Cairo University

Faculty of Engineering 2nd Progress Examination

3rd Year Mechanical Power Time Allowed: 90 min.
Heat and Mass Transfer B (MEP 304B) 29th April, 2018
Answer the following questions:

1. Water in a tank is to be boiled at sea level by a 1-cm-diameter nickel plated steel heating element (Csf
= 0.006) equipped with electrical resistance wires inside. Determine:
(a) The maximum heat flux that can be attained in the nucleate boiling regime.
(b) The surface temperature of the heater surface in that case.
(c) The rate at which water is boiled per unit length of wire in (kg/hr. m).
(d) The wall heat flux if the wire is operated at a departure of nucleate boiling ratio of 1.3.

2. A counter flow, concentric tube heat exchanger is used to cool the lubricating oil for a large industrial
gas turbine engine. The flow rate of cooling water through the inner copper tube (having an outside
diameter of 33.4 mm and a wall thickness of 3.38 mm) is 0.2 kg/s, while the flow rate of oil through the
outer annulus (having an inside diameter of 49.3 mm), is 0.1 kg/s. The oil and water enter at
temperatures of 100 and 30 °C, respectively. The oil outlet temperature is 60 °C. The inside and outside
fouling factors are R”fi = 0.0001 m2.K/W (water side) and R”fo= 0.0009 m2.K/W (oil side), respectively.
(a) Calculate both of the total heat transfer rate of that heat exchanger, and the water exit temperature.
(b) Calculate both the water side (inside tube) and oil side (annulus) convective heat transfer
coefficients.
(c) Without any further calculations, by looking at the above calculations of water and oil convective
heat transfer coefficients, state (giving reasons) whether the copper tube wall temperature will follow
more closely the water temperature, the oil temperature, an arithmetic average value of both profiles, or
any other suggestions.
(d) Based on (c) above, estimate a reasonable value of copper tube wall temperature, and hence estimate
its thermal conductivity.
(e) Determine the overall coefficient based on both inside and outside tube diameters.
(f) How long must the tube be made?
(g) What is the effectiveness of that heat exchanger?
(h) What error percentage would be in length calculation, had the heat exchanger analysis been carried
out based on a completely clean HEX (zero fouling factors)?

Note that: The thermal conductivity of the copper can be assumed to vary linearly as
k (T) = 425 - 0.08 T for 300 < T < 400 K, where k is in W/m∙K and T is in K

3. Dry Air at 25 °C, 101.3 kPa enters a 5-cm-diameter tube with an average velocity of 5 m/s. The tube
inner surface is wetted uniformly with water, and the tube wall is maintained at 25 °C. If the diffusion
coefficient for water in atmospheric air is taken as 0.26 × 10-4 at 25 °C, determine:
(a) The convective mass transfer coefficient in m/s.
(b) The relative humidity of the air at the exit of the tube, if the tube length is 2.6 m.
(c) The water evaporation rate in kg/h.
(d) The rate at which energy must be supplied to the tube to maintain the tube temperature at 25 °C.

AK, HK, AR & AA

Good Luck!