C.
Planning community health intervention
Planning
 Is a logical process of decision making to determine
which of the identified health concerns
requires more immediate consideration
 step begins after the care plan has been made and
is recognized as the step where the nurse performs
the interventions to achieve goals.
1. Priority setting is the process of assigning rank
orders
a. Individual disease and or intervention
approaches
b. Based on their relative contribution to quality of
life, and cost effectiveness of interventions
5 steps on establishing priority:
a. Significance of the problem
 if the concern is a disease condition, this maybe
estimated in terms of its prevalence rate (the
proportion of a population who have a specific
characteristic in a given time period).
 if the concern is a potential problem its significance
is determined by estimating the number of people
at risk of developing the condition
b. Community awareness
 when people are aware of the risk arising from a
condition penetrating in the community that will
allow them to deal with the condition present,
they are likely to have the motivation to deal with
the condition and give it priority
c. Ability to reduce risk
 is related to the availability of expertise among
the health team and the community itself
d. Cost of reducing risk
 the nurse has to consider economic, social and
ethical requisites and consequences of planned
actions
e. Ability to identify the target population
 is a matter of availability of data sources such as
survey reports, case finding
f. Availability of resources
. accesibility of outside resoureces and the
link to those resources are taken into account
WHO special consideration:
The WHO's strategic priorities through 2023 and serve
as “the strategic basis for resource mobilization.”
These strategic priorities include:
a. Prevent, detect, and respond to epidemics,
b. Provide health services in emergencies
c. Strengthen health systems
2. Formulate goals and objectives
Goal setting provides a path for you to make goals
achievable following the five elements.
 These five elements is known as the “SMART goal”
framework.
 The SMART method provides a way to measure
your progress and be accountable for your success.
1. Setting personal goals
 Setting goals for your personal life will help you
reach personal achievements.
 Setting personal goals can help you achieve success
in your career as well.
 Spending time improving on things you want in your
personal life can also help you be more focused and
energetic at work by paying attention to your work-
life balance.
2. Setting professional goals
 Setting SMART goals allow you to realistically
evaluate what you are trying to achieve by assessing
what actions to take to reach your goal.
 Setting professional goals can help you both
complete certain tasks and achieve any personal
career goals you might have.
Guide for setting up SMART goals
1.Make your goal as clear and detailed or specific as
possible
For example:
instead of “I want to be better at public
speaking,” you can say, “I want to successfully give a
10–
15- minute presentation to an audience of 50 or
more people.”
2.Define how you will measure success
For example:
if you want to switch from a job in sales to a job in
marketing, you might set milestones along the
way that address how to develop the skill
3.Check whether your goals are achievable
 Setting goals, you can accomplish within a
reasonable timeframe will help keep you
motivated and focused. You should work to
understand the full scope of your goal ahead of
time to ensure it is possible to accomplish.
For example, if you are a newly registered
nurse and your goal is to become a
professional nurse
You might need to set smaller, short-term
goals before reaching this larger goal.
If you find that a goal is not achievable
because you don’t have enough experience,
one of your new goals should be to gain more
experience.
4.Make sure your goal is relevant
 Each goal you set should be relevant and
meaningful to you, moving you closer toward
where you want to be.
  To make sure you are setting relevant goals, you
might ask yourself, "how will achieving this goal
help me?"
 "Does accomplishing this goal contribute toward
my larger, long-term goals? Why does this goal
matter to me?"
5. It should be time bounded
 Setting a timetable to achieve your goal can
both help keep you motivated and on-schedule.
 Before setting a goal end-date, be sure to
research all the milestones and possible
roadblocks you might run into along the way.
For example, if your goal is to get promoted to
the next level at your company, you might give
yourself six months.
 If you haven’t achieved your goal, you might
give yourself extended time or reconsider
whether your goal is achievable and realistic.
Short-term goals/long term goals
Short term
 are more immediate goals you set for yourself
to achieve your larger, long- term goals.
 Short-term goals usually exist in a short
timeframe, anywhere from days or months to
one or two years.
Long term
 are usually large goals you want to achieve over
several years.
 You will use several milestones to achieve long-
term goals, setting short-term goals to achieve
along the way.
3. Deciding on community intervention/action plan
 An action plan consists of a number of action
steps or changes to be brought about in your
community.
Each action step or change to be sought should include
the following information:
What actions or changes will occur
Who will carry out these changes
By when they will take place, and for how long
What resources (i.e., money, staff) are needed to
carry out these changes
Communication (who should know what?)
D. Developing an action plan
 There is a motto that says, "People don't plan to
fail. Instead, they fail to plan."
 Because certainly nobody wants to fail, it makes
sense to take all of the steps necessary to
ensure success, including developing an action
plan.
 Ideally, an action plan should be developed
within the first six months to one year of the
start of an organization and its project.
 It is developed after the vision, mission,
objectives, and strategies of your group has
determined.
The action plan should meet several criteria.
Is the action plan….
Complete? Does it list all the action steps or
changes to be sought in all relevant parts of the
community (e.g., schools, business,
government, faith community)
Clear? Is it apparent who will do what by when?
Current? Does the action plan reflect the current
work?
Does it anticipate newly emerging opportunities
and barriers?
E. Implementing community health
intervention
 This step begins after the care plan has been
made and is recognized as the step where the
nurse performs the interventions to achieve
goals
 How a program is implemented shapes how it is
received by the individuals, stakeholders, and
partners within the community
1. Importance of partnership and collaboration
 Collaboration improves the way your
team works together for one common
goal.
 Collaborative partnerships can help
improve integration and quality in local
healthcare systems in the community
 Its aim is to change the environment in
which behaviors and factors that are
related to health occur.
2. Activities involved in collaboration and
advocacy
Collaborating on shared documents.
Working on tasks and projects.
Discussing work challenges on team
communication channels.
Video calls and meetings.
Brainstorming with whiteboards.
Using the right tools to collaborate can
make all the difference.
3. Community organizing and social mobilization
 It is a process through which action is stimulated
by a community itself, or by others, that is planned,
carried out, and evaluated by a community's
individuals, groups, and organizations on a
participatory and sustained basis to improve and to
enhance the level of activities
4. Core principles in community organizing
 Our most enduring finding is that communities are
never perfect, but they count. their citizenry is key
to improving everything from education and
 economic development to health care and race F. Monitoring and evaluating community
relations.
1. Careful planning and Preparation.
health programs implemented
2. Inclusion and Demographic Diversity.
 Monitoring and evaluation form the basis for
3. Collaboration and Shared Purpose.
modification of interventions and assessing the
4. Openness and Learning.
quality of activities being conducted
5. Transparency and Trust.
 Monitoring and evaluation are the techniques
6. Impact and Action.
7. Sustained Engagement and Participatory we use to find out how well our health Program
is achieving what it set out to do.
Culture.
 These techniques are one way to measure
5. Goals of community organizing success, but other measures of success may be
Community organizing is a process that just as important
involves three primary goals
1. Designing and evaluation plan
 education and training.
 organization building and
Purpose of designing and evaluation plan
 mobilization.
 It guides you through each step of the process of
evaluation
6. Community organizing participatory action
research  It helps you decide what sort of information you
and your stakeholders really need
 is a vital part of public health nursing.
 It keeps you from wasting time gathering
 maximizes community participation and
information that isn't needed
involvement; community resources are
mobilized for community services  It helps you identify the best possible methods
and strategies for getting the needed
7. Proper excreta disposal information
 provide safe disposal to stop it from polluting  It helps you come up with a reasonable and
realistic timeline for evaluation
the environment.
 Most importantly, it will help you improve your
 Excreta disposal is undoubtedly one of the key
elements of any emergency sanitation initiative
programme.
A. Monitoring
 Containment and safe disposal of human excreta
is the primary barrier to transmission of excreta-
 refers to service users assessing the
related disease.
effectiveness, quality, accessibility and impact
of health programs and services which they
8. Food safety sanitation
receive.
 Safety is overall quality of food fit for
consumption.  is a form of public oversight, ideally driven by
local information needs and community values,
 Sanitation is a health of being clean and
to increase the accountability and quality of
conducive to health.
social services such as health
 Cleanliness is the absence of visible soil or dirt
and is not necessarily sanitize
b. Evaluation
 Food safety and hygiene is of utmost importance
for businesses, as it helps to protect the health
 is a thorough analysis of all the information
of consumers from foodborne illnesses and food
collected and can assist in assessing how
poisoning.
effectively the program or service is meeting its
goals.
9. Vermin and vector control-built environment
 is part of the process of being involved in
 These are strategies designed to achieve the
community development projects and provides
greatest disease control benefit in the most cost-
valuable and necessary insights for all involved.
effective manner, while minimizing negative
impacts on ecosystems and adverse side-effects
2. Types of evaluation
on public health from the excessive use of
 Within these categories, there are different
chemicals in vector control.
types of evaluation.
 Which of these evaluations is most appropriate
 Rather than relying on a single method of vector
depends on the stage of your program:
control. It stresses the importance of first
understanding the local vector ecology and local
1.Formative evaluation:
patterns of disease transmission, and then
 These are conducted during program
choosing the appropriate vector control tools,
from the range of options available. development and implementation on how to
best achieve the goals for improvement of the
program.
 It is concern with judgment made during the G. Documentation and reporting
design or development of program, which is
directed towards modifying, forming or
1. Documentation
otherwise improving the program before it is
 material that provides official
completed.
information or evidence or that serves
2. Summative evaluation:
as a record.
 This refers to the evaluation that determines
 It provides an official and complete
the worth of a course at the end of the course
relevant information or evidence that
implementation.
serves as a record of client information
 It describes as to what extent the program is
and care.
achieving its goals and it should be completed
once the programs are well established
2. Report
 This is the process of gathering data from users
 is a document that presents
following a full-scale implementation of a
information in an organized format for
program or project.
a specific audience and purpose.
 Complete reports are almost always in
3. Steps of program evaluation
the form of written documents. 
 Program evaluation results are only valuable if
 Reporting takes place when two or
they are used. 
more people share information about
 The goal of program evaluation is to inform the
client care, either face to face or by
program development process. 
telephone.
 Program evaluation planning is critical an
evaluation is efficient and effective in
Family health records
measuring the key variables that will provides
 A family health record is a document of
the information needed to describe
health information about a family It
actual program delivery methods, audience
contains complete information from
reached and outcomes. 
three generations of relatives, including
 All rigorous evaluations should be able
children, brothers and sisters, parents,
to identify areas for program enhancement
aunts and uncles, nieces and nephews,
and improvement. 
grandparents, and cousins.

Community profile
Steps of program evaluation
 is 'a comprehensive description which
defines the needs of a population as a
Step 1: Engage stakeholders
community, and the resources and
What kind of data is the most valuable to
development that exist and the
stakeholders?
involvement of the people in certain
How can stakeholders assist with the
programs and activities in their
program evaluation?
community.
Step 2: Focus.
 It describes a combined picture of the
Describe program - use the logic model
population in the community. It may
Define purpose
include such features as:
Determine use/users
social/community needs and access to
Determine key questions
services (e.g. health, education, water
Select indicators
supply) and other data.
Determine design
Step 3: Collect data.
Identify sources
Select method(s)
Pilot test
Set schedule
Step 4: Analyze and interpret.
Process data
Analyze
Interpret data
What did you learn?
What are the limitations?
Step 5: Use.
Share findings and lessons learned
Use in decision-making
Determine next steps