Section Check in Core Pure Matrices

AS and A Level
Further Mathematics B (MEI)
Section Check In – Core Pure: Matrices
Version 1 1 © OCR 2022

AS and A Level Further Mathematics B (MEI) Section Check In

9. The matrices
and are used in this question.
i) By considering what happens to the unit square with vertices

describe the effect of the transformation represented by matrix .
ii) Similarly describe the matrix transformation represented by matrix .
iii) Matrix is defined so that . Find .
10. Solve the following system of equations and interpret your answers geometrically.
Extension
i) The matrix which represents a rotation clockwise about the origin through an angle θ is
Prove that
How could you use this result to prove De Moivre’s theorem?
HINT: Use addition formulae for trigonometry.
ii) Let be the matrix of co-factors of a non-singular matrix , . Prove that


3. First it is written in matrix form
The determinant of the matrix on the LHS is calculated
and the solution can then be calculated as
Therefore, for solutions to exist

4. First the determinant is calculated to see if the matrix is singular.
The matrix is non-singular if . First, we have to calculate the matrix of co-factors:
The transpose is
and hence the inverse is

5. Let
Therefore, we have
and
These become a set of 4 equations:
Solving the first and third equation gives
and the second and fourth
and hence

6. i) The product is written as
ii) For the product to be equal to , we have
and
which means that
iii) The inverse of is therefore
or

7. The line can be written as
For the transformed points to lie on the line , we must have
which can be checked. For
as required.
For :
as required.

8. i) The determinant is calculated
Solving for :
The set of possible values is
ii) The matrix of co-factors is
The transpose is
and hence dividing by the determinant gives
iii) Hence by matrix multiplication the solution is
and the solutions are
, ,

9. i) The points get mapped as
This a shear with fixed line the x-axis such that (0, 1) is mapped to (1, 1).
ii) Like before
and hence
This a rotation about the origin; angle anti-clockwise.

iii)
Therefore, to find we post-multiply by
There are many ways to find the inverse of . The simplest is using the fact that it represents
a rotation of radians anti-clockwise. Therefore, the inverse is just a rotation of radians

clock-wise. Hence
10. The equations are first put in matrix form
The determinant is calculated
The matrix is singular and so the equations cannot be solves by using the inverse matrix.
Each equation represents a plane in the xyz space. The normals for each plane are
None of these are parallel, hence the solution set consists of either a sheaf of planes or a
prism of planes – there are either infinite solutions or no solutions:

To proceed, first we eliminate from the first two equations to get
Next, we note that by eliminating from ANY two equations gives
This represents a line in the 3D plane of solutions – a sheaf of planes.
Let and then
Sub into 3rd equation to get in terms of :
and hence the solution set is
A sheaf of planes:

Extension
i) We have to calculate
Which is
which upon using the trigonometrical identities becomes
as required. To prove De Moivre’s theorem we note that from above
Now we interpret a complex number as a matrix in the form
then this is almost a proof for De Moivre’s theorem as complex multiplication is represented by rotation
in the Argand plane.
ii) From the definition of the matrix of cofactors we have
Now taking the determinant of both sides
Now the RHS is the determinant of a diagonal matrix which is just the product of the diagonal entries.
Therefore
and hence
as required.

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AS and A Level

Further Mathematics B (MEI)

Section Check In – Core Pure: Matrices

Version 1 1 © OCR 2022

Version 1 2 © OCR 2022

and are used in this question.

i) By considering what happens to the unit square with vertices

ii) Similarly describe the matrix transformation represented by matrix .

iii) Matrix is defined so that . Find .

How could you use this result to prove De Moivre’s theorem?

HINT: Use addition formulae for trigonometry.

ii) Let be the matrix of co-factors of a non-singular matrix , . Prove that

Version 1 3 © OCR 2022

Version 1 4 © OCR 2022

3. First it is written in matrix form

The determinant of the matrix on the LHS is calculated

and the solution can then be calculated as

Therefore, for solutions to exist

Version 1 5 © OCR 2022

4. First the determinant is calculated to see if the matrix is singular.

The matrix is non-singular if . First, we have to calculate the matrix of co-factors:

and hence the inverse is

Version 1 6 © OCR 2022

These become a set of 4 equations:

Solving the first and third equation gives

and the second and fourth

Version 1 7 © OCR 2022

6. i) The product is written as

ii) For the product to be equal to , we have

which means that

iii) The inverse of is therefore

Version 1 8 © OCR 2022

7. The line can be written as

For the transformed points to lie on the line , we must have

which can be checked. For

Version 1 9 © OCR 2022

8. i) The determinant is calculated

The set of possible values is

ii) The matrix of co-factors is

and hence dividing by the determinant gives

iii) Hence by matrix multiplication the solution is

and the solutions are

Version 1 10 © OCR 2022

9. i) The points get mapped as

ii) Like before

This a rotation about the origin; angle anti-clockwise.

Version 1 11 © OCR 2022

Therefore, to find we post-multiply by

a rotation of radians anti-clockwise. Therefore, the inverse is just a rotation of radians

10. The equations are first put in matrix form

The determinant is calculated

Version 1 12 © OCR 2022

To proceed, first we eliminate from the first two equations to get

Next, we note that by eliminating from ANY two equations gives

This represents a line in the 3D plane of solutions – a sheaf of planes.

Let and then

Sub into 3rd equation to get in terms of :

and hence the solution set is

Version 1 13 © OCR 2022

which upon using the trigonometrical identities becomes

as required. To prove De Moivre’s theorem we note that from above

Now we interpret a complex number as a matrix in the form

ii) From the definition of the matrix of cofactors we have