- 

a wealthy French-
1830s after the REFORMATION born banker, won
- THEODORE PLEIBNER a German the hearts of
pastor citizens of his
- KAISERSWORTH (training adopted city of
facility), the first deaconess home Philadelphia for his
German 1836 courageous and
compassionate
-origins of nursing predate the mid- nursing of the
19th century victims of the
-the history of professional nursing 1793 yellow
traditionally begins with Florence fever epidemic.
Nightingale. 
- Nightingale, the well-educated
daughter of wealthy British parents,
defied social conventions and decided CONCEPT OF MAN
to become a nurse. Philosophical view
-Nightingale received her formal
- From the Latin word,
training in nursing in kaiserswerth,
“Humanitas” – concept
Germany, in 1844 of Man means human
-1851 she completed her nursing nature, general culture
training of the mind
-Nightingale believed that well-
o How a man
educated women, using scientific
thinks, behaves
principles and informed education or act in
about healthy lifestyles, could response to its
dramatically improve the care of sick environment or
patients. to other beings
-In October of 1854 Nightingale had 2.
the opportunity to test her beliefs Social/Sociological view
during Britain’s Crimean War. - A man belonging to a
- In response, the British government particular category (as by
asked Nightingale to take a small birth, residence,
group of nurses to the membership, or
occupation)
military hospital at Scutari
-Within months a grateful public SCIENTIFIC VIEW OF MAN
knew of the work of the “Lady with MAN
the Lamp,” who made nightly rounds
comforting the sick and wounded. - Considered as bipedal primate
mammal.
 Stephen Girard - (homo sapiens) – anatomically related
to the
 “great apes” but distinguished especially by ▪ E.g., quarrel with someone –
3.
nurse must ask what
notable development of the brain with a
4. happened and listen
resultant capacity for articulate speech and abstract Man normally responds as a unified whole
reasoning rather than a set of integrated parts

- Usually considered to form a variable number 5. or freely a. Man as a unified whole is

composed of parts which are
interbreeding races.
interrelated and interdependent with
NURSING CONCEPTS OF MAN each other

1. Man as Biological Being is composed of two systems ▪ E.g., toothache (pain affects
the face, head, body)
a. Subordinate System
▪ Fine (person runs as a whole
▪ Found inside man are family, loved ones,
neighbors not per part)

o Family is the supra system of Man. Members are Man as a unified whole is different and
interdependent working toward a specific goal and Man is an open system in constant
purposes. It is an open system for it interacts and influenced
interaction with the changing
by other system in the community
environment
▪ E.g., patient with a head ached
Man is a unity who can be viewed as
b. Superordinate System functioning biologically, symbolically, and
▪ Found outside man is society and community socially, and who initiates and perform
selfcare activities on her own behalf in - It depends on how you perceive positively or maintaining life
and well-being negatively a situation is

6. Man is like all man, and man is no other Each individual is a unique being who is man different
from every human being, with a
different combination of genetics, life
CONCEPT OF INDIVIDUALITY
experiences, and environmental interactions
- man is individual
When providing care, we need to focus on -
Dimensions of Individuality the client with in both a total care and an o Person’s total character individualized
care context.
o Self-identity o E.g., Total care – a group of patients who
are hypertensive – total care given to
o Perceptions hypertensive patients

Factors that Influence individuality

 o Providing health education (e.g., what
1. Biological Factors (e.g., our own genetic makeup are the contributory factors in the
formation of the condition, and
2. Environmental and sociocultural factors
DIMENSIONS OF INDIVIDUALITY medication regimen
Individualized can:
Person’s Total Character
(e.g., group of patients, a person has -
Encompasses behaviors, emotional state, hypertension and a factor is being obese or
attitudes, values, motives, abilities, obesity

habits, and appearances o Plan of care addressing the weight

Person’s Self-identity loss of the patient, modifying the lifestyle of the patient
- “perception of yourself”
CONCEPT OF HOLISM
- Encompasses perception of self as a separate
- Nurses are concerned with the individual as a and
distinct entity alone and in interactions
with others. “whole”, complete or holistic person, not as an
assembly of parts and processes.
Person’s Perceptions

- Encompasses the way the person interprets - You

are addressing/considering the different the environment or aspects such as mental, spiritual, sociocultural.

- Consider the effect of one aspect to other situation

- Directly affecting how he or she thinks, feels,

aspects .

and acts in any given situation CONCEPTS OF HOMEOSTASIS

-
- Interpretation of the environment of others,
Physiological and Psychological
Homeostasis
and of others behaviors

Psychological homeostasis

• Emotional or psychological balance or a state of mental well-being

• Maintained by variety or mechanisms

Aspects how a person would maintain psychological

homeostasis :
Life experience

o Positive life experiences give satisfaction

Stable Physical Environment

o Basic needs of an individual should be constantly

provided (e.g., food,
shelter, clothing)
Social environment o “how do we interact with

people?” o A person is influenced by the

people

around him/her
Stable psychological environment o If the
individual received ample
amount of love and trust by his/her family
– may help in maintaining psychological
homeostasis, parents should be kind but
must be firm and consistent in disciplining
their child