REINWARDTIA

A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY,

PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
Vol. 14(2): 249-324, December 23, 2015
Chief Editor
Kartini Kramadibrata (Mycologist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia)

Editors
Dedy Darnaedi (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia)
TukirinPartomihardjo (Ecologist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia)
Joeni Setijo Rahajoe (Ecologist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia)
Marlina Ardiyani (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia)
Topik Hidayat (Taxonomist, Indonesia University of Education, Indonesia)
Eizi Suzuki (Ecologist, Kagoshima University, Japan)
Jun Wen (Taxonomist, Smithsonian Natural History Museum, USA)

Managing Editor
Himmah Rustiami (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia)
Lulut Dwi Sulistyaningsih (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia)

Secretary
Endang Tri Utami

Layout
Medi Sutiyatno

Illustrators
Subari
Wahyudi Santoso
Anne Kusumawaty

Correspondence on editorial matters and subscriptions for Reinwardtia should be addressed to:
HERBARIUM BOGORIENSE, BOTANY DIVISION,
RESEARCH CENTER FOR BIOLOGY-INDONESIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES
CIBINONG SCIENCE CENTER, JLN. RAYA JAKARTA - BOGOR KM 46,
CIBINONG 16911, P.O. Box 25 CIBINONG
INDONESIA
PHONE (+62) 21 8765066; Fax (+62) 21 8765062
E-MAIL: reinwardtia@mail.lipi.go.id
http://e-journal.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php/reinwardtia
A B
Cover images: Zingiber engganoensis Ardiyani. A. Habit B. Leafy shoot and the
inflorescence showing rhizomes, roots and root-tuber C. Leaves D. Ligule and swollen
D F petiole E. Dissection of inflorescence showing fruit F. Spike and flowers G. Dissection
C
of flowers and fruits showing bract, bracteole, two lateral staminodes, two petal lobes,
labellum, and the four appendages of the anther H. Flower. Source of materials: E190
E (BO). Photo credits: B, C, D by Arief Supnatna. A, E, F, G, H by Marlina Ardiyani.
G H
 The Editors would like to thank all reviewers of volume 14(2):

Abdul Latiff Mohamad, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
Abdulrokhman Kartonegoro - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia
Agus Susatya - University of Bengkulu, Bengkulu, Indonesia
Axel D. Poulsen - Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
Campbell O. Webb - Arnold Arboretum, University of Harvard, USA
Edwino Fernando - Dept. of Forest Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Philippines
Fabian Brambach - Dept. of Ecology & Ecosystem Research, Georg August University, Gottingen, Germany
John Mood - Lyon Arboretum, University of Hawaii, USA
Kuswata Kartawinata - Integrative Research Center, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA
Mark Newman - Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
Martin Dancak - Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Czech Republic
Mien A. Rifai - Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (AIPI)
Ridha Mahyuni - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia
 REINWARDTIA
REINWARDTIA
Vol 14, No
Vol 14, No 2,
2, pp:
pp: 311
311 ‒ 316
316

TWO
TWO NEW
NEW SPECIES
SPECIES OF
OF ALPINIA (ZINGIBERACEAE) FROM
ALPINIA (ZINGIBERACEAE) FROM SULAWESI,
SULAWESI,
INDONESIA
INDONESIA
Received September 03,
Received September 03, 2015;
2015; accepted
accepted September
September 18,
18, 2015
2015

WISNU
WISNU H. H. ARDI
ARDI
Centre
Centre for
for Plant Conservation –– Botanic
Plant Conservation Botanic Gardens,
Gardens, LIPI. Jln. Ir.
LIPI. Jln. Ir. H.
H. Juanda
Juanda No.
No. 13
13 Bogor,
Bogor, 16122.
16122. Indonesia.
Indonesia. E-mail:
E-mail:
wisn001@lipi.go.id
wisn001@lipi.go.id

MARLINA
MARLINA ARDIYANI
ARDIYANI
Herbarium Bogoriense, Botany
Herbarium Bogoriense, Botany Division,
Division, Research
Research Center
Center for
for Biology-LIPI,
Biology-LIPI, Cibinong
Cibinong Science
Science Center,
Center, Jln.
Jln. Raya
Raya
Jakarta-Bogor
Jakarta-Bogor Km.
Km. 46,
46, Cibinong
Cibinong 16911,
16911, Bogor,
Bogor, Indonesia.
Indonesia. E-mail:
E-mail: marlina.ardiyani@gmail.com
marlina.ardiyani@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
ARDI,
ARDI, W.W. H.
H. && ARDIYANI,
ARDIYANI, M. M. 2015.
2015. Two
Two new
new species
species ofof A
A lpinia (Zingiberaceae) from
lpinia (Zingiberaceae) from Sulawesi,
Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Indonesia. Rein-
Rein-
wardtia 14(2): 311
wardtia 14(2): 311 ‒ 316.
316. —— Two
Two new
new species
species of
of A lpinia section
A lpinia section A lpinia subsection
A lpinia subsection Cenolophon,
Cenolophon, Alpinia macrocrista
Alpinia macrocrista
Ardiyani
Ardiyani && Ardi,
Ardi, and
and AA lpinia pusilla Ardi
lpinia pusilla Ardi &
& Ardiyani,
Ardiyani, from
from Sulawesi, Indonesia, are
Sulawesi, Indonesia, are described.
described. Colour
Colour plates
plates are
are pro-
pro-
vided,
vided, and
and four-locus DNAbarcodes
four-loci DNA barcodeshave
havebeen
beengenerated
generatedfor
forthe
thepurpose
purposeof ofidentification.
identification. Tabulated
Tabulated key
key to
to species
species of
of
Alpinia subsection
Alpinia Cenolophon in
subsection Cenolophon in Sulawesi
Sulawesi is
is also
also presented.
presented.

Key Words: A
Key Words: lpinia, endemic,
A lpinia, ginger ,, new
endemic, ginger new species,
species, subsection
subsection Cenolophon,
Cenolophon, Sulawesi,
Sulawesi, taxonomy,
taxonomy, Zingiber aceae.
Zingiber aceae.

ABSTRAK
ABSTRAK
ARDI,
ARDI, W.W. H.
H. &
& ARDIYANI,
ARDIYANI, M. M. 2015.
2015. Dua
Dua jenis
jenis baru
baru A lpinia (Zingiberaceae)
A lpinia dari Sulawesi,
(Zingiberaceae) dari Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Indonesia. Reinwardtia
Reinwardtia
14(2):
14(2): 311
311 ‒ 316.
316. —
— DuaDua jenis
jenis baru
baru A lpinia (Zingiberaceae)
A lpinia (Zingiberaceae) dari
dari A lpinia seksi
A lpinia seksi A lpinia subseksi
A lpinia subseksi Cenolophon,
Cenolophon, Alpinia
Alpinia
macrocrista Ardiyani
macrocrista Ardiyani & & Ardi
Ardi sp.
sp. nov.,
nov., dan
dan AA lpinia pusilla Ardi
lpinia pusilla Ardi && Ardiyani
Ardiyani sp.
sp. nov.,
nov., dari
dari Sulawesi,
Sulawesi, Indonesia
Indonesia telah
telah di-
di-
pertelakan.
pertelakan. Gambar
Gambar berwarna
berwarna dari
dari kedua
kedua jenis
jenis baru
baru tersebut,
tersebut, dan empat lokus
dan empat lokus DNA
DNA barcode telah dihasilkan
barcode telah dihasilkan untuk
untuk
keperluan
keperluan identifikasi.
identifikasi.

Kata
Kata kunci:
kunci: A lpinia, endemik,
A lpinia, endemik, jahe,
jahe, jenis
jenis bar
bar u,
u, subseksi Cenolophon, Sulawesi,
subseksi Cenolophon, Sulawesi, taksonomi, Zingiber aceae.
taksonomi, Zingiber aceae.

INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION Schum., A
Schum., versicolor K.
A .. versicolor Schum. and
K. Schum. and A A .. warburgii
warburgii
K. Schum.
K. Schum.
Alpinia is
Alpinia is aa large
large genus
genus consisting
consisting of of about
about 230 230 During
During an an inventory
inventory of of the
the gingers
gingers inin Bogor
Bogor Bo-
Bo-
species
species distributed
distributed across
across South
South AsiaAsia to
to Australia
Australia tanic
tanic Garden,
Garden, five five species
species of of A lpinia subsection
A lpinia subsection
(Kress
(Kress et al., 2005).
et al., Alpinia subsection
2005). Alpinia subsection Cenolophon
Cenolophon Cenolophon were
Cenolophon were recorded,
recorded, namely
namely A. A. padacanca,
padacanca,
(Blume)
(Blume) R. R. M.
M. Sm. was proposed
Sm. was proposed by by Smith
Smith (1990),
(1990), A.
A. rubricaulis,
rubricaulis, A. warburgii and
A. warburgii and two
two species
species which
which
adopting the
adopting original generic
the original generic name name of of the
the type
type proved
proved toto be
be new
new toto science.
science. TheThe new
new species
species which
which
species,
species, Cenolophon
Cenolophon rubrum rubrum Blume Blume (1823;
(1823; = = we
we describe
describe as as A A lpinia macrocrista below
lpinia macrocrista below had had
Alpinia rubricaulis K.
Alpinia rubricaulis K. Schum.).
Schum.). The The subsection
subsection is is originally
originally been
been collected
collected sterile
sterile in
in West
West Sulawesi
Sulawesi
characterized
characterized by by erect
erect and
and branchless
branchless inflorescences
inflorescences Province
Province whilewhile A A lpinia pusilla, also
lpinia pusilla, also collected
collected
which
which produce
produce flowersflowers singly,
singly, never
never in in cincinni,
cincinni, sterile,
sterile, came
came from Natali Baru
from Natali Baru Village, North
Village, North
and
and the
the absence
absence of of bracteoles
bracteoles (occasionally)
(occasionally) minute
minute Sulawesi
Sulawesi Province.
Province. Both Both were
were cultivated
cultivated at at Bogor
Bogor
and
and caducous
caducous very very early.
early. Phylogenetic
Phylogenetic analysis
analysis Botanic
Botanic Gardens
Gardens until until they
they flowered
flowered and and are
are
shows
shows thatthat the the group
group is is embedded
embedded in in Clade
Clade described
described formally
formally here.
here.
Zerumbet-IV
Zerumbet-IV showing showing an an affinity
affinity with
with A A lpinia
lpinia The
The two
two new new species
species increase
increase the
the number
number ofof
zerumbet (Pers.)
zerumbet (Pers.) B. B. L.
L. Burtt
Burtt & & R.R. M.
M. Sm.
Sm. (Kress
(Kress et et subsection Cenolophon
Alpinia subsection
Alpinia Cenolophon in in Sulawesi
Sulawesi to to seven
seven
al., 2005).
al., 2005). As Alpinia is
As Alpinia is not
not monophyletic
monophyletic and and thethe species which are
species which are all
all endemic.
endemic. Descriptions
Descriptions of of the
the
type
type of
of the genus, A
the genus, galanga (L.)
A .. galanga (L.) Willd.,
Willd., isis not
not in-
in- new
new species
species are are presented
presented and and key
key morphological
morphological
cluded
cluded inin the
the Zerumbet
Zerumbet clade,clade, aa newnew generic
generic namename characters
characters separating
separating the the seven
seven species
species of of the
the sub-
sub-
is
is expected
expected to to bebe given
given toto this
this in
in the
the future.
future. section
section are
are tabulated
tabulated inin the
the present
present paper.
paper.
Alpinia subsection
Alpinia Cenolophon is
subsection Cenolophon is aa relatively
relatively
small
small group
group whichwhich belongs
belongs to to subgenus
subgenus A A lpinia
lpinia MATERIALS
MATERIALS AND
AND METHODS
METHODS
section Alpinia and
section Alpinia and comprises
comprises about about 24
24 species
species dis-dis-
tributed
tributed inin southern
southern China,China, Indo-China,
Indo-China, Peninsular
Peninsular The
The morphology
morphology of of the
the new
new species
species was
was
Malaysia,
Malaysia, and and Indonesia.
Indonesia. In In Indonesia,
Indonesia, they they areare characterized from
characterized living plants
from living plants collected
collected at
at Bogor
Bogor
restricted
restricted toto Sulawesi,
Sulawesi, Borneo
Borneo and and the
the Sula
Sula Islands
Islands Botanic
Botanic Gardens.
Gardens. Detailed
Detailed morphological
morphological measure-
measure-
(Sanana).
(Sanana). FiveFive endemic
endemic species
species belonging
belonging to to this
this ments
ments were
were made
made using
using aa ruler
ruler and
and aa calibrated
calibrated eye-
eye-
subsection
subsection are are found
found in in Sulawesi,
Sulawesi, namely
namely A A lpinia
lpinia piece
piece under
under aa dissecting
dissecting microscope.
microscope. Herbarium
Herbarium
orthostachys K.
orthostachys K. Schum.,
Schum., A. hulstijnii Valeton,
A. hulstijnii Valeton, A. A. specimens
specimens to
to serve
serve as
as types
types were
were taken
taken from
from plants
plants
padacanca Valeton
padacanca Valeton ex ex K.K. Heyne,
Heyne, A. rubricaulis K.
A. rubricaulis K.

311
311
312 REINWARDTIA
cultivated in the Garden (see Taxonomic Treat-
ment).
DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing of
four barcoding regions, namely rbcL, matK, the
intergenic spacer between trnH and psbA, and ITS2
were carried out using published primers under
standard conditions (see Kress and Erickson, 2007).
GenBank accession numbers for the four-locus bar-
code regions are summarized in Table 1.
TAXONOMY
TAXONOMIC TREATMENT
1. Alpinia macrocrista Ardiyani & Ardi, spec. nov.
— Type: Indonesia, Cultivated in Bogor Botanic
Garden from vegetative material collected in the
wild (Mamuju District, Inhutani Palade, West
Sulawesi Province, Indonesia) 14 iv 2013, W isnu
Ardi & Marlina Ardiyani WI 80 (BO; isotype
BOHB). Plate 1.
The new species resembles Alpinia macrostephana
(Baker) Ridl. in the flowers and anther crest shape
and size, but differs consistently by the shorter leafy
shoots (up to 80 cm tall), subsessile leaflets, smaller
leaf size (21.5−34 × 4−8 cm), and symetrically
cuneate leaf base. In contrast, in Alpinia
macrostephana the length of leafy shoots are up to
2.5 m tall, petioles up to 11 cm long, leaf size 60 ×
9 cm and strongly assymetric, cordate leaf base. A .
macrocrista differs from all other species of Alpinia
subsection Cenolophon in Sulawesi by its subsessile
coriaceous lamina, large flowers (> 4.5 cm long)
and large, broadly ovate anther crest which is more
than twice the length of the anther (10 × 12−14
mm).
Description. Per ennial her b. R hizom e ca. 10 mm
diameter, scales cream greenish externally, 2−3 cm
long. Leafy shoots 4 cm apart forming a loose
clump of few shoots, shoot 60−80 cm long with
6−11 leaves, green, base slightly swollen; leaf
sheath green with red-brown margin. Ligule 5−10
Table 1. Voucher information and Genbank accession numbers for A lpinia macrocrista and A . pusilla
Species Gene region
Alpinia macrocrista rbcL
matK
trnH-psbA
ITS2
A. pusilla rbcL
matK
trnH-psbA
ITS2
[VOL.14
mm long, red-brown, margin sparsely ciliate, apex
deeply bilobed; leaf epetiolate or sessile. Leaves
elliptic-oblong, 21.5−34 × 4−8 cm, glabrous on
both surfaces, adaxially green, shiny, abaxially
pale green, margin entire from the middle part to
the base, hairy towards the apex, slightly
undulating, base cuneate, apex acuminate. Inflo-
rescence terminal, racemose, flower bearing part
13 cm long, densely set with 10−20 flowers, 1−2
flowers open at a time. Peduncle 2−2.5 cm long,
pubescent, bracts absent. Flowers 5−5.5 cm long.
Pedicel ca. 1−2 mm long, red. Calyx reaching
shorter than corolla, tubular, up to 19-23 mm long,
apex three-lobed, split unilaterally, pubescent,
white. Corolla tube 15−17 mm long, white; corolla
lobes oblong, reaching shorter than filament, pu-
bescent, white tinged pink, dorsal lobe oblong mu-
cronate, 2.2−2.5 × 0.5−1.0 cm, lateral lobes
2.4−2.7 × 0.7−1.0 cm. Labellum broadly obovate,
3.1−3.3 × 2.5−2.8 cm, adaxially pink with two
broad, yellowish green lines between the middle
band and red stripes on the middle band, apex
tinged yellow, margin entire from base to the mid-
dle part and crenate from the middle part to the
apex, apex obtuse. Stamen 2.1−2.7 cm long, pink-
ish, outer surface sparsely covered with glandular
hairs. Filament 16−20 mm long. A nther 5−7 ×
4−4.5 mm, pink; anther crest broadly obovate,
apex crenate, 10 × 12−14 mm. Lateral staminodes
subulate, 10−15 mm long, green with red blotches.
Ovary spherical, pale green, tomentose, ca. 2−4 ×
4 mm. Style 4−4.5 cm long, glabrous. Stigma fun-
nel-shaped. Nectary gland entire, split to the base
in one side close to the base of the style, 2−3 mm
long, clasping the base of the style. Fruit and seeds
unknown.
Distribution. At pr esent this species is only
known from the type locality in West Sulawesi and
is probably endemic to Sulawesi.
Etymology. The specific epithet is der ived fr om
Genbank accession Voucher
number (Herbarium location)
KT280458 WI 80 (BO, HBBO)
KT280460 WI 80 (BO, HBBO)
KT280462 WI 80 (BO, HBBO)
KT280464 WI 80 (BO, HBBO)
KT280459 WI 81 (BO, HBBO)
KT280461 WI 81 (BO, HBBO)
KT280463 WI 81 (BO, HBBO)
KT280465 WI 81 (BO, HBBO)
2015] ARDI & ARDIYANI: Two new species of Alpinia from Sulawesi 313

macro (Latin – large) and crista (Latin - crested)
referring to the large anther crest.
Phenology. Alpinia macrocrista has been ob-
served in flower at Bogor Botanic Garden from
May to June.
Conservation status. Data deficient (DD).
Alpinia macrocrista is known from one collection
from a single location which could not be georef-
erenced with certainty. Further exploration is re-
quired to assess the current range of the species on
the island.

Plate 1. A lpinia macrocrista Ardiyani & Ardi. A. Habit in cultivation at the BBG B. Inflorescence C. Ligule D. Leaf E.
Rhizome and base of leafy shoot F. Two whole flowers and one dissected showing calyx, corolla lobes, label-
lum with lateral staminodes, ovary with corolla tube, stamen and pistillum G. Anther. Photographs of WI 80
(BO) by Wisnu Ardi.
314
314 REINWARDTIA
REINWARDTIA [VOL.14
[VOL.14

Notes. At
Notes. At fir
fir st,
st, this
this species
species was
was misidentified
misidentified in
in Province,
Province, Indonesia)
Indonesia) 14
14 iv
iv 2013,
2013, W isnu A
Wisnu rdi &
A rdi &
the Garden as
the Garden as AA momum abendanoni, which
momum abendanoni, was aa
which was Marlina
Marlina Ardiyani
Ardiyani WI 81 (BO,
WI 81 (BO, isotype
isotype BOHB).
BOHB).
nomen nudum of
nomen nudum of Valeton.
Valeton. A
A specimen
specimen of
of Amomum
Amomum Plate 2.
Plate 2.
abendanoni was
abendanoni found in
was found in Herbarium Bogoriense
Herbarium Bogoriense
but
but the
the species
species had
had never
never been
been published.
published. When
When This species differs
This species differs from
from all
all other
other species
species of
of A
A l-
l-
the
the living
living material
material in Bogor Botanic
in Bogor Botanic Garden
Garden pinia subsect.
pinia Cenolophon in
subsect. Cenolophon in its
its considerably
considerably
flowered,
flowered, we
we could
could identify
identify it
it as
as aa species
species of
of small
small stature,
stature, few-flowered
few-flowered inflorescence
inflorescence and
and rela-
rela-
Alpinia.
Alpinia. tively
tively large
large size
size flower.
flower.

2.
2. Alpinia pusilla Ardi
Alpinia pusilla Ardi &
& Ardiyani,
Ardiyani, spec. nov. —
spec. nov. — Description.
Description. Per
Per ennial
ennial her
her b.
b. R hizom ee 5−8
R hizom 5−8 mm
mm
Type:
Type: Indonesia,
Indonesia, Cultivated
Cultivated in
in Bogor
Bogor Botanic
Botanic diameter,
diameter, scales
scales cream
cream greenish
greenish externally,
externally, 2−3
2−3
Garden
Garden from
from vegetative
vegetative material
material collected
collected in
in cm
cm long.
long. Leafy shoots 3–4
Leafy shoots 3–4 cm
cm apart
apart forming
forming aa
the
the wild
wild (Natali
(Natali Baru
Baru Village,
Village, North
North Sulawesi
Sulawesi dense
dense clump
clump of
of up
up to
to 10
10 shoots,
shoots, shoot
shoot 25−30
25−30 cm
cm

Plate 2.
Plate 2. A
A lpinia
lpinia pusilla Ardi &
pusilla Ardi & Ardiyani.
Ardiyani. A.
A. Habit
Habit in
in the
the cultivation
cultivation inin the
the BBG
BBG B. B. Ligule
Ligule C.
C. Lamina
Lamina D. D. Rhizome,
Rhizome,
roots
roots and
and two
two leafy
leafy shoot
shoot bases
bases E. Two whole
E. Two whole flowers
flowers and
and one
one dissected showing calyx,
dissected showing calyx, corolla
corolla lobes, ovary
lobes, ovary
with
with corolla
corolla tube, lateral staminodes,
tube, lateral staminodes , stamen
stamen and
and pistillum,
pistillum, labellum
labellum F.
F. Anther.
Anther. Photographs
Photographs ofof WI
WI 81
81 (BO)
(BO)
by Wisnu Ardi.
by Wisnu Ardi.
2015]
2015] ARDI & ARDIYANI:
ARDI & ARDIYANI: Two
Two new
new species
species of
of Alpinia
Alpinia from
from Sulawesi
Sulawesi 315
315

long with 3−5 leaves,

long with brownish to
leaves, brownish to red,
red, pubescent.
pubescent. rally
rally habitat
habitat may
may have
have prevented
prevented itit from
from growing
growing
Ligule 3−5 mm
Ligule mm long,
long, reddish
reddish to to brownish,
brownish, marginmargin to
to its
its maximum
maximum size,size, itit will
will still
still be
be easy
easy toto
ciliate,
ciliate, apex
apex bilobed. Petiole 1.5−4.5
bilobed. Petiole 1.5−4.5 cm cm long,
long, distinguish
distinguish itit even
even if
if taller
taller plants
plants would
would be
be collect-
collect-
green
green or or red,
red, glabrous. Leaves elliptic,
glabrous. Leaves elliptic, 8.5−15 × × ed
ed in
in nature
nature in
in the
the future.
future.
3−8 cm,cm, pubescent
pubescent on on both
both surfaces,
surfaces, adaxially
adaxially
green,
green, abaxially
abaxially pale pale green,
green, slightly
slightly plicate,
plicate, Notes
Notes on Alpinia subsection
on Alpinia Cenolophon in
subsection Cenolophon in Su-
Su-
margin
margin entire,
entire, base
base slightly
slightly oblique,
oblique, sub-rounded,
sub-rounded, lawesi
lawesi
apex
apex acuminate. Inflorescence terminal,
acuminate. Inflorescence terminal, aa simple
simple
raceme,
raceme, branchless, flower-bearing part
branchless, flower-bearing part 6−7.5
6−7.5 cm cm The
The number
number of of the
the member
member of of A lpinia subsec-
A lpinia subsec-
long
long with
with 4−5 well-spaced
well-spaced flowers,
flowers, 1−2 open open at at aa tion Cenolophon in
tion Cenolophon in Sulawesi
Sulawesi reaches
reaches seven
seven spe-spe-
time. Peduncle 1−2 cm
time. Peduncle cm long,
long, pubescent.
pubescent. Flowers
Flowers cies
cies which
which are are all
all endemic.
endemic. This This number
number may may in-in-
4.0−4.5 cm cm long.
long. Pedicel
Pedicel ca.ca. 1−2 mm mm long,
long, red.
red. crease
crease asas new
new species
species areare likely
likely to to be
be found.
found. Table
Table
Calyx reaching
Calyx reaching shorter
shorter than
than corolla, tubular, up
corolla, tubular, up 11 shows
shows the comparison of
the comparison of morphological
morphological charac- charac-
to
to 19
19 mm
mm long,
long, apex
apex three-lobed,
three-lobed, split
split unilaterally,
unilaterally, ters
ters of
of A lpinia subsect.
A lpinia Cenolophon. The
subsect. Cenolophon. The leafy
leafy
white
white pinkish,
pinkish, pubescent. Corolla tube
pubescent. Corolla tube 11−14
11−14 mm mm shoot of
shoot of A pusilla is
A .. pusilla is up
up toto 3030 cm
cm long,
long, while
while allall
long,
long, cream;
cream; corolla
corolla lobes oblong, reaching
lobes oblong, reaching shorter
shorter other species
other species reach
reach more
more than
than 50 50 cm.
cm. TheThe number
number
than
than filament,
filament, white,
white, pubescent,
pubescent, dorsal
dorsal lobe lobe ob-ob- of
of flowers
flowers perper inflorescence
inflorescence vary vary from
from 4 flowers
flowers in in
long
long 1.6−2.5 × × 0.4−0.6 cm,cm, lateral
lateral lobes
lobes 1.7−2.4 × × A. pusilla to
A. pusilla to 40 flowers
flowers in in A. warburgii. The
A. warburgii. The flow-
flow-
0.5−0.6 cm. Labellum obovate,
cm. Labellum obovate, curved
curved outward
outward er
er size
size also
also vary
vary from
from less
less than
than 4 cm cm toto 55 cm
cm or or
2.8−3.3 × × 1.8−2.3
1.8−2.3 cm, cm, adaxially
adaxially whitewhite pinkish
pinkish more.
more. The
The largest
largest flowers
flowers are are found
found in in AA .. macro-
macro-
with
with red
red stripes
stripes in in between
between of of two
two yellow
yellow bands,
bands, crista. The
crista. The size
size and
and the
the shape
shape of the labellum
of the labellum vary,
vary,
margin
margin entire,
entire, apexapex three-lobed. Stamen 3.2−3.7
three-lobed. Stamen 3.2−3.7 A. pusilla has
A. pusilla has an obovate labellum
an obovate labellum with with entire
entire
cm
cm long,
long, pink,
pink, outer surface covered
outer surface covered withwith glandu-
glandu- margin
margin which
which is is relatively
relatively bigbig (3.3
(3.3 × × 2.3
2.3 cm) com-
cm) com-
lar
lar hairs. Filament 27−30
hairs. Filament 27−30 mm mm long.
long. A nther 6−7
A nther 6−7 × × pared
pared toto the
the other
other species
species fromfrom Sulawesi.
Sulawesi. A A lpinia
lpinia
3.5−4 mm,mm, pinkpink with
with red
red strips
strips onon the
the upper
upper sur-sur- macrocrista is
macrocrista is unique
unique andand distinct
distinct from
from others
others be-be-
face,
face, pink
pink creamy
creamy underneath;
underneath; anther
anther crest
crest ovate,
ovate, cause
cause ofof its
its subsessile
subsessile and and coriaceous
coriaceous leaf leaf blades,
blades,
apex
apex crenulate,
crenulate, 55 × × 5.5−6 mm.mm. Lateral
Lateral staminodes
staminodes large
large flower
flower (5−5.5
(5−5.5 cm cm long)
long) and and conspicuously
conspicuously
subulate,
subulate, 7−10 mm mm long,
long, red. Ovary spherical,
red. Ovary spherical, large,
large, broadly
broadly obovate
obovate anther
anther crest
crest (10
(10 × × 12−14
dark
dark red,
red, tomentose,
tomentose, ca. ca. 4−4.5 mm mm long,
long, 3−3.5 mm)
mm) compared
compared to to other
other species.
species.
mm
mm diameter;
diameter; style style glabrescent;
glabrescent; stigmastigma 4 mm mm
long,
long, funnel-shaped;
funnel-shaped; nectarynectary gland
gland entire,
entire, split
split to
to ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
the
the base
base inin one side close
one side close to
to the
the base
base ofof the
the style,
style,
2−3 mmmm long.
long. We would
We would like
like to
to thank
thank DrDr Mark
Mark F.F. Newman
Newman for for dis-
dis-
cussion and
cussion and assistance
assistance in in preparing
preparing the
the manuscript.
manuscript. We We
also thank Bogor
also thank Bogor Botanical
Botanical Garden
Garden andand Herbarium
Herbarium Bo- Bo-
Distribution.
Distribution. At
At pr
pr esent
esent AA lpinia pusilla is
lpinia pusilla is only
only goriense
goriense forfor their
their facilities.
facilities. The
The second
second author
author is
is indebt-
indebt-
known
known from
from the
the type
type locality,
locality, endemic
endemic to
to North
North ed
ed to
to the
the Sibbald Trust of
Sibbald Trust of the
the Royal
Royal Botanic
Botanic Garden
Garden
Sulawesi.
Sulawesi. Edinburgh
Edinburgh whichwhich funded
funded aa visit
visit to
to examine
examine herbarium
herbarium
specimens
specimens and and the
the living
living collections
collections there.
there. Thanks
Thanks areare
Etymology.
Etymology. TheThe specific
specific epithet
epithet is
is der
der ived
ived frfr om
om also
also due
due toto Susila
Susila who
who helped
helped inin the
the Molecular
Molecular Lab.
Lab.
pusillus (Latin
pusillus (Latin –– very
very small),
small), referring
referring to
to the
the small
small The
The DNA
DNA sequencing
sequencing was was funded
funded by by the
the DIPA
DIPA Project
Project
stature
stature of
of the
the plant
plant which,
which, at
at only
only 30
30 cm
cm tall,
tall, is
is the
the "Konstruksi Pustaka
"Konstruksi Pustaka Referensi
Referensi Sekuen
Sekuen DNA
DNA Fauna
Fauna dan
dan
smallest
smallest of
of all
all the
the species
species of
of subsection
subsection Cenolo-
Cenolo- Flora Indonesia melalui
Flora Indonesia melalui DNA
DNA Barcode
Barcode dan
dan Forensik"
Forensik" or or
phon.
phon. "Construction
"Construction of of the
the DNA Reference Library
DNA Reference Library of of the
the
Indonesian
Indonesian FaunaFauna andand Flora
Flora using
using DNA
DNA Barcode
Barcode and and
Forensic.
Forensic". Last
Last but
but not
not least,
least, we
we would
would like
like to
to thank
thank the
the
Phenology.
Phenology. Alpinia pusilla has
Alpinia pusilla has been
been observed
observed in
in Editors and
Editors and the
the Reviewers
Reviewers who who helped
helped usus to
to improve
improve
flower at Bogor
flower at Bogor and
and Cibodas
Cibodas Botanic
Botanic Gardens
Gardens the quality
the quality of of this
this paper.
paper.
from
from May
May to
to June.
June.

Conservation status. Data

Conservation status. Data deficient
deficient (DD).
(DD). REFERENCES
REFERENCES
Alpinia pusilla is
Alpinia pusilla is known
known from one collections
from one collections from
from
single
single location
location which
which could
could not
not be
be georeferenced
georeferenced KRESS,
KRESS, W.W. J.
J. && ERICKSON,
ERICKSON, D. D. L.
L. 2007.
2007. A two-locus
A two-locus
with
with certainty.
certainty. Further
Further exploration
exploration is
is required
required to
to global
global DNA
DNA barcode
barcode for land plants:
for land plants: the
the coding
coding
rbcL gene complements
rbcL gene complements the non-Coding trnH-psbA
the non-Coding trnH-psbA
assess
assess the
the current
current range
range of
of the
the species
species on
on the
the is-
is- spacer
spacer region.
region. PLoS
PLoS ONEONE 2:
2: e508.
e508.
land.
land. KRESS,
KRESS, W.W. J., LIU, A.
J., LIU, A. -Z.,
-Z., NEWMAN,
NEWMAN, M. M. F.
F. &
& LI,
LI, Q.
Q.
-J.
-J. 2005.
2005. TheThe molecular phylogeny of
molecular phylogeny of AA lpinia
lpinia
Notes.
Notes. A. pusilla is
A. pusilla is distinct
distinct from
from all
all other
other species
species (Zingiberaceae):
(Zingiberaceae): aa complex
complex andand polyphyletic
polyphyletic genus
genus
not
not only
only in
in its
its short
short leafy
leafy shoots
shoots but
but also
also in
in the
the of
of gingers.
gingers. A
A mer.
mer. J. Bot. 92(1):
J. Bot. 92(1): 167-178.
167-178.
number
number of flowers per
of flowers per inflorescence
inflorescence and
and the
the size
size SMITH,
SMITH, R.R. M.
M. 1990.
1990. Alpinia (Zingiberaceae) A
Alpinia (Zingiberaceae) A pro-
Pro-
of the flower.
of the flower. Even
Even if
if cultivation
cultivation outside
outside its
its natu-
natu- posed
posed New Infrageneric classification.
new infrageneric Classification. Edinb.
Edinb. J.
J.
Bot. 47(1): 1-75.
Bot. 1-75.
 316

Table 2. Comparison of morphological characters of A lpinia spp. in A lpinia subsect. Cenolophon in Sulawesi

A. huljstinii A. orthostachys A. padacanca A. rubricaulis A. versicolor A. warburgii A. pusilla A. macrocrista

Leafy shoot 0.4-0.6 m 2m 0.9 m 1.6 m 3m 0.7 m 0.3 m 0.6-0.8 m

Petiole; petiole length Petiolate; 2-7 Petiolate; 8 mm Petiolate; 1.5-4 Petiolate; 1-5 Petiolate; 2 cm Petiolate; 1.2 cm Petiolate; 1.5-4 cm Subsessile
cm cm cm

Shape of leaf Ovate-oblong Oblong Elliptic-oblong Elliptic Elliptic-oblong Narrowly oblong Elliptic Elliptic-oblong

Size of leaf 20-40 × 7-8 cm 30-35 × 7.5 cm 12-24 × 4-8 cm 18-40 × 8.5-12 50 × 14 cm 40 × 5 cm 8.5-15 × 3-8 cm 21-34 × 4-8 cm
cm

Number of flower per inflo- - - 4-10 17-25 - 14-40 3-5 10-20

rescence
REINWARDTIA

Flower size (length) 3-4 cm - 3-3.5 cm 3.2-3.5 cm - 3-3.5 cm 4-4.5 cm 5-5.5 cm

Shape of labellum Obovate Obovate Broadly obovate Obovate Obovate Obovate Obovate Broadly obovate

Size of labellum 32 × 20 mm - 22-24 × 19-21 22-24 × 14-16 25 mm long 14 mm long 33 × 23 mm 31-33 × 25-28 mm
mm mm

Anther crest Ovate Ecristate Ovate Ovate - Ovate Ovate Broadly obovate

Anther crest size 4 mm long - 3 × 2.5 mm 3-4 × 2.5-3 mm - 1.5 mm long 6-7 × 3.5 mm 10 × 12-14 mm
[VOL.14
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