Prepared By

ENGR. YOSHIAKI C. MIKAMI, BSCE MSCE-STE RMP

 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Beams
- the members of rigid frames and beams may be subjected to
shear forces and bending moments as well as axial forces
under the action of external loads
- There are three types of stress resultants (axial forces, shear
forces, and bending moments) that may act on the cross
sections of the beams and the members of plane frames.

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 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Axial force, shear and bending moment
- The internal force Q in the direction
of the centroidal axis of the beam
is called the axial force.
- The internal force S in the direction
perpendicular to the centroidal axis
is referred to as the shear force.
- The moment M of the internal
couple is termed the bending
moment.

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 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Axial force, shear and bending moment
- The internal axial force Q at any section of a beam is equal in
magnitude but opposite in direction to the algebraic sum
(resultant) of the components in the direction parallel to the
axis of the beam of all the external loads and support reactions
acting on either side of the section under consideration.
- The shear S at any section of a beam is equal in magnitude
but opposite in direction to the algebraic sum (resultant) of the
components in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the
beam of all the external loads and support reactions acting on
either side of the section under consideration.
- The bending moment M at any section of a beam is equal in
magnitude but opposite in direction to the algebraic sum of
the moments about (the centroid of the cross section of the
beam at) the section under consideration of all the external
loads and support reactions acting on either side of the section

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 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Sign convention
- An important feature of sign convention, which is often
referred to as the beam convention, is that it yields the same
(positive or negative) results regardless of which side of the
section is considered for computing the internal forces.

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 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Shear and bending moment diagrams
- Shear and bending moment diagrams depict the variations of
these quantities along the length of the member. Such
diagrams can be constructed by using the method of sections.
Proceeding from one end of the member to the other (usually
from left to right), sections are passed, after each successive
change in loading, along the length of the member to
determine the equations expressing the shear and bending
moment in terms of the distance of the section from a fixed
origin.
- The values of shear and bending moments
determined from these equations are then plotted as ordinates
against the position with respect to a member end as abscissa
to obtain the shear and bending moment diagrams.

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 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Qualitative deflected shapes
- A qualitative deflected shape (elastic curve) of a structure is
simply a rough (usually exaggerated) sketch of the neutral
surface of the structure, in the deformed position, under the
action of a given loading condition.
- Such sketches, which can be constructed without any
knowledge of the numerical values of deflections, provide
valuable insights into the behavior of structures and are often
useful in computing the numerical values of deflections.

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 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Qualitative deflected shapes

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 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Relationship between loads, shears and bending moments
- The construction of shear and bending moment diagrams
can be considerably expedited by using the basic differential
relationships that exist between the loads, the shears, and the
bending moments.

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 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Relationship between loads, shears and bending moments
Arbitrary loading:
Slope of shear diagram at a point =
Intensity of distributed load at that point

Change in shear in between points A & B =

Area under the distributed load diagram between points A & B

Slope of bending moment diagram at a point =

Shear at that point

Change in bending moment between points A & B =

Area under the shear diagram between points A & B

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 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Relationship between loads, shears and bending moments
Concentrated loads:
Change in shear at the point of application of concentrated
load = magnitude of the load

Couples or concentrated moments:

Change in bending moment at the point of application of a
couple = magnitude of the moment of the couple

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 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Example 1
Draw the shear and moment diagram for the beam below

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 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Example 1
Ʃ𝑀𝐵 = 0
50𝑘𝑁 3𝑚 = 30𝑘𝑁 1𝑚 + 𝑅𝐷 5𝑚
𝑅𝐷 = 24 𝑘𝑁

Ʃ𝐹𝑉 = 0
𝑅𝐵 + 24𝑘𝑁 = 30𝑘𝑁 + 50𝑘𝑁
𝑅𝐷 = 56 𝑘𝑁

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 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Example 1

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 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Example 1

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 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Example 2
Draw the shear and moment diagram for the beam below

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 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Example 2
Ʃ𝑀𝐴 = 0
20𝑘𝑁 3𝑚 = 48𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 + 𝑅𝐷 12𝑚
𝑅𝐷 = 1 𝑘𝑁

Ʃ𝐹𝑉 = 0
𝑅𝐴 + 1𝑘𝑁 = 20𝑘𝑁
𝑅𝐴 = 19 𝑘𝑁

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 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Example 2

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 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Example 2

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 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Example 3
Draw the shear and moment diagram for the beam below

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 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Example 3
Ʃ𝑀𝐴 = 0
𝑘𝑁
30 2𝑚 4𝑚 = 𝑅𝐷 (6𝑚)
𝑚
𝑅𝐷 = 40 𝑘𝑁

Ʃ𝐹𝑉 = 0
𝑘𝑁
𝑅𝐴 + 40𝑘𝑁 = 30 (2𝑚)
𝑚
𝑅𝐴 = 20 𝑘𝑁

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 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Example 3

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 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Example 3

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 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Example 4
Draw the shear and moment diagram for the beam below

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 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Example 4
Ʃ𝑀𝐷
𝑘𝑁
𝑀𝐷 + 40𝑘𝑁 2𝑚 = 20 (3𝑚)(5.5𝑚)
𝑚
𝑀𝐷 = 250 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚

Ʃ𝐹𝑉 = 0
𝑘𝑁
𝑅𝐷 + 40𝑘𝑁 = 20 (3𝑚)
𝑚
𝑅𝐴 = 20 𝑘𝑁

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 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Example 4

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 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Example 4

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 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Workout
Draw the shear and moment diagram for the beam below

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 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Workout
Draw the shear and moment diagram for the beam shown
below

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 ANALYSIS OF BEAMS
Workout
Draw the shear and moment diagram for the beam shown
below

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