1

)
o):

n
no

phân li hoàn toàn thành ion.

= 1. < 1.
Chú ý

". VD1: HCl H+ + Cl– VD2: CH3COOH CH3COO– + H+

Ba(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OH– Mg(OH)2 Mg2+ + 2OH–
".
NaCl Na+ + Cl–

21

li ra H+. li ra OH–. li ra H+ và OH–.

VD3: HCl, H2SO4, ... VD4: NaOH, Ca(OH)2, ... VD5: Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, ...

1
proton (H+). (H+). +).

+ Các axit theo quan

tính: Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2…

–
3 ,
2+, Al3+, 2–, CO32–, HSO3–, HS–, HPO42–…
Zn2+, NH4+… PO43–, CH3COO–… 4)2CO3…

A + H2O B+ H3O+ B + H2O A + OH–

[B].[H ] [A].[OH ]
Ka Kb
[A] [B]
– Ka – Kb
a b

– Ka – Kb

–
+
4

VD6: NaCl, Al2(SO4)3, Na2CO3… ion H+.

2HPO3, NaH2PO2 là các VD7: NaHCO , K HPO , KHSO …
3 2 4 4

CaOCl2…

2
 1
(A
(B
(C
(D

2
(A) CH4. (B) C2H5OH. (C) HCl. (D) C6H6.

3 không

(A) H2SO4. (B) KOH. (C) C2H5OH. (D) AgNO3.

4 KAl(SO4)2.12H2O, C2H5OH,
Chú ý C12H22O11 3COOH, Ca(OH)2, CH3COONH4
– CH3COONH4
– KAl(SO4)2.12H2
A) 3. B) 4. C) 5. D) 2.

5
(A) NaCl, AgCl, KOH. (B) H2SO3, NaOH, BaCl2.
(C) KNO3, Ba(OH)2, HCl. (D) H2SO4, Cu(OH)2, AgNO3.

6 3, AgBr, BaSO3, CuSO4, HNO3.

(A) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (D) 6.

7
(A) H2O, CH3COOH, CuSO4, NH3.
(B) CH3COOH, NaNO3, NH3.
(C) H2O, Ba(OH)2, NaNO3, CuSO4.
(D) H2O, CH3COOH, NH3.

8
(A) KNO3, PbCl2, Ca(HCO3)2, Na2S, NH4Cl.
(B) KNO3, HClO4, Ca3(PO4)2, Na2CO3, CuSO4.
(C) KHSO4, HClO4, Na2S, CH3COONa, NH4Cl.
(D) KOH, HClO4, NaHSO4, Ca(HCO3)2, NH3.
3
9
(A) H2SO4 H+ + SO42–. (B) H2SO4 2H+ + HSO4–.
(C) H2SO4 H+ + 2SO42–. (D) H2SO4 2H+ + SO42–.

A
(A) NaOH Na+ + O2–. (B) KOH Na+ + OH–.
(C) Ca(OH)2 Ca2+ + OH–. (D) Ca(OH)2 Ca2+ + 2OH–.

B không
(A) NaCl Na+ + Cl–. (B) CaSO4 Ca2+ + SO42–.
(C) Na2SO4 2Na+ + SO42–. (D) CaCl2 Ca2+ + 2Cl–.

C
(A) NaOH Na+ + Cl–. (B) Na2SO4 2Na+ + SO42–.
(C) BaSO4 Ba2+ + SO42–. (D) NaCl Na+ + Cl–.

D là
(A
(B
(C
(D

E là
(A) 0 < < 1. (B) 0 1.
(C) 0 < < 100. (D) 0 100.

F 3

CH3
(A (B
(C (D

G không
axit?
(A) HCl. (B) HNO3. (C) CH4. (D) H2SO4.

(A) NaOH. (B) Ca(OH)2.

(C) C6H5OH. (D) KOH.

4
 I
(A) NaOH. (B) Mg(OH)2.
(C) Al(OH)3. (D) Cu(OH)2.

J không
(A) Al(OH)3. (B) Zn(OH)2.
(C) Pb(OH)2. (D) Cu(OH)2.

K
(A (B
(C (D
Chú ý
+ L
(A (B
(C (D
CH3COOH CH3COO– + H+
CH3
M 2SO3 là
–
3COO .
(A) S. (B) SO2. (C) SO32–. (D) SO3.
CH3COO–
axit CH3COOH.
N 2 là
(A) Zn. (B) ZnO. (C) Zn2+. (D) ZnCl2.

O
(A) Cl–. (B) S2–. (C) Cu2+. (D) Al3+.

P
(A) CO32–. (B) S2–. (C) Al3+. (D) SO32–.

Q
(A) HCl, H2SO4, H2CO3, CO32–.
(B) NaOH, KOH, Mg(OH)2, Mg2+.
(C) HNO3, HCOOH, Mg2+.
(D) Al3+, Zn2+, CO32–.

R
(A) Fe2+. (B) Fe3+. (C) HS–. (D) Cl–.

S –
3 , H2PO4–, PO43–, NH3, S2–, HPO42–.

(A) 2. (B) 1. (C) 5. (D) 3.

5
T a

HNO2, HCOOH.

U b
–
2 ,

CH3COO–, HCOO–.

V
(A a

(B a

(C a

(D a

W b [NH3]> Kb [Mg(OH)2
(A 3 2.

(B 3 2.

(C 2 3.

(D 3 2.

6
 )
o):

n C
hay
no C0 – C0
< 1.

VD8: 3 3COOH

3COOH

2
3COOH là 0, 02.
100
– Vì 0 < < 1 nên CH3

VD9: 3
+

li

PT phân li: CH3COOH ↽ ⇀ CH3COO– + H+

3COOH]phân li = [H+] = 0,004 M.
3COOH 1 M là
0, 004
0, 004
1
VD10:
a. HCl 0,5 M.
b. Ba(NO3)2 1 M.

Vì HCl, Ba(NO3)2 và Al2(SO4)3 = 1.

HCl 0,5 M.
PT phân li: HCl H+ + Cl– (1)
+] = [Cl–] = [HCl] = 0,5 M.
Ba(NO3)2 1 M.
PT phân li: Ba(NO3)2 Ba2+ + 2NO3– (2)
2+] = [Ba(NO3)2] = 1 M.
[NO3–] = 2 [Ba(NO3)2] = 2 M.

7
VD11: 3COOH, CH3COO– và H+ trong dung
3 = 0,02.

C
C = .C0
C0
3

PT phân li. CH3COOH ↽ ⇀ CH3COO– + H+

Phân li: 0,001 0,001 0,001

3COOH 0,05 M là
[CH3COOH] = 0,049 M
[CH3COO–] = 0,001 M.
[H+] = 0,001 M.

X
a. NaCl 0,4 M. b. CaCl2 0,5 M.
c. FeSO4 1,2 M. d. H2SO4 0,15 M.
e. Ba(OH)2 0,25 M. f. Na3PO4 0,03 M.

Y
= 0,05.
b. CH3 = 0,01.
= 0,04.

Z 3
+ là 0,004 M. Khi pha

H+ là 4,08.10–4
(A = 0,0108. (B = 0,0408.
(C = 0,0408. (D = 0,0108.

8
Câu Câu Câu
1 C D B P C
2 C E B Q C
3 C F A R C
4 B G C S D
5 C H C T
6 C I C U
7 D J D V B
8 C K B W A
9 D L A X
A D M C Y
B B N C Z C
C C O B

[ClO ].[H ] [NO2 ].[H ]

T Ka (HClO) = Ka (HNO2) =
[HClO] [HNO2 ]

[HCOO ].[H ]
Ka (HCOOH) =
[HCOOH]

[HNO2 ].[OH ] [HCOOH].[OH ]

U Kb (NO2-) = Kb (HCOO-) =
[NO2 ] [HCOO ]

[CH3COOH].[OH ]
Kb (CH3COO-) =
[CH3COO ]

X a. [Na+] = [Cl-] = 0,4 M.

b. [Ca2+] = 0,5 M; [Cl-] = 1 M.
c. [Fe2+] = 1,2 M; [SO42-] = 1,2 M.

d. [H+] = 0,3 M; [SO42-] = 0,15 M.

e. [Ba2+] = 0,25 M; [OH-] = 0,5 M.

f. [Na+] = 0,09 M; [PO43-] = 0,03 M.

Y a. [H+] = [HCOO-] = 0,02 M.
b. [H+] = [CH3COO-] = 2,5.10-3 M.

c. [H+] = [HCOO-] = 4.10-3 M.

9