EXERCISES

Name: ________________________________________________________________________ Section:_______

I. Modified Multiple Choices: Write the letter of your choice on the space provided. Then explain or show the solution
that justifies your answer. Each item is worth 2 points; correct answers but without solution will gain only 1 point.

___C__1. A body of mass 1 kg initially at rest, explodes and breaks into three fragments of masses in the ratio 1 : 1 : 3.
The two pieces of equal mass fly off perpendicular to each other, with a speed of 30 m/s each. What is the velocity of the
heavier fragment?
a) 10 m/s b) 20 m/s c) 10√2 m/s
d) 20 √2 m/s e) 30 √2 m/s

Total mass of the body  M=1 kg

mass of first fragment  m1=51×1=0.2 kg
Mass of second fragment  m2=51×1=0.2 kg
Mass of third fragment  m3=53×1=0.6 kg

Velocity of masses m1 and m2,  v=30 m/s

Momentum of first fragment  p1=m1v=0.2×30=6 kg m/s
Similarly,  p2=m2v=0.2×30=6 kg m/s
Third fragment will fly in a direction opposite to the direction of resultant of p1 and p2 so that total momentum of the
system after explosion remains zero.
Momentum of the third fragment  p3=p12+p22
∴  p3=62+62=62 kg m/s
Thus speed of third fragment  v3=m3p3=0.662=102 m/s
⟹ x=2

__D___2. A balls moving with a momentum of 5kg·m/s strikes against on wall at an angle of 45 degree and it is reflected
at the same angle. Calculate the change in momentum.
a) 5.5kg·m/s b) 6.07kg·m/s c) 1.02 kg·m/s
d) 7.07kg·m/s e) 8.10 kg·m/s

Initial
X : 5cos 45 = 5/√2
Y : 5 sin 45 = 5/√2
Final
X -5cos45 = -5/√2
Y 5sin45 = 5/√2

X: 5/√2 - 5/√2 = 0
Y: 5/√2+5/√2 = 10/√2 = 5√2 = 7.07

__C___3. If a body moves in such a way that its linear momentum is constant, then
a) its kinetic energy is zero. b) its center of mass remains at rest.
c) the sum of all the forces acting on it must be zero. d) the sum of all the forces acting on the body is
e) its acceleration is greater than zero and is constant and nonzero.
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Momentum is directly proportional to the object’s mass and also its velocity. Thus the greater an object’s mass or the
greater its velocity, the greater its momentum. 

__A___4. A shell is fired from a cannon with a velocity v at an angle θ with the horizontal direction. At the highest point
in its path it explodes into two pieces of equal mass. One of the pieces retraces its path to the cannon and the speed of the
other piece immediately after the explosion is _______.
a) 3v cosθ b) 2v cosθ c) (3/2)v cosθ
d) [(√3)/2]v cosθ e) [√(3/2)]v cosθ

By the principal of conservation of momentum,

mVcosθ=−2mVcosθ+2mV′

i.e. (1+21)mVcosθ=2mV′

i.e. V′=3Vcosθ

__C___5. A particle of mass m moving towards the east with speed v collides with another particle of the same mass with
same speed v moving towards the north .If two particles stick to each other, the new particle of mass 2 m will have a speed
of _______.
a) v b) v/2 c) v/√2
d) 2v e) 2/v

From conservation of momentum

Initial momentum = final momentum
m×vi^+m×vj^=(m+m)V
V=2vi^+2vj
∣∣∣∣V∣∣∣∣=(2v)2+(2v)2=2v
Hence, final velocity id 2v

___D__6. A 40-kg girl, standing at rest on the ice, gives a 60-kg boy, who is also standing at rest on the ice, a shove.
After the shove, the boy is moving backward at 2.0 m/s. Ignore friction. The girl's speed is _______.
a) zero b) 1.3 m/s c) 2.0 m/s
d) 3.0 m/s e) 6.0 m/s

m1v1 = -m2v2

(60kg)(2m/s) = -40kgV

V= 3 m/s backwards

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_C____7. A man fires a bullet of mass 200 g at a speed of 5 m/s. The gun is of one kg mass, by how much velocity the
gun rebounds backwards?
a) 0.1 m/s b) 10 m/s c) 1 m/s
d) 0.01 m/s e) 100 m/s

mb=200g=0.2kg
vb=5m/s
mg=1kg
The recoil velocity of the gun is 
V=mgmbvb
V=10.2×5=1m/s
The correct option is C.

__E___8. A particle of mass 2m is moving to the right in projectile motion. At the top of its trajectory, an explosion
breaks the particle into two equal parts. After the explosion, one part falls straight down with no horizontal motion.
What is the direction of the motion of the other part just after the explosion?
a) up and to the left b) up and to the right c) down and to the right
d) stops moving e) straight up

In this situation when an object is split into two, the objects will have the equal amount of momentum and the
direction.

__A___9. A proton is moving with velocity 7 x 10 6 m/s towards right and a neutron (mass nearly equal to that of proton)
is moving with velocity 4 x 10 6 m/s towards left. They collide and stick together. The coupled proton and neutron will
move with a velocity _______.
a) 1.5 x 106 m/s towards left b) 1.5 x 106 m/s towards right c) 3 x 106 m/s towards left
d) 3 x 10 towards right
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e) None of these

Given:

mass=1.67×1027kg, Velocty of proton is 7.0×106m/s 

Velocity of neutron is 4.0×106m/s

So, by the conservation of momentum, let m be the mass of the proton, so 2m is the mass of the deuteron.

Initially, the momentum of the proton is −m×7×106kgm/s

Initial momentum of the neutron is +m×4×106kgm/s

so, total momentum is −m×106kgm/s

Now, after the attachment of the mass 2m,

Let v be the velocity of the deuteron,

Then 2mv=−m×3×106

Canceling m then e get,

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v=−1.5×106m/s

___C__10. A lead ball and a rubber ball both have the same mass, strike normally on a smooth vertical wall with the
same velocity. The lead ball falls down after striking but the rubber ball bounces back. Choose the correct statement.
a) The momentum of the lead ball is more than that of the rubber ball.
b) The momentum of the rubber ball is more than that of the lead ball.
c) The rubber ball suffers a greater change in momentum as compared to the lead ball.
d) Both balls suffer an equal change of momentum.
e) None

Initial moment of both ball is same = mv

V = velocity and m in mass of both ball.
final momentum of lead = m×0=0
final momentum of rubber ball = m(−v)=mv
change in momentum of lead ball = mv - 0 = mv
change in momentum of rubber ball = mv - (-mv) = 2mv

of these.