DYE BATH

A dyebath is a container which is filled with

dye for the purpose of dyeing textiles.
Dyebaths come in a range of shapes and
sizes, and they can be used for an assortment
of textiles, from wool to some synthetics.

Once the dyebath has been prepared, the

material can be dipped into it. Textile
materials are soaked for varying amounts of
time in the dyebath, depending on the color
saturation desired and the type of textile
involved, and they may be stirred in the bath
to ensure even distribution of color.
 Jigger dyeing machine:

• Jigger dyeing machine is the most commonly

used for dyeing all kinds of cotton fabric.
There are mainly two types of jigger dyeing
machine. One is open jigger dyeing machine
and other is closed jigger dyeing machine. It is
one of the oldest types of machine for dyeing
woven fabrics, which must not be creased
during dyeing, for example, most taffetas,
satins, poplins, ducks, and suiting.
 Winch dyeing machine:

• The winch or beck dyeing machine is the oldest form

of piece dyeing machine. The construction is
comparatively simple and therefore economical to
purchase and operate. It is suitable for practically all
types of fabric, especially lightweights, which can
normally withstand creasing when in rope form such
as woolen and silk fabric, loosely woven cotton and
synthetic fabrics, and circular and warp-knitted fabrics.
The winch imposes much less length ways tension as
compared to the jigger; hence, it is suitable for
delicate fabrics, which are damaged under high
tension.
 Loose fibre dyeing machine (for fibre dyeing)

• The loose fiber dyeing carried out by the bulk fiber

dyeing machine actually refers to cotton fibers,
wool fibers, and loose latex staple fibers that have
been subjected to a comb spinning process. At this
time, attention should be paid to dyeing and then
spinning into colored yarns. The dyeing process.
The dyeing is mainly carried out in a special bulk
fiber dyeing machine, and afterwards, a pump
should be used to alternately circulate the dye
liquor to obtain uniform dyeing.
 Hank Yarn Dyeing Machine
• In case of mercerized cotton yarns , the yarn mercerizing is done in the hank form and material has to be
neutralized before dyeing
 Jet dyeing machine
• It is the most modern machine used for the dyeing of polyester using disperse dyes. In this machine the
cloth is dyed in rope form which is the main disadvantage of the machine.
 Package dyeing machines
• They are the most widely used now a days for dyeing of almost all type of yarns ,due to economical
,automatic and accurate dyeing results
 WASH CYCLE
• After the dyeing operation it is required to rinse out the chemicals, neutralize the fabric and remove the
superficial dyes from the surface of the fabric to increase the fastness property.
• The sequence of the various washing steps is the following:

a. Formation of the detergent liquor (transfer of matter + energy by mixing);

b. Reaching of the process temperature and wetting (transfer of the liquor to the material);
c. Separation of impurities and emulsification (transfer of matter from one step to the other);
d. Removal of the liquor from the fiber (transfer of macroscopic matter);
e. Drying (inter-stage transfer of heat and matter).
• The no. of washes also depends on the type & depth of dye used and the chemicals used during dyeing
rate of dyes in fabric. Increasing of temperature increases the rate of the dyeing & of the dyeing migration. Higher dyeing
temperature insures the good levelling and better penetration of dye into the fibres.
But the temperature depends on the types of dye adapted in the dye bath.
RATE OF DYEING
Rate of dyeing under any set of condition(i.e. temperature proportional to concentration of dye in the solution at given time t.)
The rate of dyeing depends on the following factors-
– The temperature of the bath
– Concentration of salt in the bath
– Pressure of the bath(for polyester dyeing)
– Dye particle size – M:L ratio