Taif University

Collage of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department

Material Design Concrete Structures

Reports No (2)
characteristic strength of steel

Abdullah Sultan Alotaibi

43904190
 CONTENT
COVER PAGE 1
TABLE CONTENT PAGE 2
INTRODUCTION PAGE 2
CONTENT PAGE 2-4
CONCLUSION PAGE 4
REFRENCESSES PAGE 5

:INTRODUCTION

When iron, carbon, recycled steel, and small amounts of other

elements are combined, it becomes a steel. Steel is an iron-
carbon alloy containing less than 2% carbon, 1% manganese,
and small amounts of silicon, phosphorous, sulfur, and oxygen.
Steel is the world's most important engineering and
construction material. It is used in every aspect of our lives; In
cars, construction products, refrigerators, washing machines,
.cargo ships and surgical scalpels

CHARACTERISTIC STRENGTH OF STEEL

The strength of steel or the yield strength that is taken into
account for the design of structural elements is the defining
strength of steel. Reef is quite different from the characteristic
strength of concrete. It is based on steel production.

Depending on the type of reinforcing bars, the yield strength

varies. The difference can be expressed as mild steel; and r =
250 N/mm2
Tor steel f = 460 N/mm2
TMT rods and r = 500 N/mm2
There are other types of rods that have greater yield strength
than the value specified above as well. There are various
methods that can be used to evaluate the characteristic
strength of steel. Since each material has different stress and
strain properties, it is very difficult to find the stress of the crop.
The following methods can be distinguished as a commonly
used method for assessing the yield strength.
The true limit of elasticity
proportionality limit
elastic limit (yield strength)
speed mitigation area
Displacement Yield Point (Proof Stress) The displacement yield
.point is specified as 0.1% or 0.2% plastic stress
Upper and lower yield point
In addition to the above methods, there are other theoretically
developed methods for finding crop stress. This method
depends on the properties of the material. Thus, there are two
types known as isotropic yield criteria and anisotropic yield
criteria. The following methods are used to find the yield
.strength in isotropic materials
Maximum principal stress theory
Maximum major lineage theory
Maximum shear stress theory
Total stress energy theory
Maximum deformation energy theory (Von Mises return
criterion)
Mohr-Coulomb Yield Standard
Ducker-Prager Yield Standard
Bresler-Pister Yield Standard
Yield Standard William Warnick
Similarly, there are theoretical methods for evaluating the X-
yield in anisotropic materials. The following methods can be
.distinguished as follows

Hill . squared return criterion

Generalized Hill Yield Standard
The Hosford Yield Standard

CONCLUSION

This report helped me to know the composition of steel, its

distinctive strength and properties so that we can know the
correct use of it in civil engineering
 REFRENCESSES
 https://www.worldsteel.org/about-steel.html
 https://www.structuralguide.com/charateristic-strength-
of-steel/