?

7%
16,5 %

16%
. ,

.
,

.

5,03 %
16,5 %

3,95 %

5%

5%

16,5 %

3,5 %

16,5 %

5,03 %

17,75 %

13,6 %
14,25 %

16,8 %

3,9 %
60 %

6,1 %
6%

15,8 %

4,9 %

4,5 %

15,9 %

16,5 %

16,5 %

15,8 %

4,75 %

6,2 %
5,5 %

16,5 %

19 %

57,3 %

15,5 %

68 %

4,8 %

5%

4,5 %

20 %

5,1 %

17,2 %

16,3 %

4,5 %

7%

. T ,

. :

5%

16,5 %

60,5 %

14,7 %

3,8 %
17,7 %

16,5 %



ACC1 Living Labs Global.
Living
Labs Global,
, ACC1 -

euroPROC. ,
, ,
.

.
25 ,
,

,
.

EUROPROC
().


.

, CC1
ACC1
Passeig de Grcia, 129
08008 Barcelona
Tel. +34 93 476 72 00
www.acc10.cat
: .
:
: ACC1
: BaseDesign
: A, 2011
: Grficas Rey S.L.
: 1.500
: B17911-2011
ISBN: 978-84-694-3301-0

100% FSC ,
100% - PCF ( ).
(nFR/011/003) - ISO 14001 - OHSAS 18001

?


,

.
,
,

- ,

.

10

30


.
,
.

- .

11

14

16

18

28

,
.


.

47

50

34

36

IV Produkt

,
.


Starlab



.


ENESA
-

.




,
- .


Urbiotic

20%
.

46

, 52

12

, DEFRA

.



.

;



.

38


Astando
,
.

:

Lappset

,

Instrumenta

,

.

44

54

56
,

58

Living Labs Global 40


.


Trip Convergence

,


.


,

20 .

Modular

,
.

68

88

70

,


50
.
,

.

.


,
.

euroPROC

71

72

74

76

-
-
Federal Business Opportunities

25 000 USD
.



-
.

-
Alfa1lab


.
-

12
PEPPOL,


e-

86

90

. - ,
, ,
. ,


.
,
EuroPROC ,
. ,
,

.

,
/ ,

, .

c o .
,


.

, ,
.
,
. ,
, - ,
,

- .
, ,
- ,
.

, -.

,
, . E

-
. ,


`-`. -,
,
,
.

,
. ,
,
,
.



.
, .
-

,
, .

.
,
-, -
.
,
, .
, -``
, -.
, , ,
-,

.

, ,
,
.
,
,
.
, - .

-
.

2020
, .

,
.


,
`
`,

.

uroPR,
,

. ,


, -
.
,


-``, -

. ,
,

, .

uroPRoc

16%
. ,

.



.

,
, ,
.
,
- - ,
, ,
- .

.
, -
. ,
,
.
, ,
,
,
,
50 ,
- .

,
.
,
,
. ,
,

.



:
,
.

,
,

.

.
346
,
,
?

, ?
,
?
,

, ?
,
, , .
- ,

.

-

, -
,
.
-
,
- .
e ,
,
.
,
,
- .
,
, .

,
-

,
, .

,
,
. ,

,
,

.
,

,


.

Page 10

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
: IRENE COMPTE, JOHN CONWAY, ARECELI PI
FIGUEROA, VANESSA HBNER, CHONG-WEY LIN, ANASTASIA
OROURKE, IVO SLAVOTINEK, MANUEL SWRD

11

,

,
50

.

,



-
,



,
.

,
,
,
.
,
, ,
.

,
, ,

. ,

- ,
,
(. ),
.
, ,
. ,
,
-
.
, ,
,
, ,
,
.

,

. , , -,
-
.


. ,
.
,
, ,
,
. ,
,

.
, ,
,


.

12

.
,

.
2002 ,

(),
. 2003 . ,
,
-
2006 .,
- 21 - (
) 2010 . , -71,
-
.
, , ,
, , , ,
,
.

2008 .
,
80% 2050 . (
1990 .)
10%
2010-11 2.
,
,


,
, 3050 (2010 .)
.
,


.


,
,
(
CO2) 100%
(
2035 . ).
,
.

13

, .
,

.
400 ,
( 2011.),
, ,
,
.
, ,


.

.

..
.
,
.



.

5
( EUR),

2009/12
2.1

2009/10
7.1

2009/13
2.6

2009
12.4

3
,




3:

, .

2009
0.8

2009/19
112.3

2009
1.3

2009/10
22.8

1. Green-7: ,
, ,
, ,

2.

10% 12
; decc.gov.uk/
en/content/cms/news/pn10_
059/pn10_059.aspx

3. - ,
COM (2008) 400/2

2009
6.2

4. ecolabelindex.com

2009/19
435.9

2009/10
13.8

5.
:
, HBSC
Global Research (2009)

2009/10
221.3

2009/12
2.5

2009
30.7

14

- ,

?
,

,
,
.
,

,
. , ,

,
.
() 6

.

(). ,

60 .

.
6. defra.gov.uk/sustainable/government/advice/public/
buying/index.htm

,
(DEFRA)

,

,
.
,


-
.

,

, .
.
, ,
40 -

, ,
7
- .
,
.


. ,
70%
.


?

?

,
25% .
,
,
,
,
.
7. defra.gov.uk/corporate/ about/how/procurement/ policy.htm

15

,

.
,
,
, .

,
.


,
7
-
. :
1.
,
,
, ,
.
2. .
,
, .
3. - ,
.
, ,
Supply2Gov (
) CompeteFor. 8
4.

.
5.

, ,
Compete For.
6. - ,
,
, .
7. ,
, .


,
?
-,
2010 .
50% .

.


,
.
,
, ,
. ,
(DEFRA)

8. defra.gov.uk/corporate/
about/how/procurement/tenders.htm

,

().

,
,
?
,
?

. ,

.
-
. ,
, ,
.
,
- Buying Solutions
(
)

()



.

.
?
,
.

,
,
10,000.
-
, ,
.


9
, ,

10. DEFRA
, ,
,
11.

9. innovateuk.org/delivering-

10. bis.gov.uk/policies/innova-

11. defra.gov.uk/corporate/

innovation/small businessresearchinitiative.ashx

tion/procurement/forwardcommitment

about/how/procurement/activities.htm

16

,
. ,
` `
,
, -
.
12
4000

3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

500
0

12.
,
Sren B. Jensen,

(2000);
: ,
,
,
De Maio, Paul, USF

(2009); ;

; Peter
Midgley, gTKP;
ecolabelindex.com

17

,

50%
3,200 .
1,250 . .
, 7.5%
.
,
-

, -
,
.
, - ,

(
)
,
.
-

,
40
, 2005 .
RFID
, 200

.

,
,
,
.
,
-
,

.

,
.

,

,

, (-) ,
, ,
,
,
,

,
13.

3. 4. 5.
1. 2.


7.1
7.2
7.3

6.

7.4
13, 14. , ,
- ",UNEP/SETAC (2009)

18

Hyresbostder,
,
,
.


85%, 65%.

. IV
Produkt AB, ,
,
,
, .
IV Produkt AB
, Hyresbostder
,

, .

IV Produkt Ab


.





,
.

Page 19

Hyresbostder
15
. , ,
. ,
. ,
,


,
.
,
.. (),
.

,
, ,
,
.
IV Produkt

, 1991 .,
.
,
, IV Produkt AB,
.
, Hyrsebostder,
IV Produkt .
IV Produkt
,
. ,
,

.

Hyresbostder ,
,
, /,

,
,
. IV Produkt AB ,

.

iv produkt

, IV Produkt ,
.

,
.
IV Produkt ,

, ,
.
,
Hyresbostder, IV Produkt AB


. ,
,
.

hyreSboStder

hyreSboStder

iv
produkt deSign

15. 2004/18/EC

31 March 2004

,

20

:



Urbiotica ,
,
. Urbiotica ,


,
.

20% .
, ,
,

.
2009 . Urbiotica
.
.

green Public Procurement

Page 21

.
:

Urbiotica

.
Urbiotica ,
.

,

.
,
.

20%
. Urbiotica



,


.
22 @ Urban Lab,

,
. Urban Lab
) , )

, )
)
.
2009 . 22@ Urban Lab
(Living Labs
Global Award),
- , .

150- 38 ,

Urbiotica.
2011. Urbiotica

6 .

,
, ,

Urbiotica

.


,
.
, Urbiotica

8,000 . ,
250

22@ Urban Lab. ,

. , Urbiotica
,
- ,

.

2009
urbiotica

3. 4.

22009
2010
2011

22@ urban lab 150
30 22@ urban lab

"
"

22

ENESA
,
,
.

23

.
,
,
.


.

ENESA
,
,
,
ENESA.
- ,
,
, 10 ,
237 000
( 118 000 ),
ENESA.
,
,
.

,
230 000 ,
1, 920 000 .

2 260 000
.





ENESA.

.
,
ENESA
- .

1970

, , ,
.

ENESA

19 ,

1980,. 2005,

,
ENESA,
2006 .

,
, ,
, .

, ,
( ,
) ,
.

.
16.


(2007) (2007)

-4,426,674 kWh/y

-29,323 m3/y

+18,500 kWh/y

0,00 eur

-38,119 eur

-8,417 eur

+118,000 eur

-190,789 eur

24

, -
.
, ,
,
,
.
2009-2012 ,
,

.

,

,
.
,
27-
,
,
,

.
,

-
100 / .

,
.
37 %
Ecolabel 392
252 ,
. 44
, ,

.
17.
2009-2012.
ANP 2008:736,

,

.

,

,


.

,

.

-
/

.

,
.

,


,

,
,

, -
,


.

.
,
.

18. - 19. ecolabelindex.com

25

,

?

,

,
.
,
,


2009 .,
.

,
:

EUR 1,400
6,500

VIAbono
()

EUR 750

EUR 10 / room

- 80%

- 80% .

90%

-
()
22 % (50% EU Ecolabel)
, 2002/77/

( ) <12 /.

,
2000/532/EC 3 Ma 2000
,

.
,

.
.

26
26

27
27

STARLAB ,
,

, .

, ,



.
Starlab , ,
,

. ,
,
. Starlab - ,
,
. ,
, 24 ,
, ,
.
,
.

. Starlab ,

.
,

.

,

, 4
, .
,

, ,
,

. ,
,.

, Starlab
.


,

.
Starlab ,

. ,




.

Starlab




,

20. MarCoast
gmes-marcoast.info

28

29

,

- -
, ,
- .

,
?
, -
,

,
,
.

:
,


, ,
,

.
, ,
.
,
,
.
, ,
.

- ,



,
.

,
.

- -
- .

,


, ,
. ,


.

,

?



,

.
,
,
.

-


-
,
,
,
,
.

.

. ,

,
. ,
,

, .

,
,
,

- ,
-

.
,
,

.

,
, .


,

.

30

. ,


,
.


.

(

1),
-
.
,

,

, ,
, .
(
)
.
,
.

2.
3.
4.
5.

,
(),

,
2,
.
,

.
3,
,

.




,

. ,

, , ,

,

-
.

1.

: , , , , , - ,

31

1.
(2005).
, A/60/1,

2.
.
A/ RES/61/106
13 ., 2006 .

3.

,
(2010)

32

, , ,
,
. ,
4

,
-

,
,
, ,

,

, ,
,

4.

, (2010)

33

-
,
. ,
.

,
.

34

,
,
.
, ,

.


. 508
5

, -


.
-
420 .
, -
- 7.2%.

,
, - .

,

, .

,
, ,
.
, , 3050 /2,
,
150 /2 8. ,
a
.

. ,

.

,
.
.
- ,
.

5- 100%
40
9.
, Greater London
Authority
4.7
,

10.

. CSRCompass11,

,

.

T ,
- .
15% - ,
6. Werksttten
() ,

7.
(Werkstatt) ,

Werkstatt
.
,

, ,
.
50% .

, 1979

1970

1,5 %

5,1 %
, 1987

, 1984

8,3 %

, 1980

, 1983

5,6 %

8,2 %
, 1990

, 1994

5%

7,3 %

national, 2002

, 2005

national, 1998

4.7

2010

35

352
650
4.7

5. 508.gov 6. 1, , IX 141

7.
, Werkstatt: Dialog

1
2
14
8. DR Ekstrabladet
(2007)

8,6 %

8,1 %

, , 2007

16,5 %
9.

,
2007

, 2009

10,7 %

10.
,
Greater London
Authority Group

, 2010

18,5 %

6,7 %

baden-wurttemberg
State, 2011
24.2%

11.
(SEMCo) csr-kompassen.se

36

,
700 ,
,
, ,

.
fairtrade
12

900.000
800.000
700.000
600.000
500.000
400.000

200.000

.
,
,
508 . ,

,
. ,


,
.

.

2005

2006

2007

2008

12. Fairtrade International - , Fairtrade

2009

,
,
`
`
. ,
,
)
, )
)

-
.

,

. ,


,
.
;
, (
)
,
.

300.000

100.000

2004

,


, ,

.
, ,
,
,

, .

13.
(2007)

14. WHO

37

,
. 650 13,
,
,
.
, e-Adept,
161 14,
369,000
17 . -Adept
,
,


35 15.

,
,
, .


16,
.
,
,
,
.
,

.

15. :
256 ,
(2010)

16.

, Sen, Korschun,
MIT Sloan Management Review,
Winter 2008

38

,


: e-Adept,
Astando,

.
1999 .
2010 . -
.

,
,
.

, , ,

.

,

.

, .
, Astando

MoSync

.

39

,
2010 . (
,
,
, Astando),
.
stando
,

.


.



.

, . Astando.
Nokia ,

.

,

940 ,
2,200 . ,
e-Adept .
, e-Adept
17
370,00017 .

e-Adept:
-

- e-Adept

-
-

-
e-Adept
,
-
, .

e-dept

usa

,
1,7% ,
- . ,

2005 . ( e-Adept).
Astando ,
,

.

NeW york

bliNd associatioNs

malm
borlNge
vsters
rebro

treboda
falkpiNg
skara
liNkpiNg

stockholm
borlNge
botkyrka
haNiNge
huddiNge

NykvarN
NyNshamN
salem
sdertlJe
tyres

saN cugat
oNce

brisbaNe

,

.
Easy Access ( ),
( Regis Wayfinder)
(Handitek Teknikdalen).

eAdept.


,
.

2011. e-Adept 20
.

hamburg
bliNd associatioNs

atcare
a feW cities iN eNglaNd aNd local
authorities iN scotlaNd, bliNd
represeNtatives

17. :
256
E,
(2010)

40

:

,
, ,
0
100.
, ,
.

41

,
,

.




.

,
.



. ,
,
. -,


.
,

.
.

,
,
.


65+, ,
. 2005 .,

,
,
.

,

. ,
,
,

.
2006 .
35
.



.
2010 .


- .

,

.
0100


.
, ,
,
,

,

.
,
,
,
.

42

43

Instrumenta Ab ,

.

.

2007 .18
.
,

.


,
.
SwedWatch //,

, 2007.

,
,
19.
Instrumenta AB ,

,
.
2010 .
.

,
Sialcot,
2007 .
,
.

,
,

.

(
) .

1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

8.
9.

,

Instrumenta

. ,
Instrumenta , Tillquist,

.

18.

19. ,

.

,
Skne
Vstra Gtaland
(2010)

SwedWatch (2007)

, 2007 . Tillquist
SwedWatch
,
-
, Stockholm County Council
,

T ,


.
SwedWatch
, .

Instrumenta

,

.

:
, ,
,

,
, ,

,
Swed Watch


.

,
,
, ,
1982 .
,

, .

SWEDWATCH :
1. ,
?
2. ,
?
3.
, 32
,

?
4.
?
5.
?
6.
?
7.

?
8. ,

?

44

45

-
, ,
.

-
,

,

.

-
.

- , : )
)
.

&

,
, .
,
.


20.

,
.
.

,

.

20. :
,
IISD, IIED (2010), IISD, IIED
(2010)

46

1.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
: ARHO ANTTILA, JAKOB EDLER, PAUL
MINOTT, JUAN RADA, EDUARD SENTIS, NINA WIDMARK

47

,
, .


.
,
,


.

,

,
- .
,

:

: ,
.

& :

.

, .
,

: ,
, ,
,
.

:
- ,


.
: ,
.
:
, ,

-
.
: ,
,
,
, .

1. ec.europa.eu/enterprise/
policies/innovation/policy/
lead-market-initiative/#h2-1

,


, .
, ,
,
, .
,

R & D,
.

48

49

&

&

1 2 3

4 5 6 7

50

.






.
,
,
.

, ,
,
.
,
,

.
,
,
:


(R&D)

. R & D
,
,
.
- ,
,
.

2.
:

,
3.

2004/18/EC

51

.


2,5% R & D , 12 .

2010 .

,
,

EUR 45 . , ,
. 114 ,
20% ,
.
,
, 700 . ,

.

,
.
, ,
,
. ,
,
.
3

(. . 18)
,

, : )
b)
) ,
4.

2004 .
, ,

.
,
.
.

.
-,


,
.

, , ,
,
.

(. )5

18,752

7,268

29,074

72,684

21,805

47,245

21,805

,

7,632

3,271


2,471


1,454

58,147

43,610

29,074
4. communities.gov.uk/
documents/localgovernment/
pdf/annex-3.pdf

5. US Government data on
Recovery Act

21,805

18,171

(, )
13,810

8,359

7,995

30,527

18,171

45,271

52

,
,
,


,

and policy cons on demand-driv innovation polic

,

,

Professor edler, Innovative Public Procurement is meant

,
,
-
, -
,
.
,
?
,
,

,
, ,
, , .
- ,
-
.

.
, -
. , -

,
. ,
- ,
.

6. underpin.portals.mbs.

o
.
,

This, how

.
,

.

- ?

?
, -. ,
, -
,
. ,

.

. ,

,
,
, .

-

53

,

.

, ,
.
,
,
,
.
,
.. ,
, - .


, (,
)
,
?
.
-
.
, - ,

.
, (
) .
.

- , ,
,
.
,
,
(
).
, .

,
.

,

,
. ,
,
, .
,
, ,

.

,

, ,


?
,
,
, -
.
: , , .
, ,

, .

,
,
,
. ,
, -
, .
, -
,
.. ,


.

,
,

. ,
, -


?
,

. -, ,
. ,
,
- ,
?
, , ,
,
, ,
. .
, ,
.

54

,
.
,
,
. ,


.

.
,
R & D,
,
?




,
,
.

, , ,

. ,

,
,
,
.

,
.
,

,
.
7.
, Wilkinson (2005)

, ,
.

,
, ,

( ).
,
R & D

,
-.

,
.


.


, .
,
-
,
, .

,
,
, -
,
.

, ,
,

- .
,
- ,
.
,

, .
,
, ,

,

.

55

,
,
, . ,
, -
-

.



,
.
, ,

.

,
,
,
- ,
. ,
-
.
,
, ,
20102011 .,
,

.

,
. ,
,
,
.

, ,
. ,


, ,

.

56

- .

Oracle


.

Oracle,
,
.
,
(EMEA).
- ,
?
, :
- : ,
, -
, ,

.
- : :
, ,
, .

(.
), ,
.
- : ,

,
.
(. ).
- :
, ,

, ,
,
,
. (Smart
) ,
,
. -
.
(, ..)

. ,
, ,
.

,

,
,

.

?
,

. ,

, ,
,
.
, .

, ,

. ,
,
, ,
, " "
.
.

, ,
.
, ,
.

, ,
,
,


.

,
.
, ,

?
,
.
, ,
,
. ,
. , ,
, .
,
,
, , .
, , .

,
,
,
.

57

, ,
,


Oracle ?
, .
, ""
,
. ,

,
3-5 . ,
,
, G-Clouds.

,
,
,

- .


?
,
,
, , ,
- .

, , ,
, .

,

, ,

(.
, , ,
, )?
-
( ),
,
,
.

, - .

-
, -
.
, ,



.
.
,
, .
,

.

58

40 , living labs global

450 .

,
,
- . ,
- ,
,

, 567 000
.
,

,
,
.
, 300-500
,
65 . , ,
. ,
,
.
,
. - ,
,
,
.

,
,
7,500-12,000 10%
- 2% .
,
,

,
.

, Living Labs Global,

, 2004 .
40 450 ,
- ,
,
. ,
99%
,
.

59

. ,
,
, Living Labs Global

.
-
,
40 120
.
( )
,
-

.

-

. Living Labs Global,
14
,
. 22 @ Urban Lab
,

.

liviNg labs global

2010., racle Corporation,
,
Living Labs Global

,
, .
Living Labs Global
2011 .
, , . 250
,

.


,
. -
500
5000 .

60

TRIP ConvergenceLtd.,


,

.
Trip Convergence Ltd e
o
- 2004 ,
.
-,
.
, ,


,
.
, , Trip Convergence Ltd e
.
,
,
.
,
. Trip Convergence
,
:
,
,
.
,
.

, .

.
, ,

:
, ,
?

,
Trip Convergence 275 000
,
; ;


.
165 000
,
New Zealand Trade and Enterprise.

6 ,

Ridesharing
( , 2011),
,
. The Ridesharing Institute
4
2020,
,
Trip Convergence.

61

carpooling ( )

,
1970.
,
HOV3( ) HOV4
. 10 000 , ,
.

,
, ,

-
.

2004

trip convergence

Flexible car-pooling to houSe

and Senate tranSportation
committeeS in olympia (uS)2

ShortliSted
preSentation to San diego
metropolitan planning
agency

inveStment incorporate
SmS trip tracking SyStem
integral to Solution

2005

(2005,
2006, 2008)

2009

biometric SenSorS For

San diego teSt oF advanced
vehicle occupancy enForcement
applicationS
loSt
San diego metropolitan
planning agency awardS
competing propoSal3

auckland tranSport
plan haS no reFerence to
Flexible carpooling

rideSharing e
rideSharing globally by
2020

2006

-
&

applied
uS tranSportation
reSearch board tranSit
idea FeaSibility Study

2010

proJect to competitor4

2007

liFe call
(uS dot, Fhwa)1

2008

(2009,
2010)

62

,
.
,
.
1970.,
1990.
, NUTEK
( )

.
,
- ,

.

NUTEK
50%.


, .
,

.
,


()
,
.

8. ,
,
VINOVA,

.

,

,



NUTEK




,

.
,
30% .


,
.
,
.


. ,


.
1:
6 , 21
; 13 ,
,

.
,
10 000
.
, ,
20 000

63

. ,
,
,
.
.
2:

,
.


.
.
, .
, ,
.
,

.
5 .

. ,

,
. ,

.
, ,
60%
, ,

.
,
.

,
,
-40%,
. ,

.
, ,
,
-
,

.
, .

64

,

,




.
,
,

.

:
,
- 0,06 . , .
80%
.
,
2000 .
, ele 2, .
,
20%
. -
,
,
,
,
.
0.32
.
20%
. (35%
2000.) ,
,
18 100.,

, , -
.
.

, 20% ,
10% ,
80%
. ,
,

- ,
,
.
Trigger Software, ,
, ,
Tele 2.
Tele 2 , - ,
. 2003

65

, ! ,
,
- 30
. ,
Helmes,
, 2005 2006 .
2011,
,
, ,

.
,
,
35 % .
, 13
! ,
,
,
. ,


.
, -

- !

. SMS

. , ,
, .
,
,
. ,
( ),
! 6 .
,
,
, .

, ,
,
NOW! ,
:
-
- ,

-
-
-

- NOW!

-
- ,

15 eur 1,15

parkiNg 2 =
144 eek

=0

720g

(2000) = 218g
218g

(2000)12 = 54%

66

2010 200
, 2000 ,
7.

. , odular
, .
Modular ,

2003 .



. , Modular

,
. ,

,


.

2008,

. Urbikes,
. Urbikes


, ,
,
.


,
,
200- ,
.
, ,
.

,


.,
Urbikes, - -
- . ,

.

2008 , Urbikes,


, .
-
,
,
. ,
.

67

Urbikes

,

. ,
.

, Ytech ,
1960.

Vic ,
Urbikes 2010 .
.
, Granollers
- ,
80%.

, Urbikes , ,

,
,

.

2011-2012 Urbikes
,
- ,
Urbikes
- .

Urbikes

,
.
, ,

.

:
6,000
urbike:
1,200

68

69

,
.
,
.

..

?


,
.
,
)
)
)

,


.

-
,

-
,
,
.

;
.

,
,
.
- -

,
,
.
,
,
.

-

,


.


.

70

71

,
.
,

,
.
(-)
, ,
.
-
,

.

,
,
,

.

,
,


.

-
,
,
. -
,
,
.

,

, ,
, . ,
,
.
,
-,

, ,
,
,
.
,
.
,
.

5.

: KENNETH BENGTSSON, CARMEN CICIRIELLO

1. -:
, .(2001)

1.
2.

3.
4.

72

73

,
,
5.
,
-.
,
,
.

,
,

.

.

. ,
,
.

,
.

-, ,
-
,
.
,

,
,

.


,

(
.84 - .56).

.
PEPPOL2

,

( . 82).


.

2010.

, 700
,
,

.

: -
,

( . 84),
( ),
3. 4,
,


.
, ,
,
.
,
, -
.
2010.,



.

( . )6

21,264

19,862

18,791

3. marches-publics.gouv.fr

4. catalogopatrimonio.meh.es

2,025

1,393

2,985

2,972

10,952

4,148

2,141

3,586

11,084

11,051

5.
IP/11/183, 16/02/2011
2. peppol.eu/

3,996


3,996

2,529

2,158

6.
, OGC (2008)

1,374
445
389

74

2010.
210 . -,
. -
,

.
420 . 3.55%

7.
, , 2010 .
5% . ,

20 . .
210 . , 50 %
, 2005.

-
(PEPPOL), -, -
50 .
8. ,
- ,
23%..

75

, ,
. -
50 %

.
,
,
( .84),

- .

,
.

. The Greater London Authority9
4.7 . ,
13% 522 .


.

, ,
,
, - .
, ,
, ,
,
-
.
-,
.

-

.
,
-
.
-,
. -
,
.

40
20
20

2 . 10
-

,
,

620

60

540

60

220

40

140

,,

140

20

120
7.

8.
,
PEPPOL

20

20

9. london.gov.uk/rp/docs/
respro2010.pdf

10. ski.dk/om/okonmi/Sider/
default.aspx

76

77

,
,
.
25,000 ,

.
FedBizOpps ()

25,000 .

.


(IAE).

11
12.

22 000 ,
, .

,

- .

,
, - .

,
(FAR). ,
.
,

14,
3,000
15
.

,

(CCR)13.
,
(DUNS),
.
,
, ,
DUNS . , ,
,
.

12. sba.gov

14. fpds.gov/fpdsng_cms

508
1973 . ,


, .

.

11. acquisition.gov

13. ccr.gov

15. esrs.gov

78

79

.


.

, -
.
-

transparency, the aim is to help cut public spending and to
.

reduce bureaucracy for smes.

1016, ,

.
,
, - .
,
17.
18 14,000
-,
-
.
,

, ,
-
,
.

140,000 .
-
,
. ,

,

.
,
,


,

. 25 %
,

.

700 19.
,
. ,

, , ,


.

16. number10.gov.uk/
problemwithprocurement

17. cabinetoffice.gov.uk/
news/government-openscontracts-small-business

18. contractsfinder.
businesslink.gov.uk

19. cabinetoffice.gov.uk/
news/government-openscontracts-small-business

80

-
1, ,
-
,

, .
1 ,
1997 .,
,
, . 2007.

-. 1
-
PEPPOL ( pxxx),
,
.
, 1,


(- -
-).

1 ,
PEPPOL PEPPOL
. ,
,
1
,
PEPPOL
,
.
,
, .

81

,
1
, .
,

(ERP)
.
PEPPOL and Open e-PRIOR,
,

, (),
(/ ),
ERP ,
.

-,

, .

1,
,

. ,
1 ,

,
.
1
,

.
1, -

, .

- -

100%
0%

-100%

1 ,

.


.

-500%

12

18

24

82

-

PEPPOL,
,

- 2012 .
,
, -
.
,

. ,

- . PEPPOL

,
.
PEPPOL (-
20) , 50 %

.

.
-

-
..

.
- ,
.

20. peppol.eu

,
,
, ,
. , PEPPOL

-.

,

.
50
. , ,
.
PEPPOL

. ,
PEPPOL
. ,


.

83

PEPPOL
: ,
;
(,
),

.
, PEPPOL
,
, ,
.
PEPPOL

.
PEPPOL ,
.
PEPPOL ,
, .
,
, .
,
.

,
.
, ,

.
, , ,


.
PEPPOL 2008, ,
2011 .
2012.
, .
PEPPOL
2012.

PEPPOL
PEPPOL -
(2010)

84

SKI:
-
-

32,500
32,500
ndering for suppliers
to the
public organisations

.
denmark. through external contractors, tenders can be

ublished
according
to eU regulations
and
suppliers can
approved

for project contracts or multi-year

framewor

greements.

.

85

.

, .

.

.

-,
. ,


.
.

55 % 45%
. 32
500 1200 850
. 2009.
2 .
, ,
,
. -

.

.
,
, 17 %21.

, ,
.
,
mercell.com ( ) udbudsvagten.dk
().
, ,

, .

,
.
,
,

.

,



-. ,
, .
www.ethics.dk ,
.

21. ski.dk/Aktuelt/presse/
Sider/

22. ski.dk/leverandoerer/
blivleverandor/Sider/default.
aspx

:
, .

. ,
.
40
20 . 20

.
40 , 3 ,
. -
,
. ,

,
. 2-4
gatetrade.
net.

86

87

,



,

,


.

,

.

.
,
.

,




. ,

,
-.

,

.

-

,

PEPPOL.

.
.
intrum.com/en/.

-, , - ..

88

-


,
.
, DEFRA,


- - ,
.
.

,
.
- ,
.
- ,

.


,
,
.
, ,
,
? ,
,
.

.
,
,
.

,


?

,
,
. ,
, .
Urbiotica Urban Lab
Living Labs Global
,
, 15
.
,
.

89

, a

.
E ,
, .
, .

,
.

.
, ,
. -

.
,
Lappset
Astando e-adept . -
,
.
.


- .
, -
.
,

.

,

.
,
- ,
, ,
, .
Juan Rada, Oracle ,
-


.
E ,
, .
,
.
,
.

,
.


,
.
,
, .
.
.

europroc

90

europroc

91

EUROPROC

EuroPROC INTERREG
IVC,
20072013.

INTERREG IVC


,
,
.
,
, .
euroPROC.eu
interreg4c.eu

,
16% 27- -
.
()
.
.

11 10


EuroPROC1 ,
.


a.
EuroPROC

. , euroProc
-
.

EuroPROC

.
,

.

EuroPROC

, ,
, , ,
, ,
.
-


.
1.

europroc.eu

notes

Page 92

notes

Page 93

notes

Page 94

notes

Page 95