TOPIC 1:

MEANINGS OF CURRICULUM
ARAO, ERIC
ARESTA, CEDRICK JAMES
CABATUANDO, JEREMIE
CALUMAG, MARISSA
FELICIANO, JYKA JOY
FRANCIA KHIER
LUNGAN JAY VEE
MANZANO, KATE ANGELINE
SOLITO, DESIRHEY
 Referred to as the intended learning
outcomes of a lesson or the lesson itself. It

also implies the chapters and academic

CURRICULUM content taught in school or college alluding to

the knowledge, skills, and competencies that

students should learn during study.

ETYMOLOGY OF
The word curriculum began as a Latin verb,

CURRICULUM "currere" meaning "to run/to proceed".

 ETYMOLOGY OF CURRICULUM

1576 1582 1633

University of Paris Professor Petrus

The term was used in the record The University of Glasglow

Ramus first used in an educational

of the University of Leiden. referred to its course or study

context the word curriculum in

as curriculum and finally made

Professio Regia (italized). His work

known the use of the term in

was later published in 1576 thus

English.
making the term being first known in

the same year.

19TH CENTURY 1824

European universities used the term

The word was defined as course

as their complete course of study like

especially a fixed course of study at a

a degree in Education and particular

college, university or school.
courses and their contents.

 MERRIAM-WEBSTER
CAMBRIDGE BRITANNICA
DICTIONARY DICTIONARY ENCYCLOPEDIA

refers to curriculum as the courses.

the courses offered by an educational

simply refers to curriculum as a

Further, it says that curriculum are

institution and also, a set of courses

course of study or a school subject.
the subjects studied in a school,

constituting an area of specialization.

college, and etc.

 Let us look into what experts say about what

curriculum means from the notes of

DR. ROBERT SWEETLAND AND FROM PAWILEN

(2019)
 David G. Armstrong (1989)
“Curriculum is a master plan for

selecting content and

organizing learning experiences..."

George Beauchamp (1968)

Curriculum Theory stresses the importance of

developing subordinate constructs, or theoretical

relationships, with other components of education, until

ground rules are laid down through meanings ascribed

to the term “curriculum”.

Decker Walker (1990): Hilda Taba (1962)

“A curriculum consists of those matter: A. that

Bell (1971) “All curricula, no matter what their particular

design, are composed of certain elements. A

teachers and students attend together, B. that

“Curriculum is the offering of socially

curriculum usually contains a statement of aims

students, teachers, and others concerned

generally recognize as important to study and
valued knowledge, skills, and attitudes..." and of specific objectives; it indicates some

selection and organization of content; it either

learn, as indicated particularly by using them as a

implies or manifests certain patterns of learning

basis for judging the success of both school and

Bobbit (1918) and teaching, whether because the objectives

scholar, C. the manner in which these matters

demand them or because the content

are organized in relationship to one another, in

“Curriculum is that series of

organization requires
relationship to the other elements in the

things which children and youth

them. Finally, it includes a program of evaluation

immediate educational situation and in time

and space."
must do and experience..." of the outcomes."
 Robert Hutchins (1936)
Goodman (1963) Caswell and Campbell (1935) “Curriculum should consist of permanent studies-

rules of grammar, reading, rhetoric and logic, and

“Curriculum is a set of abstractions from

“Curriculum is composed of all of the

mathematics (for the elementary and secondary

actual industries, arts, professions, and

experiences children have under the

school), and the greatest books of the western world

civic activities..." guidance of the teacher.” (beginning at the secondary level of schooling)."

Daniel Tanner and Laurel N.

Peter F. Oliva (1989)
John Dewey (2006) Tanner (1988)
“Curriculum is the program, a plan, content, and

learning experiences.”
“Curriculum is a continuous reconstruction..." “Curriculum is that reconstruction of

knowledge and experience..."

Ronald C. Doll (1988) Ralph Tyler (1957)

B. Othanel Smith (1957):
“Curriculum is all of the learning of students

“Curriculum is a sequence of potential experiences..." “Curriculum is the formal and informal

which is planned by and directed by the school

content..."

to attain its educational goals.”

Schubert (1987):
J. Galen Saylor, William M. Eisner (1985)

Alexander, and Arthur J. Lewis “Curriculum is categorized into five distinct areas: “Curriculum includes the contents of a subject,

(1974) academic rationalism, development of the cognitive

concepts and tasks to be acquired, planned

processes, personal relevance, social adaptation and

activities, the desired learning outcomes and

“Curriculum is a plan for providing sets

social reconstruction and curriculum as technology." experiences, product of culture and an agenda

of learning opportunities..."
to reform society."

 Pawilen (2019) summarized the definition of

curriculum based on several books

and writers of and on curriculum. Accordingly,

curriculum is:

1 2 3

The traditional subjects such as

A content or a subject referring to
A discipline for is founded on

Mathematics, Language, Music,

the topic or series of topics in a
certain principles, theories and

Science and more; subject; practices;

 4. 5. 6.

The learning experiences which

The planned learning experiences

The intended learning outcomes

include the curricular and co-

which are either descriptive or
specifically the competencies that

curricular activities of the learners

prescriptive such as the documents

the learners
and the values they learn inside or
specifying what should be taught

demonstrate after a lesson or any

outside the school and which they

and learned in a particular discipline

learning experience.
experience with their peers,
or in a school and how are these are

schoolmates, teachers, school heads

to be taught or learned.
and their staff;
ACTIVITY 1: THINK, PAIR

AND SHARE
1. Get a pair from your classmates to perform the tasks that follow;
2. Recall the notes presented to you on the meanings of curriculum considering its origin, its denotations and its

interpretations from education and curriculum experts;

3. Discuss your understanding of what curriculum means based on the
information presented to you as well as other information you have read and heard on the meaning of curriculum.

With your pair, be able to:

group the related meanings together and identify the common ideas,
get the salient points of all that you have been provided on the meaning of curriculum and present it in outline

format, and
guided by the grouped and related meanings and using the salient points, write a comprehensive definition of

curriculum.
4. Using your class Messenger Group Chat (GC), share your outputs – grouped
definitions with related ideas, salient points of the different definitions and your comprehensive definition and be able
to discuss with your classmates the comparison and contrast of your outputs; and
5. Only the pair outputs will be submitted to your teacher as your portfolio entry no. 1 either in hard or e-copy.
THANK YOU!