MULTIPURPOSE AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT

Maniranjan Kumar Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, ARKA Jain University,
Gamharia, Jharkhand
Rakesh Kumar Rajak Research scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of
Technology Jamshedpur

Abstract:

This article addresses betterment in agricultural processes. Multipurpose seed sowing machine
consist of two mechanisms one for sowing of the seed and another for fertilizer spraying. Both of
these mechanisms run simultaneously. We can use insecticide instead of fertilizer. The essential
objective of sowing operation is to put the seed and fertilizer in desired depth and provide
required spacing between the seeds and cover the seeds with soil. We can achieve optimum yield
by proper compaction over the seed and recommended row spacing. To meet the demands,
farmer have to use new techniques in cropping to increase the yield. The requirements of small-
scale sowing machines are, they should be simple in design, affordable for small scale peasant
farmers, easy maintenance for effective handling by unskilled farmers. In this project the attempt
has been made for reduction in cost of machine and developing the multifunctional sowing
machine which can perform simultaneous operations.

KEYWORDS: seed, sowing, spraying, equipment, soil

Introduction

Indian economy is based on agriculture. Development in agriculture leads to raise economic

status of country. In India farmers are facing problems due to unavailability of labors, traditional
way of farming using non efficient farming equipment’s which takes lot of time and also
increases labor cost. This project is all about enhancement in seed sowing and pesticide spraying
like farming operations by using multifunctional seed sowing machine. The main objective of
sowing operation is to place seed at proper position respective of other placed seeds in every row
at particular depth and provide a cover of soil on it. As per change in shape and size of different
seeds the parameters like distance between two seed, depth of seed, planting rate chances. This
project is attempt to produce multifunctional and highly efficient seed sowing machine which
will reduce time of plantation, cost of labor, and enhances production. Traditional method of
seed sowing based on assumptions of seed to seed spacing and depth of placement which is not
at all efficient and beside this it requires lot of time and efforts too. Sometime it results in back
ache of farmers. As per change in climate farmers are facing one more problem which occurs
due to harmful insects and pest. Farmers have to stay alert for fighting to this problem by using
different pesticides. pesticides spraying is one of the common operations in agriculture field
which requires lots of efforts to carry the pump in farm. it results in shoulder pain so badly.
These machines contain pesticide spraying too which make it multifunctional. This project
addresses improvement in agriculture processes like sowing of seeds on ploughed land and
distribution of fertilizer combine by using mechanisms. Primarily this system works manually,
but with lesser input energy requirement.

Methodology

First we fill the hopper with seeds manually. System that will make uses the manual push force
for run mechanism. Rotary motion of wheels provided to the sowing shaft (which will placed in
seed storage tank) by sprocket or belt drive. With controlled distance interval, seed get sowed in
land vie pipe and digging arrangement and seed is covered with soil. Sprayer mechanism again
uses rotary motion of wheels to convert it into reciprocating motion by slider crank chain
mechanism. Fertilizer distribution is done by mixing it with water and spraying it.
Here we convert rotary motion in to reciprocating using crank and connecting rod mechanism.
The rotation of wheel is reducing by chain drive because we need more torque to operate pump
to pressurize pesticide tank. So we use small sprocket on wheel shaft and big sprocket on crank
shaft. The reciprocating motion of connecting rod is given to reciprocating pump. The pump
sucks air from atmosphere and fills it in tank by non-return valve mechanism. The pressure
inside tank pushes liquid out through nozzle.

Manufacturing

The process of conversion of raw material in to finished products using the three resources as
Man, machine and finished sub-components.
Manufacturing is the term by which we transform resource inputs to create Useful goods and
services as outputs. Manufacturing can also be said as an intentional act of producing something
useful. The Transformation process is
Shown below-

Input conventional process out put

Element Transformation Useful product

Material Machines Products
Data Interpretation Knowledge
Energy Skill Services
Variable cost Fixed cost Revenue

It’s the phase after the design. Hence referring to the those values we will plan
The various processes using the following machines:-
 i) Universal lathe
ii) Milling machine
iii) Grinding machine
iv) Power saw
v) Drill machine
vi) Electric arc welding machine

 Manufacturing Process:
The following are the various manufacturing process used in mechanical engineering.

1) Primary Shaping Process:

The process used for the preliminary shaping of the machine component is known as primary
shaping process.

2) Machine Process:
The process used for giving final shape to the machine component, according to planned
dimensions is known as machining process. The common operation drilling, boring etc.

3) Surface Finishing Process:

The process used to provide a good shape surface finish for the machine components are known
as surface finishing processes. The common operations used for the process are polishing,
buffing, lapping etc.

4) Joining Process:
The process used for joining machine components is known as joining process. The common
operations used for this process are soldering, brazing, welding etc.

5) Process Affecting Change In Properties:

These are intended to import specific properties to material e.g. heat treatment, hot working, cold
rolling etc.
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
SOLID MODELING

3.3 CAD MODELS-The entire model designed with the help of designing software solid works.

Fig.1. Chassis Fig.2. Side lever Fig.3. Chassis

attachment

Fig.4. Hopper Fig.5. Disc

Fig.6. Hand lever Fig.7. Tank

Fig.8. Assembly (AUXILLARY VIEWS)

 Fig.9. Sectional view
FABRICATION

MACHINING OF PARTS

GENERAL WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY:

The components of project models have been machined to the required dimensions on the center
lathe machine.
The raw material stocks are either cut to size on power hacksaw machine or by hand hack saw on
the worktable.
The drilling of notes have been carried out on pillar drill machine prior to scribing the center
lines & cross lines & marking out the inch marks at the drill centers.

1) Hack Saw Cutting:-

The speed is 350RPM & the feed is automatic, maintain a cutting margin of about 3 to 5 mm.
Extra for large sections & 1 to 2 mm extra for light sections. This is an Auto operation.
2) Lathe Machine:-
a) Facing & turning speed- 650 to 850 rpm.
b) Boring, Reaming, Thread - 70 rpm.
a) Lapping, Honing & Polishing Speed – 1000 rpm.

3) Threading :-
4) Drilling of Holes :-
5) Reaming of Holes :-
6) Heat Treatment of Alloy Steel :
7) Grinding :
8) Lapping:-
9) Polishing :-
10) Lubricants :-
11) Measuring Instruments :
During Machining operations the dimensions are measured accurately by using: - Hand
Vernier, Micrometers, Merrier Depth Gauges, and Thread Gauges. Radius Gauges, Go/No-
Go Plug Gauges, Snap Gauges, Inside & Outside Calipers.
12) Fabrication: -
Various steel sections are aluminum sections are employed in the fabrication work such as
angles, clits, gussets, fillets flats & the round bars. These sections are cut to required size
marked for drilled holes & then fastened together with the help of rivets & bolts, Nuts & Screws.

ADVANTAGES OF MACHINE
Following are the advantages of manual seed planter machine are
1. Improvement in planting efficiency.
2. Increase in crop yield and cropping reliability.
3. Seed can be placed uniformly in a row with required distance between plants.
4. It was made of durable and cheap material affordable for the small scale peasant farmers.
5. Lesser maintenance cost.
6. The seed can be placed at any required depth.
7. Requirement of labor also decreased.
8. Provide proper compaction over the seed.
9. Does not require any External Source of Energy.
10. Uniform Spraying.

DISADVANTAGES OF MACHINE
1. Suitable for small Farms Only.
2. Difficult to operate in moist condition.
3. Seed Sowing for Cotton is Difficult.

CONCLUSIONS
The main problem being faced by the farmer was to carry the entire load of the pests on his
shoulder and this problem can be very efficiently solved by the adoption of this method. With
Improvement in planting efficiency, increase in crop yield and cropping reliability, Uniform
Spraying of pesticide and fertilizer. Using this machine improvement in agriculture processes
like sowing of seeds on ploughed land and distribution of fertilizer combine by using
mechanisms is possible.

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