Example-1

Consider the layout of the area in Figure. Note that the peak demand per
lateral is found as 144 customers × 3.6 kVA/customer =518 kVA
Assume a lagging-load pf of 0.90 at all locations in all primary circuits.
Assume that uniformly distributed load along all laterals.
The maximum allowable primary voltage drop for this problem is limited
to 4.0%.
Assume overhead primaries with three-phase four-wire laterals, and that
the nominal voltage line to line is 4160 V primary system with copper
conductors. Consider only the longest primary circuit consisting of a 0.625
mi main and the two most remote laterals, like the laterals a and a′ of
Figure. Use ampacity-sized conductors but in no case smaller than AWG
#6. Determine the following:
a. The percent voltage drops at the ends of the laterals and the main.
b. If the 4% maximum voltage-drop criterion is exceeded, find a
reasonable combination of larger conductors for main and for lateral that
will meet the voltage-drop criterion.
c. Calculate the total voltage drop.
 0.625 mi
1.091 mi 1.091 mi
150
1.091 mi 1.091 mi
0.625 mi
(a). %VDlateral=0.5x l xKAWG#6xS=0.5x1.091x0.015x518=%4.24

KAWG#6= (R.pf+X.sin(ϴ)).(1/3).(1000) / Vph2

=[2.41x0.9+(0.628+0.1419)xSin(25.8)]x1/3x1000 / 24002
= %0.015

%VDmain = l x KAWG#4xS= 0.625x0.01x1036= %6.48

KAWG#4 = (R.pf+X.sin(ϴ)).(1/3).(1000) / V2
=[1.518x0.9+(0.599+0.1349)xSin(25.8)]x1/3x1000/24002
= %0.01

%VDtotal = %VDmain +%VDlateral= %10.72

It exceeds the maximum primary voltage-drop of 4.00%.

(b). to meet the maximum primary voltage-drop of 4.00%, from the
table select 4/0 and AWG #1 copper conductors with ampacities of
480A and 270A for the main and laterals, respectively.

%VDlateral=0.5xl xKAWG#1xS = 0.5x1.091x0.006x518 = %1.695

KAWG#1= (R.pf+X.sin(ϴ)).(1/3).(1000) / V2
=[0.766x0.9+(0.56+0.1274)xSin(25.8)]x1/3x1000 / 24002
= %0.006

%VDmain = lxKAWG#4/0xS = 0.625x0.003x1036 = %1.943

KAWG#4/0 = (R.pf+X.sin(ϴ)).(1/3).(1000) / V2
=[0.303x0.9+(0.497+0.1132)xSin(25.8)]x1/3x1000 / 24002
= %0.003

%VDtotal = %VDmain +%VDlateral= %3.638

which meets the maximum primary voltage-drop of 4.00% 