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RESEARCH 1
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Hypothesis Formulation
Research 1 – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Hypothesis Formulation
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Lucila V. Batol

Editor: Eloisa T. San Juan, EdD
Reviewer: Eloisa T. San Juan, EdD
Illustrator: Elijah Daniel T. San Juan
Layout Artist: Eloisa T. San Juan, EdD
Cover Design: Emmanuel S. Gimena Jr.

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Schools Division Superintendent : Romeo M. Alip, PhD, CESO V
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent : Rolando M. Fronda, EdD, CESE
Chief Education Supervisor, CID : Milagros M. Peñaflor, PhD
Education Program Supervisor, LRMDS : Edgar E. Garcia, MITE
Education Program Supervisor, AP/ADM : Romeo M. Layug
Education Program Supervisor, Science : Edwin Riel Bermillo,EdD
District Supervisor, Assigned Subject : Ruel D. Lingad, EdD
District LRMDS Coordinator, Assigned Subject: Charito D. Corpus
School LRMDS Coordinator, Assigned Subject: Cathren Danica E. Ricaplaza
School Principal, Research 1 : Soledad V. Llarina
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Lead Illustrator, Research 1 : Elijah Daniel T. San Juan
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Office Address: Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan
Telefax: (047) 237-2102
E-mail Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph
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Research 1
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Hypothesis Formulation
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Research 1 – Grade 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Hypothesis Formulation!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Research 1 – Grade 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Hypothesis Formulation!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

In this module, you will learn about hypothesis and how it is formulated. You will
also learn about the characteristics of a good hypothesis which will guide you to
easily formulate a tentative solution to the identified research problem.

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. describe hypothesis;
2. identify the characteristics of a good hypothesis and its forms; and
3. formulate hypothesis;

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 What I Know

Encircle the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on your Research 1
activity notebook.

1. It serves as a tentative solution to a problem.

A. Conclusion C. Hypothesis
B. Experiment D. Objectives

2. A hypothesis is validated by conducting an actual _________________.

A. experimentation C. observation
B. investigation D. understanding

3. A_____ hypothesis must be based on a _____ research question.

A. bad, good C. good, good
B. bad, bad D. good, bad

4. A_____ hypothesis can be proven right or wrong depending upon the

outcome of the experiment.
A. specific C. simple
B. clear D. testable

5. The language used must not have double meaning, describes that the
hypothesis should be _________________.
A. testable C. specific
B. simple D. measurable

6. After identifying the research problem, a researcher proceeds to

_________________.
A. experimentation C. collecting data
B. formulating hypothesis D. formulating conclusion

7. The statement of the problem provides a basis for the formulation of

_________________.
A. objectives C. data
B. hypothesis D. conclusion

8. In scientific experiments, a hypothesis proposes and examines the

relationship between _________________.
A. data C. variables
B. observation D. questions

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 9. For a hypothesis to be considered a scientific hypothesis, it must be proven
through the _________________.
A. scientific method C. research method
B. deductive method D. methodology

For question10-15 refer to the following choices

A. Null hypothesis
B. Alternative hypothesis
C. Cause and effect hypothesis

10. It shows that there is a significant difference between the results of the
condition being tested.

11. A hypothesis of no difference;

12. A hypothesis which states that if a certain condition is true, then a

supporting observation occurs.

13. The number of lectures attended by Grade 9 students has no effect on their
final exam score. This is an example of;

14. Daily exercise and good nutrition lead to fewer doctor’s visit.

15. Grade 7 and Grade 8 students differ significantly on their level of

assertiveness.

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 Lesson
Hypothesis Formulation
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What’s In

In the previous module, you were able to learn ways of formulating a research
question as well as the important components of an appropriate research question.

To check your understanding on the important components of an appropriate

research question, you have to go over the following activity.

Profile of a Research Question

Task: Answer the questions given in the Profile of a Research

Question.
Basic Facts

1. What is a research question?

2. What are different features or characteristics of a good

research question?

3. What are the components of an appropriate research

question?

4. Cite at least five guidelines in the formulation of an

appropriate research question.

A. Write a short essay or article about the research problem.

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 What’s New

Direction. Circle the words from the word bank in the puzzle.
They maybe up, down, horizontal, vertical and diagonal. Write
your answers on your Research1 activity notebook.

 Hypothesis  Accepted
 Null  Educated guess
 Alternative  Rejected
 Problem  Testable
 Cause and effect  Clear
 Simple  Experiment
 Variables

A D R F T H S P E C I F I C

U L F Y G C I T N M G C Q A

E X P E R I M E N T A E P U
M G C Q O P P F C G L H S S

G V P R O B L E M B O Y C E

V R Z T P Q E W A E R P I A
A E T C Y U I T O P A O S N
R J D F L G S H J K L T Z D

I E A C C E P T E D X H C E

A C V B T N A M A V E E F F

B T C P L E Y R T G O S C F
L E G L C O W U A L P I T E

E D U C A T E G U E S S O C

S N A L T E R N A T I V E T

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 What is It

The Research Hypothesis

 After you have identified your research problem, you as

the researcher should proceed to formulate a hypothesis
 The hypothesis is an “educated guess” that serves as a
tentative solution or answer to the research problem. It is
an integral part of the scientific method that forms the basis
of a scientific experiment. It also proposes a relationship
between two or more variables (the independent and
dependent variables).
 A good hypothesis should be simple so that it is easily
understood. It has to be clear, specific and precise so that
the inference drawn could be considered reliable. It should also be capable
of being tested; that is it can be proven right or wrong. To be considered
testable, the following has to be met:
1. Prove that the hypothesis is true.
2. Prove that the hypothesis is false.
3. Results of the hypothesis is reproducible.
 You may consider the following procedure or steps when formulating a
hypothesis;
1. Read the literature and existing research
2. Identify the variables
3. Determine the relationship between variables
4. Determine how can they be measured
5. What are your theories
6. Formulate into hypothesis (phrase your hypothesis in 3 ways: null,
alternative or in the cause and effect form (if -then form)
 When formulating a hypothesis, the statement offers a clear introduction to
a scientific experiment, its intention and the possible outcomes. These are
some important things to consider when formulating a hypothesis;
1. Make sure that the hypothesis clearly defines the topic and focus
at the experiment.
2. Write the hypothesis as an if-then statement by following the
template: “If a specific is taken, then a certain outcome is expected.”
3. The hypothesis proposes the relationship between an independent
variable and a dependent variable. The independent variable is the factor that
you will change. This is the cause. The dependent variable is the factor that
will change in response to changing the independent variable. It will be
measured and this is the effect.

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 4. Create null and alternative hypothesis to indicate exactly what is
intended to be tested. In general;
 Null hypothesis (Ho) states that
there is no significant difference
between the results of variables
being tested. It is usually the
hypothesis the researcher will try to
disprove. It is the formal basis for
testing statistical significance. (Ho)
 Alternative hypothesis (Ha) states
that there is a significant difference
between the results of 2 variables
being tested. This is simply the
opposite of the null hypothesis (Ha).
 Cause and effect hypothesis
states that in a certain condition (cause) is true, then the
supporting observation (effect) occurs.

Examples:

Ho: There is no significant difference between the effects of animal

manure and urea on the growth of plants.

Ha: There is significant difference between the effects of animal

manure and urea on the growth of plants.

Cause and Effect: If there is a difference between the effects of animal

manure and urea, then the growth of plants will differ.

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 What’s More

Give what is asked for. Write your answers on your Research 1 activity
notebook.

1. If the null hypothesis states that; “Attitude of children is not

dependent on his /her birth order.”; alternative hypothesis states
that:
_____________________________________________________________.

2. State the cause and effect hypothesis of the problem: Does an

electric motor turn faster if you increase the current?

_____________________________________________________________.

3. If the alternative hypothesis states that; “The outdoor recreation

program affects the behavior of youth at risk.”; null hypothesis
states that:
_____________________________________________________________.

4. State the cause and effect hypothesis of the problem: Does the
temperature of water affect the time it takes a sugar cube to be
dissolved?
_____________________________________________________________.

5. If the null hypothesis states that;” Changing the intensity of light

does not affect the growth rate of plants.”; alternative hypothesis
states that:
_____________________________________________________________.

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 What I Have Learned

Copy and fill up the frames with the concepts that you
have learned in hypothesis on your Research 1 activity
notebook.

HYPOTHESIS FRAMES

My chosen word is hypothesis.

I know that I know ___________________________.

First, I know _________________________________.

In addition, I know ___________________________.

Finally, I know _______________________________.

Now you know, something I Know ____________.

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 What I Can Do

Hypothesis
Formulation

Formulate the hypothesis indicated in each of the following study. Write your
answers on your Research 1activity notebook.

1. BCNHS research students subjected the sweet potato noodles they formulated
to a sensory evaluation test. The acceptability of the taste of the experimental
and control noodles was evaluated by 30 panelists using a rating scale
Ho:
Ha:
2. Watching your grandmother bake breads, you learned that the dough of the
bread rises because yeast acts on the sugar and releases gas. You wander
whether the amount of sugar used will affect the size of the bread.
Ho:
Ha:
Cause and effect:
3. The helper noticed that when preparing instant coffee, he had difficulty
dissolving the granules in water which was not hot enough. The helper
wanders if increasing the hotness of the water will also increase its ability to
dissolve the granules.
Ho:
Ha
Cause and effect :
4. The ability of a particular kind of fertilizer to increase the yield of yellow corn
is under investigation. Four plots of yellow corn for experimentation are
prepared.
Ho:
Ha:
5. Ten rabbits were used in investigating the effect of Dila-Dila wound ointment.
Wounds from the hind legs of experimental and control rabbits were
examined.
Ho:
Ha:

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 Assessment

Identify what is being described in each item. Write your answers on your Research
1 activity notebook.
1. An educated prediction that provides an explanation for an observed event.
2. A hypothesis that says that there is no statistical significance between the two
variables.
3. It provides the basis for the formulation of a hypothesis.
4. A type of hypothesis which follows the if -then form.

5. It is known as the hypothesis of significance or inequality.

6. It is conducted to test the hypothesis.
7. A hypothesis which only shows a relationship between one independent
variable and one dependent variable
8. Proving your hypothesis as accepted or rejected using specific statistical tools
only shows that the hypothesis is _________.
9. A hypothesis which is formulated based on specific questions.

For numbers 10-15 identify whether the hypothesis is null, alternative or cause and
effect.
10. Children who play violent video games does not behave aggressively.
11. Increasing the temperature of water affects the time it takes a sugar cube to
dissolve.
12. If the number of hours spent by students playing video games is longer, then
their academic performance in school is affected.

13. School bullying affects the students’ academic performance.

14. If people are exposed to high levels of ultra violet light, then they are most
likely to have skin cancer.
15. Sleep deprivation shows no significant effect on work performance.

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 Additional Activities

Part A: Alternative or Null

Identify whether the hypothesis is null or alternative. Write Ho for null and
Ha for alternative. Write your answers on your Research 1 activity notebook.

1. The number of hours spent by students playing computer games affect their
academic performance in school.
2. Exposure to different temperature does not affect the germination of mango
seeds
3. High school sex education has no effect on teenage pregnancy rates.

4. Daily use of social media affects the attention span of those under 16 years of
age
5. School bullying does not affect the students’ academic performance.

Part B: Formulation of Hypothesis

Task: To formulate hypothesis based on the given problem.

Problem: To determine the effect of auxin, a plant hormone on the growth
of eggplants

Hypothesis:
A Null Hypothesis

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
B Alternative Hypothesis

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

C Cause and Effect Hypothesis

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

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s p e c i f i c
i a
e x p e r i m e n t e u
p l h s
p r o b l e m b y e
v r e a p a
a e c t o n
r j l s t d
i e a c c e p t e d h e What’s new
a c t a e f
b t l r s f
l e l i e
e d u c a t e d g u e s s c
s n a l t e r n a t i v e t
Post assessment
What I know
1. Hypothesis
2. Null hypothesis 1. C
3. Statement of the problem 2. A
4. Cause and effect 3. C
Additional
5. Alternative hypothesis 4. D
6. Experiment activity 5. B
7. simple 6. B
Part A
8. Testable 7. B
9. Specific 1. Ha 8. C
10. Null 2. Ho 9. A
11. Alternative 3. Ho 10. B
12. Cause and effect 4. Ha 11. A
13. Alternative 12. C
5. ho
14. Cause and effect 13. A
15. null 14. C
15. b
Answer Key
References
Albarico, J., and R. Avasar. 2010. Teaching Guide in Integrated Science. Batangas.
United Eferza Academic Publications, Co.

Caintic, H., and J. Cruz. 2008. Scientific Research Manual. Quezon City.
C and E Publishing Inc.

Chico, A., and M. Mathira. 2016. Practical Research For the 21st Century Learner.
Philippines Sainth Agustine Publicatins ,Inc.

How to write a hypothesis. 2019. https://www.scribbr.com

How to develop a good research hypothesis https://www.enago.com

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph

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