLAB after checking the quality of the apples we control the speed of
the grinder according to the quality of the apple.

WHAT IS AN IMAGE
An image is represented by its dimensions (height and width) based on the number
of pixels. For example, if the dimensions of an image are 500 x 400 (width x height),
the total number of pixels in the image is 2000000.

 Grayscale – A pixel is an integer with a value between 0 to 255

( 0 is completely black and 255 is completely white).

 RGB - A pixel is made up of 3 integers between 0 to 255 ( the integers

represent the intensity of red, green and blue).

 RGBA - It is an extension of RGB with an added alpha field, which

represents the opacity of the image.
 WHAT IS IMAGE PROCESSING
 Image Processing is any form of signal processing for which our input is an image,
such as photographs or frames of video and our output can be either an image of a
set of characteristics or parameters related to the image.
 Image Processing generally refers to processing of two dimensional picture and by
two dimensional picture we implies a digital image.
 A digital image is an array of real or complex numbers represented by a finite
number of bits. But now in these days optical and analog image processing is also
possible.

FUNDAMENTAL IMAGE PROCESSING STEPS

 Image Acquisition
Image acquisition is the first step in image processing. This step is also known as
preprocessing in image processing. It involves retrieving the image from a source,
usually a hardware-based source.

 Image Enhancement
Image enhancement is the process of bringing out and highlighting certain
features of interest in an image that has been obscured. This can involve changing
the brightness, contrast, etc.
 Image Restoration
Image restoration is the process of improving the appearance of an image.
However, unlike image enhancement, image restoration is done using certain
mathematical or probabilistic models.

 Color Image Processing

Color image processing includes a number of color modeling techniques in a
digital domain. This step has gained prominence due to the significant use of
digital images over the internet.

APPLICATIONS OF IMAGE PROCESSING

Medical Image Retrieval
Image processing has been extensively used in medical research and has enabled
more efficient and accurate treatment plans. For example, it can be used for the
early detection of breast cancer using a sophisticated nodule detection algorithm
in breast scans. Since medical usage calls for highly trained image processors, these
applications require significant implementation and evaluation before they can be
accepted for use.

Traffic Sensing Technologies

In the case of traffic sensors, we use a video image processing system or VIPS.
This consists of a) an image capturing system b) a telecommunication system and
c) an image processing system. When capturing video, a VIPS has several detection
zones which output an “on” signal whenever a vehicle enters the zone, and then
output an “off” signal whenever the vehicle exits the detection zone. These
detection zones can be set up for multiple lanes and can be used to sense the
traffic in a particular station.

Image Reconstruction
Image processing can be used to recover and fill in the missing or corrupt parts
of an image. This involves using image processing systems that have been trained
extensively with existing photo datasets to create newer versions of old and
damaged photos.

Face Detection
One of the most common applications of image processing that we use today is
face detection. It follows deep learning algorithms where the machine is first
trained with the specific features of human faces, such as the shape of the face,
the distance between the eyes, etc. After teaching the machine these human face
features, it will start to accept all objects in an image that resemble a human face.
 Face detection is a vital tool used in security, biometrics and even filters available
on most social media apps these days.

PURPOSE OF IMAGE PROCESSING

 Visualization
Observe the objects that are not visible.

 Image sharpening and restoration

To create a better image.

 Image retrieval
Seek for the image of interest.

 Measurement of pattern
Measures various objects in an image.

 Image Recognition
Distinguish the objects in an image.

TYPES OF IMAGE PROCESSING

 Analog Image Processing
 Digital Image Processing
 Optical Image Processing

FUTURE OF IMAGE PROCESSING

 We all are in midst of revolution ignited by fast development in computer
technology and imaging.
 Against common belief, computers are not able to match humans in calculation
related to image processing and analysis.
 But with increasing sophistication and power of the modern computing,
computation will go beyond conventional, Von Neumann sequential architecture
and would contemplate the optical execution too.

ADVANTAGES
 The digital image can be made available in any desired format (improved image, X-
Ray, photo negative, etc) •
 It helps to improve images for human interpretation.
 Information can be processed and extracted from images for machine
interpretation •
 The pixels in the image can be manipulated to any desired density and contrast •
 Images can be stored and retrieved easily •
 It allows for easy electronic transmission of images to third-party providers

DISADVANTAGES
 It is more time consuming as compared to the former.
 More complex program.

CONCLUSION
 Using image processing techniques, we can sharpen the images, contrast to make a
graphic display more useful for display, reduce amount of memory requirement for
storing image in formation, etc., due to such techniques, image processing is
applied in recognition of images´ as in factory floor quality assurance systems;
image enhancement', as in satellite reconnaissance systems; image synthesis´ as in
law enforcement suspect identification systems, and image construction´ as in
plastic surgery design systems.

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