EE 4333/5363

Fall 2005

HW7 SOLUTIONS
1. Using the Fixed Channel Assignment (FCA) scheme deployment, with the extended frequency band, a total of 12.5 MHz (in 1 transmission direction) is available for each operator (band). Calculate the aggregate offered traffic Ao (in 1 direction) per group per operator(band) with the following configurations: (a) 7 cells per group, omni-directional cell (AMPS). (b) 7 cells per group, 3-sector cell (AMPS). (c) 7 cells per group, 3-sector cell. Assume the network has been upgraded to TDMA. (Hints: 1. Each sector will require a unique control channel of its own. Frequencies channels assigned to be control channels are not traffic-bearing. You need to substrate the number of control channels from the overall channels pool. 2. In a typical cellular deployment, the desired GOS is 2% of blocking. 3. If the number of frequency channels could not be evenly divided into a whole number per sector, you should calculate the Ao per sector for different number of frequency channels and evaluate the aggregated Ao for the cells cluster.) SOLUTION 1: We have 12.5M/30k=416 channels, including voice channels and control channels. Only voice channels are used to calculate the offered traffic. The voice channels for each sector are: Cell1 1A 19 1B 19 1C 19 2A 19 Cell2 2B 18 2C 19 3A 19 Cell3 3B 19 3C 19 4A 19 Cell4 4B 19 4C 19 5A 19 Cell5 5B 19 5C 18 6A 19 Cell6 6B 19 6C 18 Cell7 7A 19 7B 19 7C 18

A) In order to calculate the voice channels number for a specific cell, we need to sum up the voice channels number for all sectors of that cell. Use Erlang B formula with B=2% to calculate the offered traffic. The voice channels number and traffic for each cell is shown below: Cell1 1A+1B+1C 57 A0=46.8 Cell2 2A+2B+2C 56 45.9 Cell3 3A+3B+3C 57 46.8 Cell4 4A+4B+4C 57 46.8 Cell5 5A+5B+5C 56 45.9 Cell6 6A+6B+6C 56 45.9 Cell7 7A+7B+7C 56 45.9

Then the total offered traffic per group is 324. B) we need to calculate traffic for each sector and sum them up. For N=19, B=2%, using Erlang B we got A0=12.3 For N=18, B=2%, using Erlang B we got A0=11.5 Totally, we got 17 sectors with 19 voice channels and 4 sectors with 18 voice channels. Then the total offered traffic per group is 12.3*17+11.5*4=255.1 C) For TDMA, each voice channel in AMPS has splitted into three channels. The 21 control channels are to be taken away regardless of if the system uses them or not, unless the configuration explicitly requires more than 21 standard control channels.

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EE 4333/5363

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So, if for a sector with 19 voice channels in AMPS, now we got 19*3=57 voice channels in TDMA for that sector. For a sector with 18 voice channels in AMPS, now we got 18*3=54 voice channels in TDMA for that sector. Totally, we got 17 sectors with 57 voice channels and 4 sectors with 54 voice channels. For N=57, B=2%, using Erlang B we got A0=46.8 For N=54, B=2%, using Erlang B we got A0=44 Then the total offered traffic per group is 46.8*17+44*4=971.6 2. As the CTO (Chief Technology Officer) of a startup making a technology choice for a 2G wireless network, you are asked to evaluate between the GSM and CDMA. Your company just acquired a block of spectrum for a BTA (Basic Trading Area) called Green Field. Green Field is a small town and does not have a large number of potential subscribers. Evidently, it is believed that the population of Green Field will not change much in the long turn either. The entire spectrum totals 10MHz (5 MHz in one direction). To evaluate between GSM and CDMA. A feasibility study is undertaken. The following assumptions are being made. Each CDMA carrier is 1.25 MHz, whereas GSM carrier is merely 200 KHz. With the consideration of the guard band, however, within the 5 MHz spectrum, 3 x 1.25 MHz CDMA carriers can be accommodated. For GSM network, it can accommodate 21 x 200 KHz of GSM carriers. Assume both CDMA and GSM are with identical link budgets. (In reality, this is not the case, CDMA enjoys a ~7-8 dB better link budget than GSM). Ignore the requirement of overhead channels (control, paging, etc.), each 200 KHz GSM carrier can carry 8 users; For CDMA (IS-95A/B) deployment, if the typical 13K vocoder is used, each carrier can carry ~20 users. To account for the 50% of traffics is in the soft/softer handoff mode, only ~13 primary users can be supported; 21 cells are sufficient to cover the whole Green Field. The average cell radius is 5Km. Hence, it makes sense to use 7 cells (3 sectors per cell) configuration for GSM frequency planning; Naturally, CDMA does not require frequency planning! It also uses the 3-sector cell configuration. Since CDMA is the newer technology, the infrastructure cost is 4 times more expensive than the GSM gears on a per carrier basis (1.25 MHz in CDMA versus 200 KHz for GSM). There is not without competition. There are a total of 6 wireless operators in Green Field. Hence, the goal is to capture 20% of all potential subscribers. It is also noted that the wireless subscriber penetration rate will eventually reach 35% of the entire population. Each subscriber exhibits a usage model of 0.00625 Erlang/day. Questions:

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(a) With the information provided, if all 5MHz of spectrum is fully exhausted, what is the total aggregated Erlang capacity provided in the 21 cells cluster for GSM and CDMA? (b) Since CDMA infrastructure is 3x more expensive than GSM gears, what is the ratio of (CPEr) Cost per Erlang for GSM versus CDMA? (c) What are the maximum populations of Green Field can grow to before the network will run out of capacity if the operator can achieve/maintain the projected market share as well as the penetration rate of wireless subscribers? (d) Now, can you make a technology choice between GSM and CDMA for this specific deployment? If not, what other information or projection do you need to make this decision? SOLUTION 2: a) For GSM, with blocking probability B=1% and N=8, we get A=3.13 Erlang So, total traffic= 3clusters * 21carriers * 3.13Erlang/carrier=197.19 Erlang For CDMA, with blocking probability B=1% and N=13, we get A=6.61Erlang So, total traffic= 21cells*3carriers/cell*6.61Erlang/carrier=416.43 Erlang Thus, we know CDMA has higher capacity than GSM. b) Suppose GSM cost X per carrier and CDMA cost 3X per carrier,

X/carrier CPEr(GSM) 3.13Erlang/carrier = = 0.7039 . So we know GSM is less expensive than 3X/carrier CPEr(CDMA) 6.61Erlang/carrier
CDMA per Erlang. c) Population * penetration rate * market share * Avg. Erlang/subscriber = Carried Erlang = AO(1-B) For GSM, Population*35%*20%*0.00625=197.19(1-0.01), so the maximum population of the system is 446,213. For CDMA, Population*35%*15%*0.00625=416.43(1-0.01), so the maximum population of the system is 942,322. d) From a) and b), we know CDMA can support more users, but cost more per Erlang than GSM. So we do not have enough information to make the choice. We need further information of the population of the BTA (Green Field) to make the choice. If the population of the BTA is less than both GSM capacity (446,213) and CDMA capacity (942,322), as GSM is less expensive per Erlang than CDMA, so we choose GSM. If the population of the BTA is more than GSM capacity but less than CDMA capacity, as GSM can not support so many populations, so CDMA is the only choice. If the population of the BTA is more than both GSM capacity and CDMA capacity, we should redesign our system.

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